Chuong 5_1

QUN LMI TRNG NNG THN

CHNG V

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Chng 5Quan ly moi trng nong thon

CHNG 5

QUN L MI TRNG NNG THN

nhim mi trng nng thn v ang tr thnh vn cp bch. Nhn thc c vn , cng tc BVMT nng thn c ch trng nhiu hn. Tuy nhin, qun l mi trng nng thn vn cn c nhiu tn ti, bt cp cha c gii quyt cc mc v cp khc nhau. y chnh l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn quan trng khin cho vn nhim mi trng ti nhiu vng nng thn cha c ci thin, thm ch c xu hng xu hn. Sau y l mt s nh gi, phn tch v cng tc qun l mi trng nng thn ca nc ta trong thi gian qua.

5.1. CC CHNH SCH V VN BN QUY PHM PHP LUT

5.1.1. Cc chnh sch v vn bn quy phm php lut to hnh lang php l cho cng tc BVMT nng thn

Trong nhng nm qua, vn qun l v BVMT nng thn nhn c s quan tm ca ng v Nh nc. Cc ni dung v qun l mi trng nng thn c iu chnh bng nhiu vn bn quy phm php lut, thng qua vic lng ghp vo cc vn bn qun l mi trng ni chung hoc lng ghp vo cc vn bn qun l sn xut chuyn ngnh.

Theo , Lut Bo v mi trng; Chin lc BVMT quc gia n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm 20201; Chin lc BVMT quc gia n nm 2020, tm nhn 1. Quyt nh s 256/2003/Q-TTg ngy 02/12/2003 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph duyt Chin lc BVMT quc gia n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020.

n nm 20302; Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v xy dng nng thn mi giai on 2010 - 20203... u c cc quy nh lin quan n qun l v BVMT nng thn.

Lut Bo v mi trng nm 2005 a ra cc iu khon quy nh vic BVMT trong sn xut nng nghip, lng ngh, nui trng thy sn, ha cht, thuc BVTV, thuc th y; quy nh v BVMT khu dn c, h gia nh hay t chc t qun v BVMT. Lut Bo v mi trng nm 2014 b sung sa i cc iu khon ny, chi tit, ph hp hn vi iu kin thc tin.

Chin lc BVMT quc gia n nm 2010 v nh hng n nm 2020 a ra mc tiu gii quyt c bn tnh trng suy thoi mi trng ti mt s vng nng thn; cp nc sch cho dn c khu vc nng thn; xy dng Chng trnh xy dng v ph bin nhn rng cc m hnh lng kinh t sinh thi. Tip theo , Chin lc BVMT quc gia n nm 2020, tm nhn n nm 2030 cng c nhm ni dung, bin php hng ti mc tiu gii quyt c bn cc vn mi trng ti cc lng ngh v vn VSMT nng thn. n nay, cc chng trnh, d n nhm thc hin cc mc tiu t ra cng v ang c trin khai thc hin theo ng l trnh.

2. Quyt nh s 1216/Q-TTg ngy 05/9/2012 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Chin lc BVMT quc gia n nm 2020, tm nhn n nm 2030.3. Quyt nh s 800/Q-TTg ngy 04/6/2010 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v xy dng nng thn mi giai on 2010 2020.

BO CO MI TRNG QUC GIA 2014MI TRNG NNG THN

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Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia nc sch v sinh mi trng nng thn giai on 2012 - 20154 xy dng v trin khai cc ni dung v cp nc sch, VSMT (c nh tiu hp v sinh, chung tri hp v sinh), trong tp trung u tin cho cc vng min ni, vng su vng xa, vng ven bin, ni b kh hn, ang b nhim mi trng... Sau khi chng trnh kt thc nm 2010, cc ni dung v mc tiu nc sch v sinh mi trng nng thn vn tip tc c trin khai v thu c nhiu kt qu tt. Tnh n ht nm 2014, t l dn s nng thn c s dng nc hp v sinh l 84,5%, t l h dn s dng nh tiu hp v sinh t 63%5.

Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v xy dng nng thn mi giai on 2010 - 2020 a ra cc ni dung v tip tc thc hin chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v nc sch v VSMT nng thn; xy dng cc cng trnh BVMT nng thn trn a bn x, thn theo quy hoch (xy dng, ci to nng cp h thng tiu thot nc trong thn, xm; xy dng cc im thu gom, x l rc thi cc x; chnh trang, ci to ngha trang; ci to, xy dng cc ao, h sinh thi trong khu dn c, pht trin cy xanh cc cng trnh cng cng...). Theo kt qu nh gi ca B NN&PTNT n cui nm 2014, 97,2% s x c ph duyt quy hoch nng thn mi. Vic trin khai cc tiu ch v nng thn mi, trong c b tiu ch v mi trng cng c trin khai v thu c nhng kt qu nht nh.

4. Quyt nh s 366/Q-TTg ngy 31/3/2012 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia nc sch v v sinh mi trng nng thn giai on 2012 2015.5. Bo co s 3000/BC-BNN-TCTL ngy 14/4/2015 ca B NN&PTNT v kt qu thc hin Chng trnh MTQG nc sch v v sinh mi trng nng thn nm 2014

Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia khc phc nhim v ci thin mi trng giai on 2012 - 20156 cng t mc tiu khc phc nhim v ci thin mi trng i vi 47 lng ngh ang b nhim mi trng c bit nghim trng. Hin nay, nhiu a phng xy dng v ph duyt d n trin khai thc hin.

Bn cnh cc vn bn, chnh sch v mi trng, trong cc chnh sch, vn bn, chng trnh quy nh v pht trin ngnh ngh nng thn nh Lut Thy sn 2003, Lut Bo v v kim dch thc vt 2013, Php lnh Ging vt nui 2004, Php lnh Th y 2004 cng c cc ni dung quy nh v BVMT.

6. Quyt nh s 1206/Q-TTg ngy 02/9/2012 ca Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia khc phc nhim v ci thin mi trng giai on 2012 2015.

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trin khai cc chnh sch, Lut, Php lnh, rt nhiu cc vn bn di lut cng c xy dng vi cc ni dung quy nh v qun l cht thi nng nghip bao gm: kim sot nhim t hot ng trng trt, chn nui, nui trng thy sn, git m; hot ng ch bin nng lm thy sn, cc c s sn xut kinh doanh dch v ti khu vc nng

thn hay quy nh vic kim sot nhim, qun l cht thi lng ngh Cng vi , cc quy chun k thut quc gia cho cc lnh vc th y, v sinh an ton thc phm, bo v v kim dch thc vt, quy nh v ngng cht thi nguy hi (trong bao gm cht thi nguy hi t hot ng sn xut nng nghip, lng ngh) cng c ban hnh.

Khung 5.1. Quy nh lin quan n BVMT trong cc Lut, Php lnh ca ngnh nng nghip

Lut Thy sniu 6 quy nh cc hnh vi b cm: X thi nc, cht thi t c s sn xut ging thu

sn, c s nui trng thu sn, c s bo qun, ch bin thu sn m cha qua x l hoc x l cha t tiu chun quy nh vo mi trng xung quanh.

Lut Bo v v Kim dch thc vt:iu 7 quy nh trch nhim ca B NN&PTNT trong hng dn s dng, thu hi, kho

nghim kim nghim thuc BVTV, thu gom bao b thuc BVTV. B TN&MT hng dn tiu hy thuc, x l bao b, gi thuc BVTV sau s dng.

Php lnh th y iu 8. Nhng hnh vi b nghim cm:Sn xut, kinh doanh, nhp khu ng vt, sn phm ng vt, nguyn liu c ngun

gc ng vt dng sn xut thc n chn nui, thc n chn nui c ngun gc t ng vt, thuc th y, ch phm sinh hc, vi sinh vt, ha cht dng trong th y gi, khng tiu chun v sinh th y, ht hn s dng, khng r ngun gc, b cm s dng hoc khng c php lu hnh ti Vit Nam;

Vt xc ng vt gy ly lan dch bnh cho ng vt, cho ngi;Vn chuyn tri php ng vt mc bnh, sn phm ng vt mang mm bnh truyn

nhim nguy him t a phng ny n a phng khc.

iu 12. iu kin v sinh th y trong chn nui:

Chung tri, ni chn nui khc phi c v sinh, kh trng tiu c, dit mm bnh, cc loi ng vt trung gian truyn bnh theo ch nh k v sau mi t nui.

