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Issue No. 36 2019

The Journal of The Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor Trouthe and Honour

CHIVALRY

T he most important event of 2018 for the Society was the completion and

dedication of the St Martin commission. The painting, Mar-tin Divides his Cloak, seen here, was painted by Hughie O'Donoghue, a member of the Royal Academy. The painting was dedicated by The Bishop of London on Thursday 19th July 2018 at our Annual Service and is now displayed behind the al-tar in the Knights’ Chapel in the Crypt of St Paul’s Cathe-dral. The painting was commis-sioned by The Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor through the generosity of our members and particularly the Australian Knights. St Martin of Tours, who died in 397 AD, is the Pa-tron Saint of the Imperial Soci-ety and a soldier who showed great charity to a man in win-ter by cutting his cloak in half and giving it to him. Martin later had a dream in which Christ told him that he had been clothed by Martin that day. During the past year, the Society has held four luncheons at our regular venue, The Cavalry & Guards Club, organised a visit to the Laskett Gardens, home of Sir Roy Strong, and in November a banquet in The House of Lords. Finally, on 20th December we held a carol service, which will now become a annual event. At our first luncheon in February, Dame Mary Archer, DBE spoke on a subject close to her heart, The Science Museum. Our speaker in April was due to be Baroness Dean, for-mer trade union leader; however she sadly died just a few weeks before our lunch. At short notice, Professor Alistair Hay, Professor of Environmental Toxicology at the Uni-versity of Leeds, stepped in to give us a fascinating talk which took its theme from the nerve gas attack in Salisbury. In July, our speaker Baroness Deech gave us a stimulat-ing talk which touched on her many interests as an academic, lawyer and bioethicist. Our speaker in October was due to be Jacob Rees-Mogg who sadly had to withdraw at short notice but not before he found a replacement speaker for us, Andrew Gimson, journalist and author. Again, a fascinating and timely talk, given the uncertain political times we live in.

St Martin Divides his Cloak, by Hughie O’Donoghue, now in the Knights’ Chapel in the Crypt of St Paul’s Cathedral

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On 19th November, the Society held a banquet at The House of Lords, hosted by the Knight Presi-dent, Lord Lingfield. Our guest speaker was Sir Paul Nurse, Director of the Crick Institute and No-bel Prize winner. Again, a most stimulating even-ing which ended with a lively debate about the potential impact of Brexit on future scientific re-search. In December we held our first carol service for some years. The service, in The Queen’s Chapel of the Savoy, was conducted by The Reverend Can-on Professor Peter Galloway (Deputy Priest in Or-dinary, Chaplain of The Queen’s Chapel of the Sa-voy, and Provost of the Imperial Society). The Chapel Choir sang beautifully, and the lessons were read by Sir Colin Berry, Sir Jere-my Elwes, Sir Michael Hirst, and Sir Clive Thompson. Following the service we held a short reception. 60 members of the Society and their guests attended.

CHIVALRY

The Knight Bachelor’s Sword

by Sir Roger Fry

Member of the ISKB Council

My grandson has been learning about medieval knights at school and, per-

haps thinking I originated in that era, asked me where I kept my sword. He was clearly astonished to discover that I did not own one! Being of a generous nature he present-ed me with a plastic sword for my next birthday and said he hoped that one day I would be able to own a real one. This was clearly a challenge, so I consulted Lord Lingfield who pointed me in the direc-tion of Pooley Swords in Shoreham-by-Sea in West Sussex. I called their offices and af-ter explaining my objective was invited to

visit their premises, meet Mr Robert Pooley MBE in person and select a suitable one for my purposes.

Sir Colin Berry and Sir Paul Nurse

2019 Events

O ur first speaker in 2019 is Sir Brian Souter, on Wednesday 30th January. Sir Brian, a member of the Society, is the Co-Founder of Stagecoach and active in sponsoring and en-

couraging fledgling businesses in Scotland. On 24th April our speaker will be Sir John Chilcot, GCB, who chaired the inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the Iraq War in 2003. Our speaker on Wednesday 17th July, when we will also be holding our Annual General Meeting, is Sir Martyn Lewis, the former BBC journalist who was knighted in the 2016 New Year’s Hon-ours for voluntary and charitable work, especially for the hospice movement. Our final lunch-eon in 2019 will be on Wednesday 23rd October, and details of our speaker will be confirmed soon.

