770 OLR(1983)30(10)

the Arctic atmosphere is limited to winter when atmospheric conditions favor long-distance transport of polluted air masses from Europe. Unexpectedly low mean levels of 0.4 rig/kg Cd, 13 rig/kg Pb, 20 rig/kg Cu and 22 rig/kg Ni were found in freshly fallen snow-levels an order of magnitude lower than those in annual condensed layers. Inst. of Appl. Phys. Chem., Nuclear Res. Center, (KFA), P.O. 1913, D-5170 Juelich, FRG.

835690 Singh, H.B., L.J. Salas and R.E. Stiles, 1983. Selected

man-made hafogenated chemicals in the air and oceanic environment. J. geophys. Res., 88(C6): 3675-3683. Atmos. Sci. Center, SRI Intl., Menlo Park, Calif. 94025, USA.

B440. Books, collections (general)

835691 Keeling, C.D. and R.J. Cicerone (eds.), 1981183.

Bern CO, symposium. September 14-18, 1981 at the University of Bern. Special issue. J. geophys. Res., 88(C6):3579-3646; 6 papers.

Participants at this symposium concerned them- selves not with possible effects of increasing atmos- pheric CO, but with its actual measured rise and distribution in the biosphere. Specifically, papers addressed global distribution, background obser- vations and modelling; oceanic uptake of excess CO,; the tree ring C-13 record; atmospheric bomb- produced C- 14; and CO, exchange across the air-sea interface. (slr)

C. CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

(210. Apparatus and methods

83:5692 Batley, G.E., 1983. Electroanalytical techniques for

the determination of heavy metals in seawater. Mar. Chem., 12(2/3):107-l 17.

ASV, potentiometric stripping analysis, and related techniques are examined; seawater’s low metal concentrations are discussed in the context of previous results; and the possibilities for further detection limit reductions through instrument mod- ification and multi-scan techniques are considered. CSIRO Div. of Energy, Chem., Lucas Hts., NSW, Australia. (bwt)

83:5693 Brihaye, C., G. Gillain and G. Duyckaerts, 1983.

Determination of traces of metals by anodic stripping voltammetry at a rotating glassy carbon ring-disc electrode. III. Cadmium, lead and copper in pure water and high-purity sodium chloride; cadmium, lead, copper, antimony and bismuth in seawater. Analytica chim. Acta, 148:51-57. Duyckaerts: Lab. de Chim. Analyt.,

Univ. de Liege au Sart Tilman, B6, B-4000 Liege, Belgium.

835694 Quinby-Hunt, M.S. and K.K. Turekian, 1983. The

oceanography report. Distribution of elements in seawater. Eos, 64( 14): 130- 13 1.

Presented here are 2 tables which summarize the known behavior and concentrations of elements in seawater, thereby providing a ‘basis for predicting the composition of elements at any depth or location in the...oceans.’ For conservative elements the relation to chlorinity is reported; for nutrient-related elements the correlation equation and coefficients are presented. ‘The best available data’ on surface, deep water and predicted mean concentrations are summarized in Table 2. Dept. of Paleont., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720, USA. (msg)

835695 Stukas, V.J. and C.S. Wong, 1983. Application of

isotope dilution mass spectrometry to the deter- mination of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Fe and Cr in seawater. Mar. Chem., 12(2/3): 133-146. Seakem Oceanogr. Ltd., 2045 Mills Rd., Sidney, BC V8L 3S1, Canada.

OLR(l983)30(10) C. Chemical Oceanography 771

CllO. Radioactivity, radioisotopes 8356%

Aston, S.R. and SW. Fowler, 1983. Preliminary observations on califomium-252 behaviour in seawater, sediments and zooplankton. Hith Phys., 44(4):359-365.

Radiotracer experiments demonstrated that the Cf particulate fraction approached 45% after four days; Cf rapidly adsorbed onto coastal and deep-sea sediments. The concentration in euphausiids reached near-equilibrium after one week; in contrast, the assimilation from food was very low. Intl. Lab. of Mar. Radioact., Musee Oceanograph., MC 98000, Monaco.