Khu vc chn nui phi c ni x l cht thi, ni nui cch ly ng vt, ni v sinh, kh trng tiu c cho dng c chn nui, ni m khm, x l xc ng vt.

Php lnh ging vt nui

iu 19 yu cu c s sn xut, kinh doanh ging vt nui phi m bo tiu chun v sinh th y v BVMT.


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cp a phng cng ch n vic ban hnh cc vn bn lin quan nhm c th ha cc ng li, chnh sch ca ng v Chnh ph a phng mnh. Mt s a phng xy dng n bo v v ci thin mi trng nng thn nh Thi Nguyn, Bc Giang, Bnh Phc, Vnh Long Cn c theo tnh hnh thc t v nh hng pht trin nng thn ca tng a phng, cc mc tiu v chng trnh, d n u tin c xy dng.

i vi cc hot ng pht trin nng nghip nng thn, cc a phng cng xy dng cc vn bn hng dn, yu cu trin khai thc hin an ton v sinh thc phm, kim dch trong hot ng nui trng thy sn, chn nui, git m gia sc gia cm, vn s dng thuc, ha cht BVTV Mt ni dung cng v ang c hu ht cc a phng t chc trin khai thc hin theo ng l trnh ca Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia l vic trin khai nhm tiu ch v mi trng trong Chng trnh nng thn mi cho cc x trn a bn tnh.

5.1.2. Nhng tn ti v thch thc

H thng chnh sch, vn bn v qun l v BVMT nng nghip, nng thn c ban hnh, nhng vn cn mt s hn ch, bt cp khin cho cng tc qun l cng nh trin khai thc hin BVMT nng thn gp nhiu kh khn.

Cha y v thiu tnh ng bTrong nhng nm qua, Lut Bo v

mi trng l vn bn quy phm php lut cao nht trong lnh vc mi trng. Lut BVMT nm 2014 c nhng iu khon ring (iu 69, 70) v BVMT nng thn v mt s iu khon khc lin quan trc tip hoc gin tip (iu 71, 78, 80, 82, 83).

Tuy nhin, cho n nay, vn cha c mt vn bn chuyn bit quy nh mt cch h thng vn qun l v BVMT nng thn, cc quy nh cn nm phn tn nhiu lnh vc, thiu tnh gn kt, nhiu ni dung cn b b ng. Trong cc vn bn di lut cng vn cn thiu cc ni dung hng dn thi hnh i vi vn BVMT nng thn.

Khung 5.2. Cc chng trnh, d n u tin thuc n bo v v ci thin

mi trng nng nghip nng thn n nm 2020 trn a bn tnh Thi Nguyn

Chng trnh gn kt bo v mi trng vo quy hoch pht trin KT-XH vng nng nghip - nng thn.

Chng trnh tng cng qun l, x l cht thi nng nghip - nng thn.

Chng trnh nng cp v xy dng mi cc cng trnh BVMT nng nghip - nng thn.

Chng trnh BVMT cc lng ngh.Chng trnh qun l ha cht

BVTV v sn xut nng phm an ton.Chng trnh tng cng nng lc

qun l nh nc v mi trng nng nghip - nng thn.

Chng trnh nng cao nhn thc cng ng v bo v ti nguyn, mi trng, nng nghip - nng thn.

Trong mi chng trnh s c nhiu nhm d n, nhim v. Chi tit cc nhim v/d n c quy nh c th trong n.

Trch: Quyt nh s 635/Q-UBND

ngy 03/4/2013 ca UBND tnh Thi Nguyn.

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Theo quy nh ca Lut Bo v mi trng 2005, tiu chun mi trng i vi cht thi, c bit l nc thi v kh thi ch p dng vi cc c s sn xut, kinh doanh vi quy m ln m khng ph hp vi cc c s sn xut, kinh doanh vi quy m nh v quy m h gia nh trong cc lng ngh hoc nm xen k trong khu dn c. Chnh v vy, vic thanh tra, kim tra cng nh xc nh mc nhim i vi cc i tng ny hu nh cha th trin khai. Vn ny vn tip tc tn ti trong quy nh ca Lut BVMT 2014.