The Annual Service of Dedication will be held on Thursday 18th July, followed by a reception in Apothecaries’ Hall. The ISKB Carol Service will be in The Queen’s Chapel of the Savoy, fol-lowed by a short reception, on Thursday 19th December. Details of all our events are on page 15 of this edition of Chivalry and on our website: www.iskb.co.uk

The Museum at Pooley Swords

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Mr Pooley was delighted to show me his considerable collection of historic and modern swords, and his ex-tensive workshop where he makes over 1200 swords annually for military and ceremonial purposes in the UK and abroad. The Royal Navy, and Royal Air Forces patterns have been adopted by many other countries including Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and throughout the Commonwealth; as well as those of the Regiments in the British Army. In August 2005 the distinguished sword makers Wilkinson Sword, who had been established for over 200 years ceased trading as sword makers. Robert Pooley, who had been commis-sioning swords from Wilkinson’s for over forty years, purchased from Wilkinson’s their drawings, spares and much of their tooling, including both heavy and light machinery. After the fascinating tour of his workshop and a guid-ed tour of his collection of historic swords, we started to talk about my request. He showed me swords of differing designs used for the Armed Forces and for other people such as Ambassadors, Lords Lieutenant, Police Commanders, Yeoman Warders, and many oth-er offices of state, including the Speaker of the House of Commons. I awaited with growing anticipation for him to reveal to me the design used for knights, but none was shown to me. When I enquired about this I was amazed to learn that we do not have one! Given the history of knighthood and the modern practice of dubbing by the Monarch with a sword, it suddenly seemed to be a glaring omission, and Mr Pooley en-thusiastically agreed. He immediately offered to de-sign one especially for us. It seemed appropriate to accept his offer provisionally

while I consult-ed with the Council of our Imperial Society and with our Knights Principal and President. The question was discussed at a recent meeting and it was agreed to go ahead using as a basis for the design our ceremonial sword Chivalry. This sword made for us by Wilkinson’s Swords is very large and a smaller version is envis-aged. Lord Lingfield has provided Mr Pooley with details of this sword for him to work on a design suitable for those who wish to acquire one. Each one will be engraved with their name, date of appointment and the symbols of a Knight Bachelor. Swords last for centuries, as Mr Pooley pointed out, and are more likely to survive in a family for generations than any document accrediting one’s status. My grand-son will no doubt be pleased to inherit, one day, the sword I plan to acquire.

Further details of the Knight Bachelor Sword, and how to purchase it, will be published later this year.

Robert Pooley MBE and a member of his staff, at the company’s headquarters in

Shoreham

Sir Michael Hirst carrying ‘Chivalry’

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KNIGHTLY MONUMENTS by

The Right Honourable Sir Tony Baldry, DL Member of the ISKB Council

The Normans were extremely successful invaders. The land law that they introduced into England remained largely unchanged until the Law of Property Act 1925. A key building block of their land law and occupation was The Manor, and the vast majority of churches that were built between 1066 and the Black Death of 1350 were Manor churches. Many of our Parish Churches still retain funerary monu-ments to Knights. These canopied tombs enable us to understand the ar-chitecture of any particular period; they form an almost complete sequence of the costumes worn by Knights, the evolution of defensive armour as a result of new methods of warfare, and an unrivalled record of the his-tory of heraldry. The monuments of Knights in our Parish Churches and Cathedrals tell the histories and tragedies of the families represented.

Families, such as the de la Poles. William de la Pole, Mayor of Hull in 1339, provided a fortune to fund Edward III’s military campaigns, and was made a Knight Banneret for his loyalty and service. His eldest son, Sir Michael, was a merchant sol-dier, diplomat, lawyer and governor of Calais. In turn, his son died at Harfleur, and a grandson of Sir Michael’s was killed a month later at Agincourt. Later generations of the de la Poles allied them-selves to the House of York and so their future was cut short by the Battle of Bosworth which sealed the fate of the Yorkist cause, and the Tudors, once established, set systematically to exterminate all the relatives of the House of Plantagenet, including the de la Poles. The history of this family can still be found in funer-ary monuments from Holy Trinity Church in Hull where there is an alabaster effigy to Sir William de la Pole, to Wingfield in Suffolk, where there is a wooden effigy to his son. Throughout our medieval Parish Churches, one will find chest tombs surmounted by effigies of dead Knights, and often their wives, telling the stories. These effigies give us examples of knightly costume during the Crusades, the wars of Edward III, Crecy

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and Poitiers and Henry V’s Agin-court, and the Wars of the Roses. By and large the tombs of Knights of this period were a façade on which to exhibit representations of the skulls and skeletons that lurked beneath, but in due course, as the centuries passed, people wanted funerary monuments which would be structured to hide or divert attention from the grim prospect of mortal frailty.