83:5697 Joshi, L.U., M.D. Zingde and B.N. Desai, 1983.

Radiochemical determination of uranium and studies of u4U/u8U and z3sU/usU activity ratios in estuarine sediments of the Mindola River [NW India]. J. rudioanalyt. Chem., 76(1):97-104. Air Monitoring Section, Bhabha Atomic Res. Cen- tre, Bombay 400 085, India.

83:5698 Mangini, A. and R.M. Key, 1983. A q profile in

the Atlantic Ocean. Earth planet. Sci. Letts, 62(3):377-384.

Increasing linearly with depth, Th-230 reaches a maximum of 2.0 dpm/l04 L at 4000 m, a concen- tration 5-fold lower than that in the central Pacific (reflecting either ‘higher scavenging activity at the West African margin [or a] higher particle flux through the water column’). The similarity between the Atlantic and Pacific equilibrium coefficients for dissolved and adsorbed Th-230 supports the equi- librium model of Nozaki et al. (1981) and of Bacon and Anderson (1982). Inst. fur Umweltphysik der Univ. Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D- 6900 Heidelberg, FRG. (msg)

?33:5699 Nydal, Reidar and Knut Lovseth, 1983. Tracing

bomb 14C in the atmosphere 1962-1980. J. geuphys. Res., 88(C6):362 l-3642.

Tropospheric measurements have proved important for testing atmospheric exchange models for indus- trial CO1 and for studying the C cycle. The present paper includes tables of all atmospheric 14C data measured at the Radiological Dating Laboratory of the Norwegian Institute of Technology (Trondheim) during 18 years. Several graphs and a description of sampling locations and contamination problems are

included. Radiol. Dating Lab., Norwegian Inst. of Tech., Trondheim, Norway.

83:5700 Sholkovitz, E.R., 1983. The geochemistry of pluto-

nium in fresh and marine water environments. Earth-Sci. Rev., 19(2):95-161.

The focus in this ‘synthesis and critical examination of currently published data’ is on: (1) biological and geochemical data which support interpretations of Pu geochemistry; (2) Pu chemical forms, reactivity and residence times; and (3) post-depositional remobilization. The author suggests that Pu meas- urements in sediments are poor indicators of post- depositional diagenetic chemistry and recommends that future studies concentrate on pore waters, the overlying water column and the oxidation-state distribution of dissolved Pu. Includes 7 pages of references. WHOI, Woods Hole, Mass. 02543, USA. (w)

C120. Dissolved gases

83:5701 Siegenthaler, Ulrich, 1983. Uptake of excess CO, by

an outcrop-diffusion model of the ocean. J. geophys. Res., 88(C6):3599-3608.

A carbon cycle model, which accounts for direct ventilation of intermediate and deep ocean waters in high latitudes, is an extension of a box-diffusion model including a deep-sea outcrop at the surface. Two calibration methods are compared, using the distribution of natural or bomb-produced r4C; the latter leads to a higher oceanic uptake of excess CO, than the former and to a better agreement with the observed atmospheric increase. Long-term model responses are discussed. Phys. Inst., Univ. of Bern, Switzerland.

KS:5702 Van Es, F.B. and P. Ruardij, 1982. The use of a

model to assess factors affecting the oxygen balance in the water of the Dollard [Wadden Sea]. Neth. J. Sea Res., 15(3/4):313-330.

Spatial and temporal distributions of estuarine oxygen were satisfactorily described by a 1-D transport model. Factors included were transport of 0, reduced N and organic waste; primary produc- tion; oxygen consumption through decomposition; nitrification in the water and sediment; sediment respiration; and reaeration and deaeration. Biol. Centre, Kerklaan 30, 9751 NN Haren, Netherlands. W-ii)

772 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR(l983)30(10)

C130. Organic compounds

83:5703 Harvey, G.R., D.A. Boran, L.A. Chesal and J.M.

Tokar, 1983. The structure of marine fulvic and humic acids. Mar. Chem., 12(2/3): 119-132.