Cho n nay, vn cn thiu cc quy nh v vic qun l, x l cht thi (nc thi, cht thi rn) i vi khu vc nng thn; trch nhim v phn cp trong qun l mi trng nng thn; vn thu ph v l ph trong qun l cht thi nng nghip, lng ngh; thiu cc tiu chun, quy chun v mi trng p dng cho khu vc nng thn...

Thiu tnh kh thiMt s quy nh php lut c lin

quan n BVMT khu vc nng thn khng th p dng trong thc t hoc p dng khng hiu qu. in hnh nh ni dung v qun l CTR, Ngh nh s 59/2007/

N-CP7 v qun l cht thi rn p dng cho c khu vc th v nng thn vi mc tiu phn loi CTR ti ngun. Tuy nhin, cho n nay, vic phn loi CTR ti ngun mi ch thc hin c th im mt s khu vc th ln. Mt minh chng khc l quy nh v ph BVMT i vi CTR8, trong thc t, n nay vn cha trin khai c, c bit l trn a bn nng thn.

Mt s cc tiu chun, quy chun c xy dng nhng cha xem xt y tnh hnh thc t, dn n khi ban hnh, tnh kh thi khng cao, gy kh kh khn trong qu trnh trin khai p dng. Mt minh chng in hnh l vic chn bi chn lp x l cht thi rn khu vc nng thn, c p dng theo quy chun k thut quc gia QCVN 14:2009/BXD v quy hoch xy dng nng thn. y l mt quy chun hng dn kh chi tit, tuy nhin, mt s ch tiu v bi rc, nc thi sinh hot l cha th p dng thc hin trong iu kin h tng nng thn hin nay.

7. Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 09/4/2007 ca Chnh ph v Qun l cht thi rn.8. Ngh nh s 174/2007/N-CP ngy 29/11/2007 ca Chnh ph v ph BVMT i vi cht thi rn.


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5.2. H THNG T CHC QUN L V PHN CNG TRCH NHIM

5.2.1. H thng t chc qun l v phn cng trch nhim

Cng tc qun l v pht trin nng nghip, nng thn nhn c s quan tm, ch o st sao ca ng thng qua Ngh quyt Tam nng9. Theo , nhng nhim v quan trng c t ra bao gm cng c v nng cao nng lc b my qun l nng nghip t Trung ng n a phng, nht l cp huyn, x v cc lnh vc khc nng thn; tng cng o to, nng cao trnh i ng cn b, cng chc x; tip tc i mi, nng cao cht lng hot ng ca Mt trn T quc v cc on th chnh tr - x hi nng thn

Cng t giai on trc , h thng t chc qun l nh nc v BVMT nng thn c hnh thnh v dn i vo hot ng n nh theo chc nng, nhim v c phn cng.

cp Trung ng, B TN&MT c giao trch nhim qun l thng nht v mi trng, qun l mi trng lng ngh; B NN&PTNT c giao trch nhim qun l cc ngnh ngh nng thn, trong c thnh lp cc n v chuyn trch v mi trng. Ngoi ra, mt s B/ngnh khc cng c phn cng trch nhim qun l mt s hot ng c lin quan nh B Xy dng c trch nhim qun l hot ng cp nc, thot nc, x l CTR v nc thi ti lng ngh v khu dn c nng thn tp trung; B Cng thng c trch nhim qun l hot ng ca cc CCN; B Y t c trch nhim qun l vn an ton v sinh thc phm v x l cht thi t cc c s y t

9. Ngh quyt s 26-NQ/TW ngy 05/8/2008 ca Ban chp hnh Trung ng kha X v nng nghip, nng dn, nng thn.

cp a phng, S TN&MT l n v c giao trch nhim qun l mi trng ca a phng, trong bao gm trch nhim qun l hot ng BVMT ca khu vc nng thn; S NN&PTNT chu trch nhim t chc trin khai cc hot ng pht trin nng nghip, nng thn ca a phng, trch nhim ny cn c quy nh phn cp qun l n cp huyn, x.