Remember, Man, as thou goes by

As thou art now, so once was I. As I am now, so shalt thou be.

Remember, Man, that thou must die

So the next great flowering of church monuments was in the 1700s, with the development of funerary monuments, with sculptures designed by such as Grinling Gibbons, Nicholas Hawksmoor, and William Hogarth. These are large and heroic monuments, usually in marble. These monuments celebrate a wider group of people, Admirals and Generals, but also entrepreneurs and merchants, such as, for example, Sir Samuel Ongley, a linen draper who over a long life had made a huge fortune, and had made his “plentiful estate” by dint of “indefatigable industry”. So huge is his mon-ument that a portion of the seating in his Parish Church had to

be removed to make way. These monu-ments are grand statements of the wealth and influence of those who have died. From the 20th century onwards, Knights’ monuments have been much more a matter of de-sign, typeface and wording – single engraved and designed tablets lying flush with the church wall – their designs reflecting the increasing diversity of those who had been awarded Knighthoods. I think today for a Chancellor to be persuaded to grant a faculty for any memorial within a church ded-icated to a particular individual, there would be a need to show a strong local connection. Sir Tony Baldry is Chair of the Church Buildings Council, which is the statutory body which looks after the care and maintenance of England’s 16,000 Parish Churches.

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ANNUAL SERVICE

Thursday 19th July 2018

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ANNUAL SERVICE

Thursday 19th July 2018

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ANNUAL RECEPTION

Thursday 19th July 2018

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SCOTTISH DIVISION

The Annual Dinner of the Scottish Division took place in the Royal Society of Edin-burgh on 18th April 2018. Although numbers attending were down on previous

years, the event generated a generous surplus for the Society's charitable activities. Sir Mi-chael Hirst was in the chair, and Sir Iain Macmillan, CBE, DL was the guest speaker. On 7th November 2018, the annual Ladies Lunch took place in the Western Club, Glasgow and was attended by 18 Ladies. Donations from the Ladies and others unable to attend helped to swell the net surplus on the event to the record amount of £1,840. The lunch was organised as usual by Naomi Hirst, wife of the Chairman of the Scottish Division. The Scottish Division thanks the Knights and Ladies living in Scotland for their generosity in raising these amounts for families in distress.

Sir Michael Hirst Chairman, Scottish Division

ANNUAL RECEPTION Thursday 19th July 2018

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The DEAN’S Sermon

Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor Annual Service of Dedication Thursday 19th July 2018

The Very Reverend Dr David Ison Dean of St Paul’s Cathedral

L ast Friday morning we had our Cathedral School speech day with special guest Lord Robert Winston, the great pioneer of em-bryo medicine. He was introduced by the Headmaster, who said

that a young girl in the school had asked the question, what’s the dif-ference between a Lord and a Duke? and that Lord Winston was go-ing to tell her.

So Lord Winston, who is relatively short of stature, went up to the microphone, and said, "Well, unlike lords, dukes are there because of their genetics. In addition dukes are tall and handsome, and are very well-behaved, which is not necessarily true of lords, and moreover in my experience dukes like to look stupid but are actually very clever, whereas lords like to look clever….' and then he went on to talk about other things.

Today we welcome Sir Christopher Greenwood and Sir David Crausby to make their profession of allegiance and faith as they affirm their knightly vows. And if you want to know the difference between a knight and a lord or a duke, it’s the vows that make the difference. Awards of knighthood are given for many reasons, but the purpose of them is to encourage positive behaviour. In the middle ages being knighted wasn’t only about valour in battle, but about encouraging loyalty and good behaviour, strengthened by sol-emn vows, by hot-headed lusty young men who might otherwise prefer violence to virtue.

So what does a knight look like? We’re doing something unique and special here today in dedi-cating the picture by Hughie O’Donoghue, called St Martin Divides his Cloak. It’s a remarkable painting, and the Imperial Society is to be much applauded for commissioning such a beautiful artwork that not only fits so well in its context round the corner there at the east end of the south crypt aisle, as a beacon marking out the ISKB Chapel, but also as a faithful re-imagining of the story of St Martin.

