Modern MANDARIN CHINESE G rallllllar

ORKBOOK Claudia Ross, jing-heng Sheng Ma and Baozhang He

I~ ~~~;!up

First published 26 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX 14 4RN

Simultaneously published in the USA and Cana

Contents

Introduction lX How to use this book XI

Structures 1

1 Overview of pronunciation and Pinyin romanization 3

2 Syllable, meanin g, and word 4 3 The Chinese writing system: an overview 5 4 Phrase order in the Mandarin sentence 7 5 Nouns 10 6 Numbers 11 7 Specifiers and demonstratives 15 8 Classifiers 17 9 Noun phrases 20

10 Adjectival verbs 24 11 Stative verbs 26 12 10dal verbs 28 13 Action verbs 31 14 Prepositions and prepositional phrases 33 15 Adverbs 36 16 Conjunctions 38 17 The passive 39

CONTENTS

Situations and functions 41

18 Names, kinship terms, titles, and terms of address 43

19 Introductions 45 20 Greetings and goodbyes 47 21 Basic strategies for communication 49 22 Telecommunications and e-communications:

telephones, the intemet, beepers, and faxes 51 23 Negating information 53 24 Asking questions and replying to questions 55 25 Expressing identification, possession,

and existence 61 26 Describing people, places, and things 64 27 Describing how actions are performed 66 28 Indicating result, conclusion, potential,

and extent 69 29 Making comparisons 74 30 Talking about the present 79 31 Talking about habitual actions 82 32 Talking about the future 84 33 Indicating completion and talking

about the past 87 34 Talking about change, new situations,

and changing situations 92 35 Talking about duration and frequency 96 36 Expressing additional information 100 37 Expressing contrast 102 38 Expressing sequence 106 39 Expressing simultaneous situations 109 40 Expressing cause and effect or reason

and result 112

Contents

41 Expressing conditions 116 42 Expressing'both,''alI,' e'er vheow' 'any,' 'none,'

'not any,' and 'no matt 118 43 Expressing location and distance 122 44Talking oaf bout movement, directions, and

means of transportatiton 125 45 Talking about clock time and calendar time 128 46 Expressing obligations and prohibitions 133 47 Expressing commands and permission 135 48 Expressing ability and possibility 138 49 Expressing desires, needs, preferences,

and willilngness 141 50 Expressing knowledge, advice, and opinions 143 51 Expressing fear, worry, anxiety, and bad news 146 52 Expressing speaker attitudes and perspectives 148 53 Topic, focus, and emphasis 150 54 Guest and host 155 55 Giving and responding to compliments 156 56 Expressing satisfaction and dissatisfaction 158 57 Expressing gorf atitude and respondtng to

expressions of gratitude 160 58 Invitations, requests, and refusals 162 59 Expressing apologies, regrets, and sympathy 165 60 Expressing congratulations and good wishes 167

Answer key 169 Index 261

Introduction

Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook is a companion to Morlern Mandarin Chinese Grammar and is designed to help you to strengthen your command of Mandarin Chinese. It can be used alongside a Chinese language textbook in a regular language program, or as review material for self study The Answer Key at the end of the book allows you to check your answers as you work through the exercises. Exercises in the Workbook are graded in terms of level of difficulty, making the book approp riate for near-beginners as well as Mandarin learners at the advanced level in a high school or university program. Instructions are written in English, and all exercises are presented in simplified and traditional characters and Pinyin romanization. The Workbook focuses on the major structural patterns and commul1ication strategies used in Mandarin Chinese. Exercises focusing on structure are presented in Part A 'Structures' and those focusing on communication are presented in Part B 'Situations and functions.' Since successful communication iS built in part o n structural accuracy, there is overlap between the two sections. We recommend that as you work on situations and functions in Part B, you also practice the related structure exercises in Part A. For example, when working on Chapters 43 'Expressing location and distance' and 44 'Talking about movement, directions, and means of transportation,' you should also work through the structure exercises involving prepositions in Part A. Use the table of contents to find exercises for specic structures or general communication tasks. Consult the Index for exercises focusing on

specic topics such as illness, or the weather, or reciting telephone numbers. FOllow the cross-ceferences to Modem Mandarin Chinese Grmmar for xplanations about structUIe and usage. Chinese language study is an interesting journey. We hope that Modem Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook and Modern Mandarin Chin;e Grammar are helpful in your navigation, and wish you enjoyment and success as you develop your language skills.