5.2.2. Mt s kh khn, tn ti

Cng tc qun l mi trng nng thn cn an xen, thiu n v u mi qun l, nhiu mng cn b ng

Trong nhng nm qua, ngay t cp Trung ng, cng tc qun l mi trng nng thn cha c n v u mi qun l. Mc d, theo chc nng nhim v c giao, B TN&MT l n v u mi qun l mi trng ni chung nhng ngay trong quy nh v chc nng nhim v cng cha nu r trch nhim v qun l mi trng nng thn. B NN&PTNT v mt s b ngnh khc c phn cng trch nhim qun l mi trng ngnh, lnh vc mnh qun l. Theo , i vi tng lnh vc c th m cng tc qun l cn c s an xen, c nhng ni dung chng cho nhng cng c nhng ni dung cn ang b ng.

Cng tc qun l CTR vng nng thn cn chng cho v cha nhn c s quan tm u t thch ng. Theo phn cng trch nhim, B Xy dng c giao thng nht qun l nh nc v CTR, tuy nhin, CTR t hot ng nng nghip li c giao cho B NN&PTNT qun l, cht thi nguy hi (trong c cht thi nguy hi t hot ng sn xut nng nghip v lng ngh) do B TN&MT qun l. Chnh s an xen trong phn cng trch nhim qun l CTR khin cho cng tc qun l

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thiu s thng nht, khng r trch nhim ca n v u mi. Cha k n, i vi cng tc qun l CTR sinh hot nng thn, gn nh ang b b ng.

i vi cng tc qun l nc sch v VSMT nng thn: Lut Ti nguyn nc 2012 giao B TN&MT qun l ti nguyn nc trn phm vi c nc (iu 70). Tuy nhin, vic u t c s h tng v cung cp nc sch ti khu vc th li c giao cho B Xy dng chu trch nhim qun l. Ring khu vc nng thn, cc c s h tng cp nc (bao gm nc sch) c giao cho B NN&PTNT xy dng v qun l. V sinh mi trng nng thn l khi nim rt rng, tuy nhin nc ta, VSMT nng thn thng c hiu l chung tri v nh tiu hp v sinh. Vic phn cng kim tra nh tiu hp v sinh thuc B Y t, vic xy dng nh tiu v v sinh chung tri chn nui li do B NN&PTNT qun l.

i vi cng tc qun l ha cht, thuc BVTV: vic s dng, thu gom, lu gi thuc BVTV thuc trch nhim ca B NN&PTNT. Tuy nhin, vic x l, tiu hy cc bao b thuc BVTV, x l cc kho ha cht, thuc BVTV tn lu li thuc trch nhim B TN&MT theo quy nh v qun l CTNH.

i vi cng tc qun l mi trng trong sn xut nng nghip: vic qun l mi trng trong hot ng sn xut nng nghip c giao cc Tng cc v Cc qun l chuyn ngnh thuc B NN&PTNT qun l. Theo , Tng cc Thy li ph trch mi trng nc trong h thng cng trnh thy li, cp nc sch; Tng cc Thy sn ph trch mi trng trong hot ng sn xut thy sn (khai thc, ch bin, ng tu c) v bo tn ngun li thy sn; Tng cc Lm nghip ph trch cc khu bo

tn, cc vn quc gia, bo tn DSH; Cc Trng trt ph trch vic s dng phn bn, kim sot sinh vt ngoi lai, sinh vt bin i gen lm ging cy trng; Cc Bo v thc vt qun l vic s dng ha cht phng, tr bnh cy trng

cp a phng, cc S NN&PTNT cng c giao ch tr thc hin cng tc BVMT trong nng nghip, nng thn cp tnh10, cp x v nng nghip v pht trin nng thn. Tuy nhin, hin nay, hu ht cc a phng, S NN&PTNT cha c b phn chuyn trch v qun l mi trng trong lnh vc nng nghip, nng thn nn n v ny ch tham gia phi hp vi S TN&MT trong cc vn lin quan n qun l mi trng nng thn. y cng l vn bt cp khi khng c nhng quy nh thng nht v h thng t chc qun l mi trng nng thn.