Humus was extracted from seawater for detailed NMR and chemical studies. ‘The proton NMR spectra of [the]...fulvic and humic acids...were remarkably similar and differed mainly in the absence of aromaticity in the fulvics.’ Crosslinked autoxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids are pro- posed as the class of structure for humic substances. NOAA, AOML, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fla. 33149, USA. (msg)

83:5704 Laane, R.W.P.M., 1982. Sources of dissolved organic

carbon in the Ems-Dollard Estuary: the rivers and phytoplankton. Neth. J. Sea Res., 15(3/4):331- 339.

Ems-Dollard DOC is primarily allochthonous, but at high salinities primary production can be a signif- icant source. Quantification of the fresh water versus phytoplankton inputs was achieved by employing the linear relationship between DOC and fluores- cence. Netherlands Inst. for Sea Res., P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. (bwt)

C140. Nutrients 83:5705

Nehring, Dietwart, 1982. [Baltic Sea nutrients: balance and long-term trends.] Beitr. Meeresk., 47:51-93; 3 papers. (In German, English ab- stracts.) Inst. fur Meeresk der AdW, DDR-2530 Restock-Warnemunde, DRG.

C180. Geochemistry, biogeochemistry (See also D-SUBMARINE GEOLOGY AND GEO-

PHYSICS)

83:5706 Banat, I.M. and D.B. Nedwell, 1983. Mechanisms of

turnover of C,C, fatty acids in high-sulphate and low-sulphate anaerobic sediments. FEMS Micro- biol. Lefts, 17( l/3): 107- 110.

‘A fundamental difference in the mechanisms of fatty acid oxidation’ was observed in high- and

low-sulphate environments. In high-sulphate sedi- ments direct fatty acid oxidation by sulphate- reducing bacteria was the dominant process; oxi- dation involving proton reduction and interspecies H transfer was a minor component. In low-sulphate sediments the latter mechanism predominated. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Essex, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK. (msg)

83:5707 Cardoso, J.N. and G. Eglinton, 1983. The use of

hydroxyacids as geochemical indicators. Geochim. cosmochim. Acta, 47(4):723-730.

P-hydroxyacids occurred in Cariaco Trench, Black Sea and Rostherne Mere Recent sediments, consis- tent with their presumed microbial origin; di- and trihydroxyacids were present in the sediments with a significantly higher plant input (Black Sea and Rostherne Mere). Two Eocene sediments contained only trace amounts of hydroxyacids-evidence that hydroxyacids in general are not well preserved over geological time. Inst. of Chem., Fed. Univ. of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

83:5708 Christensen, J.P., 1983. Electron transport system

activity and oxygen consumption in [NW Atlan- tic] --marine sediments. Deep-Sea Res., 30(2A): 183-194.

ETS activities per volume of whole sediment were high in shallow water and decreased with water depth. Associated with the decrease, thickness of oxygenated sediments increased approximately ex- ponentially from - 1 cm in shallow water to >60 cm at 5000 m (published oxygen consumption rates decrease exponentially). Ratios of these published rates to ETS activities integrated over the oxygen- ated strata from the same sites averaged 0.17? 0.030 in shallow-water sediments and decreased with increasing water depth to 0.00036 at 5000 m. The three orders of magnitude decrease may be due to depression of the oxygen consumption rate relative to ETS activity within the deeply buried strata. Bigelow Lab. for Ocean Sci., McKown Pt., West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575, USA.

83:5709 Fletcher, W.K., G.S. Holmes and A.G. Lewis, 1983.

Geochemistry and biological availability of iron and trace elements in the upper Fraser River Estuary [British Columbia]. Mar. Chem., 12(2/3):195-217.