If you haven’t already seen it, do visit the painting afterwards. Go and look Hughie O’Donoghue’s picture of St Martin in the face. By showing us Martin, the picture shows us what a knight should look like; but un-like more traditional pictures of Martin, it’s not historically limited or hierarchical. There’s little in the picture to date its characters: it could be depicting something that happened two thousand years ago, or yesterday.

Traditionally, Martin is shown on a horse, clad in imagined Roman armour and clothing, leaning down to give a beggar half of his cloak - a picture of a patronising noble doing

good to the poor. And yes, Martin was in the Roman Army in his formative years, also because of his genetics – he was the son of a cavalry officer, and so was expected to follow his father into the ar-my. And maybe he was tall and handsome too. But unlike the normal ideal of a knight, he refused to fight, being prepared to go into battle unarmed at the head of his troops. And unlike a well-clad noble riding on a horse, his encounter with a naked beggar came at the end of a cold winter day when he’d decided to walk around town and give away his surplus clothing to those who needed it, and all Martin had left was his sword and his cloak – and his weapon of war became an

Sir Christopher Greenwood

Sir David Crausby

The Dean of St Paul’s

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instrument of charity, so that he and the destitute man were equally clothed, as they were equal before God.

Why did Martin do it? Why should knights behave in such a way? A thousand or more years be-fore Martin lived, someone was writing the words which Sir Colin Berry read to us earlier on, from the book of Deuteronomy Chapter 15. Like the traditional picture of Martin, this assumes that the well-off have a duty to give to their poor neighbours. It has the idea behind it of there being limited resources and goods in society, and that accumulating wealth is a denial of soli-darity with other members of the community. And there was also the reality that, in an uncer-tain world with no welfare state, to be liberal and ungrudging when you’re prosperous will en-courage others to be liberal to you when you’ve fallen on hard times.

But Martin’s knightly ethics were more radical and communal even than this. He gave, not out of abundance, not as one who patronises; he gave as an equal. He identified with his needy neighbour and put himself on a par with him.

Sir Michael Hirst’s reading from Chapter 25 of Matthew’s Gospel is a part of Jesus’s parable about the last judgement. There’s a heavenly reward for those who care for others in need, in-cluding, as with Martin, seeing people naked and clothing them. But there’s an added twist: this radical charity is personalised as being done in relationship with Jesus Christ. The poor are his brothers and sisters, his community, his body. Their needs are his needs. There’s a strong sense here of the whole human community being one body – as Christians say sometimes at the Eucharist ‘we who are many are one body, because we all share in the one bread’. And what affects one part of the body affects all. Charity is not something that a superior does to an inferior. Charity is one person sharing equally with another what that other needs, not tow-ering over them but standing alongside them. Charity is looking into the face of someone in need and finding there the face of Jesus Christ.

I’m not sure that Lord Winston was right in suggesting that it’s dukes that are tall and hand-some: surely knights have their share of that too? For in reality, dukes as well as lords and knights are a mixed bunch. And what should mark out you as knights isn’t your physical ap-pearance, wit or intelligence (though I’m sure you will have plenty of those) but your commit-ment to a way of life which, in the words of your affirmation, is to maintain and defend duty to God and neighbour, and to the service of my neighbour. And my neighbour is not beneath me, but alongside me; it’s my neighbour who helps me to find the love of God for myself, as well as for others.

Here’s some of the story of Martin’s encounter with a beggar at Amiens in France, written by someone deeply affected by his later Christian ministry:

A poor man destitute of clothing was entreating those that passed by to have compassion upon him, but all passed the wretched man without

notice, when Martin, that man full of God, recognized that this human being, to whom oth-ers showed no pity, was given to him to help. But he had nothing except the cloak in which he was clad, for he had already helped others by giving them the rest of his gar-ments. So taking his sword he divided his cloak into two equal parts, and gave one part to the poor man, while he clothed himself with the remainder. Some of the by-standers laughed, because he was now an unsightly object, partly dressed. Many, however, of deeper understanding, groaned deeply because they themselves had done nothing similar, when being possessed of more than Martin, they could have clothed the poor man without reducing themselves to nakedness. That night, Martin had a vision of Christ wearing that part of his cloak with which he had clothed the poor man, and heard Jesus saying to the multitude of angels standing round— “Martin, who is but a new Christian, clothed me with this robe”.’

So may God bless and guide you as you follow St Martin in walking the way of radical love with the community and body of Christ, true to your calling, doing God’s will of love with a pure heart and ready mind, to the furtherance of God’s Kingdom.