Trch nhim, nng lc ca n v qun l v thc thi cha cao

Vic phn cng trch nhim c quy nh ti cc vn bn quy phm php lut. Tuy nhin, vic trin khai thc thi theo trch nhim ca tng ngnh, tng cp cn nhiu tn ti. Hin nay, cng tc qun l mi trng b lng ghp vo cc chc nng qun l ngnh s khng trnh khi nhim v BVMT b a xung hng th yu so vi mc tiu hon thnh cc ch tiu pht trin KT-XH. Tuy nhin, m hnh ny khng cn ph hp vi nh hng pht trin bn vng t nc ca ng v Nh nc ta trong giai on cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc.

10. Thng t lin tch 61/2008/TTLT-BNN-BNV ngy 15/5/2008 gia B NN&PTNT v B Ni v v hng dn chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v c cu t chc ca c quan chuyn mn thuc UBND cp tnh, cp huyn v nhim v qun l nh nc ca UBND cp x v nng nghip v pht trin nng thn.


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cp a phng, cng tc BVMT nhiu vng nng thn cha tt, mi trng vn ang b nhim bi nc thi, cht thi sinh hot khng c thu gom, x l. iu ny cho thy, trch nhim ca cc n v qun l v hiu qu thc thi cc quy nh trong cc vn bn quy phm php lut cha cao. c bit l trch nhim ca n v qun l trc tip khu vc nng thn l cc UBND cp x. Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn quan trng l do nhng kh khn v ch o, iu hnh t cp cao hn, v kinh ph, v qu t quy hoch cc cng trnh BVMT, v nhn lc thc hin khu t chc, kim tra, gim st... hu nh cn thiu v yu.

Vn nhn lc v nng lc qun l, thc thi ca cc n v, c bit cp a phng vn tip tc l vn tn ti t nhiu nm nay. Vi s lng cn b hn ch cc n v qun l, cp x, cn b mi trng hu ht l kim nhim, cha c quan tm trong o to, nng cao k nng chuyn mn nn kh pht huy c hiu qu cng tc.

5.3. TRIN KHAI CC TIU CH MI TRNG THUC CHNG TRNH NNG THN MI

Nm 2010, Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v xy dng nng thn mi giai on 2010 - 2020 vi cc mc tiu t ra n nm 2015 v 2020 c t l s x trn ton quc t tiu chun nng thn mi theo B tiu ch quc gia v nng thn mi. Vic xc nh tiu ch xy dng nng thn mi c xy dng v ban hnh theo Quyt nh s 491/Q-TTg11, trong , tiu ch th 17 v mi trng gm 5 tiu ch thnh

11. Quyt nh s 491/Q-TTg ngy 16/4/2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ban hnh B tiu ch quc gia v Nng thn mi.

phn l mt bc tch cc trin khai Ngh quyt s 26-NQ/TW ca Ban Chp hnh Trung ng v nng nghip, nng dn v nng thn.

Qua 4 nm trin khai thc hin, Chng trnh thu c mt s kt qu kh quan. B my t chc v vn hnh chng trnh c thnh lp v hot ng rt tch cc t cp Trung ng (cc B/ngnh) n a phng (cc x, thn). Trn c nc cng t chc o to c hn 240 nghn cn b xy dng nng thn mi cc cp. Hng lot cc chnh sch c ban hnh phc v chng trnh. Theo thng k, n cui nm 2014, c 97,2% s x c ph duyt quy hoch nng thn mi, 785 x t chun nng thn mi (chim t l 8,8% tng s x trn c nc) v gn 1.300 x t t 15 - 18 tiu ch (chim 14,5%). c bit, i vi nhm tiu ch v mi trng, hu ht cc tnh, thnh ph, u t chc hng dn v yu cu trin khai thc hin i vi cc x thuc a phng .

