Circulatory and Respiratory Review

• What does the circulatory system provide the body?

• Maintains homeostasis• Regulate temperature• Delivers gases and nutrients

• How many chambers does the human heart have?

• 4

• What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

• atria

• What is the purpose of the chordae tendinae?

• Tendons that hold the valve flaps in place

• Differentiate between the arteries, veins, capillaries

• Arteries carry blood to the body from the heart filled with oxygen. They have a larger ring of smooth muscle.

• Veins carry CO2 filled blood back to the heart. They contain valves

• Capillaries are microscopic and is the site of gas exchange.

• What are the scientific names for Red Blood Cells and White Blood Cells?

• Erythrocytes• Leukocytes

• What is the term for hardening of the arteries with fat deposits?

• artheriosclerosis

• Which side of the heart has the oxygenated blood?

• left

• Name the major blood vessels entering and leaving the heart.

• Entering: superior and inferior vena cava• Leaving: Aorta

• What is blood pressure?

• The pressure exerted against the artery walls.

• What is normal blood pressure?

• 120/80

• What is the high blood pressure called?

• hypertension

• What is the difference between systole and diastole?

• Systole measure the contraction of blood traveling out of the heart on the artery walls.

• Diastole measures its relaxation

• What percentage of the blood is hematocrit and plasma?

• Hematocrit = 45%• Plasma = 55%

• What helps carry oxygen around in the blood?

• hemoglobin

• What is sickle-celled anemia?

• A genetic disorder that has collapsed red blood cells.

• How long does a red blood cell live?

• 120 days

• What is the role of leukocytes?

• To rid the body of foreign invaders.

• What will happen if a person receives the wrong blood type?

• Their blood will clump up

• Which blood type is the universal donor and recipient?

• Donor = type O• Recipient = type AB

• Why do your cells needs oxygen?

• To help metabolize food.

• How is food stopped from entering the trachea?

• The epiglottis covers it as food is swallowed

• What does the larynx do?

• Produces sound

• What line of defense do the lungs use against debris that has gone into the lungs?

• Mucus and macrophages

• Explain the role of the diaphragm in breathing in and out.

• As the diaphragm contracts it lowers lung air pressure causing a person to inhale.

• As the diaphragm relaxes it raises lung air pressure causing a person to exhale.

• What is tidal volume?

• A normal breathe.

• What does surfactant do?

• Keeps water from sticking to alveoli walls

• How is the majority of CO2 carried around in the blood?

• As bicarbonate.