This year’s Annual Service will take place on Thursday 18th July 2019, and the sermon will be given by our Prelate, The Rt. Revd. & Rt. Hon. Dame Sarah Mullally DBE, The Bishop of London.

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The Hon Sir William Aldous

1936-2018

Sir Peter Burt 1944-2017

Sir Peter Carr, CBE, DL 1930-2017

Sir Lawrence Byford CBE, QPM, DL

1925-2018

Sir Gerald Elliot 1923-2018

Sir Arnold Elton, CBE

1920-2018

Sir Richard Greenbury 1936-2017

Sir Ian Denholm, CBE, DL 1927-2018

Sir Alex Ferguson 1949-2018

Obituaries

It is with the deepest regret that we record the deaths of the following distinguished Knights Bachelor

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Obituaries

It is with the deepest regret that we record the deaths of the following distinguished Knights Bachelor

Sir William Hastings, CBE

1928-2017

Sir John Manduell 1928-2017

Sir Peter Miller 1930-2018

Sir Eric McClintock 1918-2018

Sir Eric McDowell 1925-2017

Sir Donald Irvine 1935-2018

Sir Derrick Holden-Brown

1923-2018

Sir Dennis Landau 1927-2018

Sir Patrick Goodman GNZM, CBE 1929 -2017

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Sir Adrian Swire, DL 1932-2018

Sir Cyril Taylor, GBE 1935-2018

Lord Sutherland of Houndwood

1941-2018

Sir Keith Speed 1934 –2018

Rt. Hon. Sir Desmond de Silva, QC

1939-2018

Sir Peter Reynolds, CBE 1929-2017

Professor Sir Kenneth Stuart

1920-2017

Sir Vidia Naipaul 1932-2018

Sir Jack Zunz 1923-2018

Obituaries

It is with the deepest regret that we record the deaths of the following distinguished Knights Bachelor

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The Society’s Calligrapher

Henrietta Webb has worked as calligrapher and heraldic painter to the Society since 2004, and before that worked in a similar capacity at the College of Arms. Henrietta accepts commissions to paint coats of arms on paper, vellum or wooden shields. Henri-etta also produces illustrated family trees and line drawings of coats of arms and crests to be used for book-plates, stationery and invitations. Henrietta’s contact details are:

Email: henriettawebb@gmail.com Mobile: 07958673474

The Knight Bachelor’s Certificate and

Vow-Taker’s Certificate

Members are reminded that the Knight Bache-lor’s Certificate and Vow-Taker’s Certificate are both available from the office and via our callig-rapher who will add your personal details to these beautiful scrolls. The cost of a certificate, including posting and packing, is £75.

The Genealogist

Knights Bachelor may obtain advice con-cerning the acquisition of an enhanced coat-of-arms through our genealogist, Robert Noel, Esq. (Lancaster Herald). Robert can also advise on the wearing of insignia on various occasions and other related matters. Robert may be contacted via the Society or direct:

Robert Noel Esq.,

Lancaster Herald, College of Arms Queen Victoria Street

London, EC4V 4BT Email: robertjb.noel@gmail.com

Tel: 020 7329 2044

ISKB EVENTS—2019

LUNCHEONS AT THE LUNCHEON CAVALRY & GUARDS CLUB

Wednesday 30th January 2019. Speaker: Sir Brian Souter, Scottish businessman, philan-thropist, and co-founder of the Stagecoach Group of bus and rail operators.

Wednesday 24th April 2019. Speaker: The Rt Hon Sir John Chilcot, GCB, retired civil serv-ant and Chairman of the Chilcot Inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the Iraq War in 2003.

Wednesday 17th July 2019 (to include AGM at 12 noon). Speaker: Sir Martyn Lewis, former television news presenter and journalist, and now active in the charity sector.

Wednesday 23rd October 2019. Speaker: TBC

If you wish to attend any of these luncheons, please complete the enclosed application form and return with payment (£58 a head; cheque or BACs transfer) to the ISKB office. Guests are most welcome. All applications will be acknowledged. Luncheons commence at 12:30 with drinks, and are normally over by 14:45.

ANNUAL SERVICE OF DEDICATION AND RECEPTION

Thursday 18th July 2019. The Annual Service takes place in the Knights’ Chapel, Crypt of St Paul’s Cathedral, commencing at 11am. The sermon will be given by The Bishop of London, and the service will be followed by a reception at Apothecaries’ Hall. Guests are most wel-come. Further details and booking forms will be published on the website and sent to Mem-bers in Spring 2019.