C laudia Ross jing-heng Sheng Ma

Baozhang He December 2005

How to use this book

Ne have written ls book as a companion to Modern Mandarin Cl1 illese Grammar to provide practice with the major structures and functions of Mandarin Chines'e. Use it to strengthen your grammatical skills and your ability to communicate in Mandarin. The presentation of material follows the order of presentation in Modem Mandarin Cl1inese Grammar. You can work on the chapters in any order, selecting chapters that focus on the structures and functions that address your specic needs. This 'orkbook is divided into two parts. Part A focuses on structures. If you want to focus on basic structures such as the formation of numbers, or nOlln modification, or the phrase order of the Mandarin sentence, yOll ShOllld select exercises in Part A. Part A also includes some practice with Pinyin romanization, and some activities involving Chinese characters that will help yOll to llse a Chinese dictionary. Part B, 'Sitllations and functions,' focuses on communication. When you want to practice giving an opinion, or politely refusing a request, or talking abou t the past, you ShOllld select exercises from Part B. You can work on related structures as you practice communicative tasks. For example, when practicing talking about t he past you may wish to consu lt the chapters on verbs in Part A. The exercises in each chapter are graded according to level of difficulty. One star (*) exercises are the easiest and taIget discrete language structures o r functions. Two star (....) exercises are more challenging, and three star (***) exercises provide the greatest level of challenge in the book, typically focusing on language functions and incorporating many dierentgrammatical structures Each exercise in the Modern Mandarn Chinese Grammar Workbook is followed by one or more n umbers indicating the section(s) of the Grammar in which the relevant structures or functions are discussed. For example, the number 30.2 following an exercise indicates that the exercise targets the material presented in Chapter 30, section 2. You should study the presentaton in the Grammar before completing the relevant activities in the Workbook. T his Workbook includes an alphabetical Index to help you to locate exercises that focus on particular structures or functions. The numbers following each item in the Index indicate the sections of the Workbook in which activities are presented. Fil1111y, 111 Al1~wer Key b prvie 1t the e l1 uf the buk. Check tlile 1l1~wer key only after you have completed each activity!

Structures

t Overview of pronunciation and Pinyin romanization Put the tone mark over the approp riate vowel a . xian (1) e. tou (2) b. bie (2) f. huai (4) c. xuan (3) g. chui (1) d. yue (4) h. zao (3) 1 1.2.1

Rewrite these sentences and phrases to indicate the changed tones in natural speech.

Example: ni h o n ho a . Xio Li b. w b ylz c. Nr yu gu ma? d. W hnho.e. T Y xing mi bL f. w xing mi sh. g. T yu ji g pngyou. h. wshw ben sh

t..:> I 1.1.3 Correct the Pinyin spelling for each of the following words and syllables. a. kwai b. uan c. pengyow d. quian e. dwo 1 1.1.1 1.1.2, 1.2.2

f. e g. shuesheng h . jungguo i. hsiao J. lao

2 Syllable, meaning, and word Rewrite these sentences and phrases to indicate the changed tones in natural speech.

Example: y tio y tio a. y tio l yl ge ren b. b ti gu g. y sh hur c. y kui qin h. y hng d. y mn k I y b dinyIng e. y. su fngzi

I 2.3 b cu

3 The Chinese writing system: an overvlew Using a traditional character dictionary as your reference, circle the radical in each of the following characters.

Example: I f.

DH-L

abede

3 .2.1 Using a simplified character dictionary as your reference, circle the Iadical in each of the following characters.

L

g. h.

abcde

3 .2.1 c!> [ndcate the total number of strokes n each of the following characters.

7 Example: e. abed

g.

3.4

Consult a dictionary to find the simplied character that corresponds to each of the following traditional characters. Write each simplied character beside the corresponding traditional character.

Example: = f. g.

h. i. j.

5RUCTURES

abcd

3.1 Look up the foJJowing characters in a dictionaly and identiiy the shared pronunciation in each group. Arrange the characters according to their common phonetic.

. . .

Group 5 Group 4 Group 3 Group 2 Group 1

3.2.2 r:>

4 Phrase order in the Mandarin sentence Underline the main verb and bracket the main nouns (the ones that serve as subject and direct object) in the following Mandarin sentences.

Example: U] [] (] {][] ([T] gi[w] [y b~n sh].

(HeJ lli [me) [ol1e book). a.

Wzutin gn pngyou chf le wufn. Yesterday T ate /III1CI7 witl7 friends.

b. W de ddi meitin kn dinsh. My younger brother watches te/evisiol'1 every day.

C. ??Zhnggu de dxushng ye shng wng ma? 00 Cl7inese university students a/so surf tl7e web?

d. Chng II de shudin yu hen du wigu shu. Tl7e bookstore in tl7e city l7as a J'ot of foreign bks.

e.

I 4.1

W jntin xiwu zi gngJn de mnku deng nL I'JJ wait for you at tl7e park gate tl7is afl:ernoon.

5RUCTURE5

Underline the prepositional phrases in the following Mandarin sentences. Example:

T I!'.n t de n Dn l!Vou chwnfn.He eats dinner with h i.s 'l'irliend.

a. W gei nainai xie le xn. T wrote a letter to my grandma.

b. W du xnlx1!.l hen yu xngq. 1 am very interested in psy1101ogy.

c. W hen xIhuan gn pngyou q wn 1 really like to go out with my friends.

d. ' Yoshi nI mng, w kyI t ni zu zh jin sh. lf you are busy T can do that for you.

e. ?

I 4.3

{?NI shnme shhu do w ji li? When are 'Ou coming to my house?

The following sentences and phrases include 'time when' expressions, location expressions, and prepositional phrases. Rewrite the Mandari n sentences, putting the phrases in the correct order to convey the meanings in the English translations. a.

EW xu le Zhngwn qnin zi Zhnggu. 1 studied Chinese last year in China.

b. Meitin du w pngdo t zi xusheng zhngxn. T run into him every day in the student center.

c. ??Ni xiing jihn gn shnme yng de rn jingli? What kind of person do you plan marry in the fure?

Phrase order in the Mandarin sentence

d. T d le dinh u zutin wnshang gi w. Last night he phoned me.

e. l1\'jGn t t qing w q kn dinying libi li. He il1vited me to go see a movie with him 011 Saturday.

c:> I 4.3, 4.4, 4.5, 4.6