Water samples were collected from the salt wedge and from areas of minimal saline intrusion. The

OLR(l983)30(10) C. Chemical Oceanography 773

biological availability of dissolved metals was de- termined by bioassays with Thalassiosirapseudonana. River-borne particulates mixing with saline waters lost Fe, whereas ‘dissolved’ Fe concentrations increased to 80 ppb in mixed waters of intermediate salinity. Similar trends were found for Co, Cu, Mn and Pb. Dept. of Geol. Sci., Univ. of Br. Columbia, Vancouver 8, BC. Canada. (mjj)

83:5710 Florek, R.J. and G.T. Rowe, 1983. Oxygen con-

sumption and dissolved inorganic nutrient pro- duction in marine coastal and shelf sediments of the Middle Atlantic Bight. Int. Revue ges. Hydro- hiol., 68(1):73-l 12.

Analyses of in-situ and ship-based incubations for benthic oxygen demand and inorganic nutrient release showed that the benthos supplied 42% of total N demand by phytoplankton in seasons when the New York Bight was relatively well stratified, and 13% on Georges Bank where advective and pelagic inputs were important. Estimation of the benthic contribution to the N cycle based on nutrient profiles of sedimentary pore water is incomplete without consideration of metabolic ac- tivity. Wayne State Univ., Detroit, Mich., USA. (mwf)

83:5711 Kyte, F.T. and J.T. Wasson, 1982. Geochemical

constraints on the nature of large accretionary events. Spec. Pap. geol. Sot. Am., 1901235242.

Geochemical data are used to constrain 3 accre- tionary mechanisms-‘accretion from an interstellar cloud, non-impacting accretion of weak materials subjected to tidal and atmospheric disruption, and the impact of dense asteroidal or cometary mate- rials.’ Among the findings: the Cretaceous-Tertiary event generated global fallout and endured Q 1 ka. ‘The siderophile pattern is generally chondritic, but variations...make it impossible to associate the projectile with a specific group of meteorites....Low Mg concentrations and Nd isotopic data argue against a significant mantle component and thus a penetrating oceanic impact by a dense projectile.’ Inst. of Geophys. and Plan. Phys., Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles, Calif. 90024, USA. (msg)

83:5712 Lewis, J.S., G.H. Watkins, Hyman Hartman and

R.G. Prinn, 1982. Chemical consequences of major impact events on Earth. Spec. Pup. geol. Sot. Am., 190:215-221.

The ‘scope of Cretaceous...extinctions and their extraordinary selectivity’ can be explained by a

major extraterrestrial impact which would have produced large amounts of nitrous oxides. Rapid, voluminous nitrous oxide production would cause a severe decrease in pH, the dissolution of calcareous shells and the release of large amounts of CO, to the atmosphere. Dept. of Planet. Sci., Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz. 85721, USA. (msg)

83:5713 Luoma, S.N. and J.A. Davis, 1983. Requirements for

modelling trace metal partitioning in oxidized estuarine sediments. Mar. Chem., 12(2/3): 159- 181.

Partitioning of metals among sediment components greatly influences the biological impact of partic- ulate-bound metals, but this partitioning cannot be directly measured; thus, modelling appears a useful alternative. Model requirements include: laboratory measurements of the metal binding intensities of components coupled with field measurements of their abundance; assessments of the influence of particle coatings and aggregation; data on the effects of Ca and Mg competition; and determinations of the influence of metal redistribution kinetics. Lit- erature on metal-binding is reviewed. USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd., Menlo Park, Calif., USA. (mjj)

83:5714 Montani, Shigeru, Yoshiaki Maita and Shigeru

Fukase, 1982. Possible occurrence of diatom cell wall-derived amino acids in Okhotsk Sea sedi- ments. Geochem. .I., 16(5):259-262. Dept. of Agric. Chem., Kagawa Univ., 761-07, Japan.

83:5715 Short, F.T., 1983. The response of interstitial am-

monium in eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) beds to environmental perturbations [natural and an- thropogenicj. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 68(2): 195- 208.

Eelgrass colonization of unvegetated areas was accompanied by a substantial decrease in the interstitial ammonium pool over a 4-yr period. In field perturbation experiments, removing eelgrass leaves and sealing the sediment surface resulted in a rapid increase in interstitial ammonium concentra- tions. N limitation was observed in some eelgrass beds. Harbor Branch Fd., Inc., R.R. 1, Box 196, Ft. Pierce, Fla. 33450, USA.