Khung 5.3. Cc tiu ch v mi trng thuc B tiu ch quc gia v nng thn mi

1. T l h c s dng nc sch hp v sinh theo quy chun quc gia.

2. Cc c s sn xut kinh doanh t tiu chun v mi trng.

3. Khng c cc hot ng gy suy gim mi trng v c cc hot ng pht trin mi trng xanh - sch - p.

4. Ngha trang c xy dng theo quy hoch.

5. Cht thi, nc thi c thu gom v x l theo quy nh.

Trch: Quyt nh s 491/Q-TTg ngy 16/4/2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph

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Bng 5.1. Kt qu thc hin cc tiu ch nng thn mi tnh n cui nm 2014

S tiu ch t cT l s x t tiu ch (trn tng s 9.007 x)

19 tiu ch 8,8%15 - 18 tiu ch 14,5%10 - 14 tiu ch 32,1%5 - 9 tiu ch 33,6%Di 5 tiu ch 11%0 tiu ch 0%

Ngun: Ban ch o Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia xy dng nng thn mi, B NN&PTNT, 2015

Tuy nhin, theo kt qu nh gi sau thi gian trin khai thc hin chng trnh, nhm cc tiu ch v mi trng l mt trong nhng nhm tiu ch kh trin khai thc hin nht. Nhiu tnh, thnh ph phi xy dng cc hng dn, quy nh nhm c th ha, n gin ha cc tiu ch ny c th trin khai ti a phng. Theo kt qu nh gi chung, vic trin khai cc tiu ch v mi trng thuc chng trnh t khong 26,8%, so

snh vi cc nhm tiu ch khc, c th thy, nhm tiu ch v mi trng nm trong nhm 3 tiu ch c t l thp nht (di 30%) (Bng 5.2).

Cng theo s liu bo co, khu vc MNPB c t l thp nht c nc (ch t 7,1%). Ch c khu vc ng Nam B trin khai cc tiu ch v mi trng t t l kh cao (60,5%), tip n l vng BSH (45,9%).

Bng 5.2. Tnh hnh thc hin cc tiu ch nng thn mi n cui nm 2014

Tiu chT l t

(%)Tiu ch

T l t (%)

1 Quy hoch 97,2 11 H ngho 36,4

2 Giao thng 23,3 12 T l L c vic lm thng xuyn 72,2

3 Thy li 44,5 13 Hnh thc t chc sn xut 65,0

4 in 75,6 14 Gio dc 61,0

5 Trng hc 30,8 15 Y t 54,2

6 C s vt cht vn ha 17,9 16 Vn ha 56,5

7 Ch nng thn 45,0 17 Mi trng 26,8

8 Bu in 86,2 18 H thng t chc chnh tr x hi 68,2

9 Nh dn c 50,2 19 An ninh trt t x hi 91,0

10 Thu nhp 44,5

Ngun: Ban ch o Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia xy dng nng thn mi, B NN&PTNT, 2015.


124

Theo bo co ca B NN&PTNT, tnh n nay, c hn 1.000 cng trnh cp nc sch v ang tip tc c nng cp, 40% s x thnh lp t thu gom rc thi. Tuy nhin, vn rc thi, nc thi ca khu vc nng thn, x l nc x thi cng nghip, vn quy hoch v qun l ngha trang cha c nhiu chuyn bin tch cc. Cc hot ng ci to cnh quan nh sa cha ng x, khu vc xung quanh ni sinh sng, dn dp v sinh mi trng vn cha c ch trng thc hin, mi trng nng thn vn l vn bc xc, chm c gii quyt.

Mt vn khc phi k n l vic xin kinh ph u t nng cp c s h tng i vi nhng tiu ch v mi trng gp kh khn hn rt nhiu so vi vic xin kinh ph u t cho cc tiu ch v vn ha, x hi. Mc d, hin nay, nh nc c nhng chnh sch u i v ti chnh i vi cc d n, chng trnh BVMT nng thn nhng thc t cho thy, cc vn lin quan n mi trng thng kh thuyt trnh do cha nhn c s quan tm, ng thun ca chnh quyn cc cp.