ISKB CAROL SERVICE AT THE QUEEN’S CHAPEL OF THE SAVOY Thursday 19th December 2019. The service will be conducted by The Reverend Canon Pro-fessor Peter Galloway (Deputy Priest in Ordinary, Chaplain of The Queen’s Chapel of the Sa-voy, and Provost of the Imperial Society). The service will be at 6.00pm, followed by a short reception. Guests are most welcome. Further details to follow.

ISKB Ribbon

The office can supply new lengths of gold and scarlet ribbon for neck badges (1) at a cost of £5 per length including postage. We have a lim-ited supply of replacement fastenings at a cost of £1 each; however the existing hook and eyes for fixing can be transferred to the new ribbon. We also supply the wider ribbon (2) which members may wish to consider using for adorn-ing their panama hats. Price £5 per length in-cluding postage.

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2

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New Members

The Society welcomes the following new members

who have joined in 2018:

Sir Leonard Blavatnik The Hon Sir Simon Bryan Sir Lloyd Dorfman, CBE

Sir Barry Gibb, CBE The Hon Sir Julian Goose

Sir Anthony Habgood Professor Sir David Haslam, CBE, FRCP, FRCGP

Professor Sir James Hough, OBE, FRS,FRSE,FInstP, FRAS

Sir Richard Long Sir Timothy Melville-Ross, CBE Sir Kenneth Olisa, OBE, CStJ

Sir Andrew Parmley Sir Trevor Pears

Sir James Ratcliffe Sir Mark Rowley, QPM

Sir Martin Spencer Professor Sir Terence Stephenson, DM FRCPH. FRCP The Very Reverend Professor Iain Torrance, Knight

Sir William Wright, CBE

Legacies and Bequests

Members are reminded that the Imperial Socie-ty is a charity, and we welcome legacies or be-quests. There are several ways of supporting the Society in your will, and in most cases this will require no more than the insertion of a short codicil. A simple form of legacy might in-clude the following wording:

‘I hereby bequeath to the trustees of The Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor (Registered Charity No. 294638) the sum of: £………the Receipt of the Treasurer of the said Imperial Society or other proper Officer thereof to be a good discharge for my executors’.

In more complicated cases the Imperial Socie-ty’s Treasurer will gladly arrange for the Socie-ty’s solicitor to discuss the matter with your professional advisers. In the first instance, please contact The Clerk for further guidance.

The Imperial Society of Knights Bachelor Magnesia House,

6 Playhouse Yard, London, EC4V 5EX

Telephone: 020 7248 1725 Email: clerk@iskb.co.uk Website: www.iskb.co.uk

Registered Charity No. 294638

The Society’s Merchandise We sell a range of items direct from our office, including ISKB ties, the breast badge (see above), lapel badges, and certificates. Further details, along with information about our two official suppliers, the Worcestershire Medal Service and Cleave & Co, may be found in the Members’ area on our website www.iskb.co.uk (log-on details available from The Clerk)

The Knight Bachelor Breast Badge

The Society’s breast badge follows the pattern laid down by Royal War-rant of 1926) and is avail-able for purchase from the ISKB office, at a cost of £650 (+ postage & pack-ing by recorded delivery). The breast badge, which measures 8 x 6 cm, is of silver gilt and enam-el hallmarked at Gold-smiths’ Hall, and comes in a beautiful presentation case. The breast badge may be worn as well as the neck badge with evening dress, dinner jacket or uniform, as if it is an Order star. With morning coat only one or the other may be worn.

Who’s Who & Who Was Who

Members are reminded that membership in-cludes full on-line access to Who’s Who and Who Was Who.

Who's Who is the leading source of up-to-date information about over 35,000 influential peo-ple from all walks of life, worldwide. It contains autobiographical listings of people who have an impact on British life, including senior politi-cians, judges, civil servants, and notable fig-ures from the arts, academia, and other areas; it is seen as one of the world's most recog-nised and respected works of reference. The online edition of Who's Who is built for bio-graphical searching making it a valuable re-source for anyone concerned with British his-tory and culture, as well as charities, alumni, politicians and journalists.

Who Was Who is an invaluable historical ar-chive going back to 1897, which includes the entries of over 94,000 people, now deceased, who were included in previous editions of Who's Who. Please contact The Clerk for log-on details.