83:5716 Windom, H. et al., 1983. Behavior [non-conservative]

of copper in southeastern United States estuaries. Mar. Chem., 12(2/3): 183-193. Skidaway Inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 13687, Savannah, Ga. 3 1406, USA.

174 C. Chemical Oceanography OLR(l983)30(10)

C210. Pollution (see also B350-Atmospheric pollution, Cl IO-Radioactivity, radioiso- topes, E300-Effects of pollution, F250- Waste disposal)

83:5717 Arras Acebal, Simon and A. De L. Rebello, 1983.

Studies on the anodic stripping voltammetry of lead in polluted estuarine waters. Analytica chim. Acta, 148:71-78.

Lead and copper concentrations were quantified for 14 stations in Guanabara Bay (Rio de Janeiro) by ASV in the differential pulse and linear sweep modes. Although limited by lower sensitivity, the linear sweep mode at pH 1.5 proved to be a fast and reliable way to deal with organic compound inter- ferences. Dept. de Quim., Pont. Univ. Catol., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (bwt)

83:5718 Baldi, F., R. Bargagli, S. Focardi and C. Fossi, 1983.

Baseline. Mercury and chlorinated hydrocarbons in sediments from the Bay of Naples and adjacent marine areas. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 14(3):108-l 11. Univ. di Siena, Via delle Cerchia 3, 53100 Siena, Italy.

&3:5719 Beer, Tom, R.B. Humphries and Ron Bouwhuis,

1983. Modelling neat-shore oil slick trajectories. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 14(4): 141-144.

Features of an oil spill trajectory model for Spencer Gulf (South Australia) included: (1) a bias to overestimate environmental damage in sensitive areas; (2) a matrix wind factor to describe wind effects on the oil; (3) verification via linkage of model output statistics with field trials; and (4) validation with a series of experiments 6 months after the original field trials. Natural Sys. Res. Pty Ltd., Hawthorn, Vie., Australia.

83:5720 Brugmann, Lutz, Dietwart Nehring and K.-H.

Rohde, 1980. [Distribution of pollutants in the

Baltic Sea.] Geodrit. geophys. VerCfl, (IV)31: 39pp. (In German.)

83:5721 Dixon, T.J. and T.R. Dixon, 1983. Marine litter

distribution and composition in the North Sea. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 14(4): 145148.

Widespread distribution of marine litter in the surface waters of the North Sea draws attention to the need for implementation of Annexe V of the MARPOL Convention. Serious consideration also should be given to designating the North Sea as a ‘special area’ where the dumping of all garbage from ships, except food wastes, should be prohibited. 46 Hazel Dr., Westhill, Skene, Aberdeenshire, UK.

83:5722 Haddrill, M.V., R. Keffer, G.C. Olivetti, G.B. Polleri

and F. Giovanardi, 1983. Eutrophication prob- lems in Emilia Romagua, Italy. Monitoring the nutrient load discharged to the littoral zone of the Adriatic Sea. Wut. Res., 17(5):483-495. Watson Hawksley, Terriers House, Amersham Rd., High Wycombe, Bucks HP13 5AJ, UK.

83:5723 Herrmann, R. and D. Hubner, 1982. Behaviour of

polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Exe Estuary, Devon. Neth. J. Sea Rex, 15(3/4):362- 390.

Temporal and regional distributions of PAH were investigated in relation to estuarine circulation, resuspension and salinity-regulated flocculation. Data indicate that hydrodynamic factors rather than sorption coefficients influence the PAH distribution; mechanisms such as sedimentation of PAH-sorbed particles in the mixing zone, sediment resuspension, and blending of fluvial with marine inputs are of primary importance. Lehrstuhl fur Hydrologie, P.O. Box 3008, 8580 Bayreuth, FRG. (bwt)

83:5724 Jones, D.M., A.G. Douglas, R.J. Parkes, J. Taylor,

W. Giger and C. Schaffner, 1983. The recog- nition of biodegraded petroleum-derived aromatic hydrocarbons in recent marine sediients. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 14(3): 103-108.