C th thy rng, mc d tiu ch mi trng c a vo Chng trnh, tuy nhin, kt qu trin khai thc hin vn cn mc hn ch. Mt s nguyn nhn chnh c th k n nh: cc tiu ch c xy dng cha bm st vo tnh hnh thc t, mt s tiu ch cn mang tnh l thuyt, kh trin khai. in hnh nh ch tiu v T l c s sn xut kinh doanh t tiu chun v mi trng khng r v khi nim cng nh ni dung ca ch tiu ny. Hoc i vi ch tiu Ngha trang c xy dng theo quy hoch, thc t cho thy, vn quy hoch v xy dng ngha trang ti hu ht cc a phng u khng phi do cp x quy nh.

i vi cng tc quy hoch, xy dng k hoch pht trin nng thn, ngay t khi bt u xy dng quy hoch, k hoch hay d n thc hin mc tiu pht trin, cc vn mi trng cha c xem xt thu o v c bin php BVMT ngay t u. Mc d c quy nh v qun l CTR v CTNH (trong c bao b thuc BVTV)... nhng khu trin khai thc hin, kim tra, gim st cn rt hn ch. Mt phn do tp qun sinh hot, sn xut, do thc chy theo li ch trong sn xut nn ngi dn nng thn khng quan tm n kha cnh BVMT m trc tip l bo v sc khe cng ng dn c nng thn. Thm vo , hiu bit ni chung ca ngi dn khu vc nng thn v lut php, hiu bit v nhng tc hi, hu qu trc mt v lu di ca nhim mi trng do sn xut nng ng-hip, tiu th cng nghip v sinh hot gy ra, nn khng thc hin cc ni dung quy nh v qun l cht thi v BVMT. Vn ny c trch nhim ca c quan qun l nh nc v BVMT v chnh quyn a phng cc cp trong khu tuyn truyn, vn ng, ph bin php lut v kim tra, gim st.

0

20

40

60

80

%

Biu 5.1. T l x nng thn t tiu ch mi trng chia theo khu vc

Ngun: Ban ch o Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia xy dng nng thn mi, B NN&PTNT, 2015

125


5.4. NC SCH V V SINH MI TRNG NNG THN

i vi ngi dn vng nng thn, vn nc sch v VSMT l nhu cu thit yu v c u t mnh trong nhng nm qua thng qua Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia nc sch v v sinh mi trng nng thn.

Tnh n ht nm 2014, theo bo co ca B NN-PTNT12, c nc c 84,5% ngi dn nng thn c s dng nc sinh hot hp v sinh. Trong , vng c s dn nng thn c s dng nc hp v sinh cao nht tip tc l ng Nam B vi 94,5%, BSH 91% v BSCL 88%. T l s dn c tip cn nc hp v sinh thp nht vng Bc Trung B (81%) mc d y l vng c s h nng thn cao th 4/7 vng trong ton quc.

12. Bo co s 3000/BC-BNN-TCTL ngy 14/4/2015 ca B NN&PTNT v kt qu thc hin nm 2014 v nh hng k hoch nm 2015 Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia v nc sch v VSMTNT.

Kt qu thc hin ca Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia cho thy, t l s dn c s dng nc hp v sinh tng ng k qua cc nm (84,5% nm 2014 so vi 32% nm 1998), tuy nhin t l dn c nng thn c s dng nc sch cn rt thp, mi ch t 42% theo tiu chun ca B Y t (QCVN 02/2009/BYT). Trong s 84,5% dn s s dng nc hp v sinh, cng ch c khong 32% h dn c s dng nc t cc cng trnh cp nc tp trung, cn li l t cc cng trnh nh l nh: ging o, ging khoan, b cha nc ma... Vic kim tra, m bo cht lng nc cp t cc ngun nu trn cng ang cho cho thy nhiu vn cn tip tc c quan tm gii quyt (Khung 5.4).

Mc d, vn cht lng nc sinh hot nng thn c quan tm trong nhng nm gn y nhng thc t, nng

Ghi ch: (*): ch c s liu bo co ca 5/8 a phng

Biu 5.2. Kt qu thc hin Chng trnh mc tiu quc gia nc sch v v sinh mi trng nng thn

Ngun: B NN&PTNT, 2015

84,5

82

91

81

92,4

83

94,5

88

70 75 80 85 90 95 100

Tng

MNPB

BSH

Bc Trung B

DHMT (*)

Ty Nguyn

ng Nam B

BSCL

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Chuong 5_1