Aromatic hydrocarbon fractions isolated from Sul- lom Voe (Shetland Islands) sediments polluted with

OLR(1983)30(10) C. Chemical Oceanography 775

crude oil exhibit, as the major feature in their gas chromatograms, an unresolved complex mixture or ‘hump.’ Although the hump has little resemblance to the distribution of aromatics in a typical North Sea crude oil, studies show that such a hump appears when oil-spiked sediments are aerobically biode- graded and that alkylaromatics are biodegraded before any change in the normal alkanes is apparent. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.

83:5725 Larsen, P.F., D.F. Gadbois, A.C. Johnson and L.F.

Doggett, 1983. Distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surficial sediments of Casco Bay, Maine. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 30(5):530-535. Bigelow Lab. for Ocean Sci., W. Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575, USA.

83:5726 Maher, W.A., 1983. Use of fluorescence spectroscopy

for monitoring petroleum hydrocarbon contami- nation in estuarine and ocean waters. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 30(4):413-419.

Fluorescence spectroscopy is concluded to be a rapid and effective means for the routine monitoring of petroleum hydrocarbon pollution when fluores- cence emission is measured at 330 nm and 380 nm. Dept. of Physical and Inorganic Chem., Univ. of Adelaide, SA, Australia. (bwt)

83:5727 Robertiello, A., F. Petrucci, L. Angelini and R.

Olivieri, 1983. Nickel and vanadium as biode- gradation monitors of oil pollutants in aquatic environments. Wat. Res., 17(5):497-500.

Flameless AAS was used to verify the hypothesis that any net loss of crude oil components during weathering and biodegradation corresponds to a proportional increase of nickel and vanadium in the oil residue. ASSORENI, 00015 Monterotondo, Rome, Italy.

8X5728 Southgate, T., D.J. Slinn and J.F. Eastham, 1983.

Mine-derived metal pollution in [estuaries of] the Isle of Man. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 14(4):137-140. Dept. of Zool., University Coll., Cork, Ireland.

83:5729 Van Vleet, E.S. and S.B. Reinhardt, 1983. Inputs and

fates of petroleum hydrocarbons in a subtropical marine estuary [Tampa Bay, Florida]. Environ- ment int., 9( 1): 19-26.

The concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons discharged from secondary and tertiary treatment plants in this area were lower than those reported for other treatment plants in temperate regions, and samples from urban storm drains under base flow conditions also were low, indicating that the bay is relatively pristine with respect to petroleum con- tamination. As anthropogenic input of hydrocarbons to this estuary is not likely to be significantly lower than in other urbanized areas, it is suggested that elevated subtropical temperatures result in more rapid degradation or metabolism. Dept. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of So. Florida, 140 Seventh Ave. S., St. Petersburg, Fla. 33701, USA.

83:5730 Voutsinou-Taliadouri, F. and J. Satsmadjis, 1982.

Concentration of some metals in East Aegean sediments. Revue int. Ockanogr. M&d., 66/67:71- 76. Inst. of Oceanogr. and Fish. Res., Agios Kosmas, Athens, Greece.

C280. Books, collections (general)

835731 Batley, G.E. et al., 1981183. Symposium on marine

chemistry, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, June 1981. Special issue. Mar. Chem., 12(2/3):105- 239; 7 papers + 21 abstracts.

The 7 papers and 21 abstracts include reports on analytical methods, natural marine products, and estuarine chemical processes. Among the specific topics: heavy metal determinations using electro- analytical techniques and isotope dilution MS; fulvic and humic acid structure; and trace metal parti- tioning, Fe and trace element availability. and Cu behavior in estuaries. Selected abstracts concern organic compound extraction; the simultaneous determination of Cd, Fe and Mn; invertebrate steroid chemistry; algal products; dissolved Al behavior during sediment-seawater interactions; and levels, origins and chemical forms of organic sele- nium. (msg)