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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

The practice of instructing peopleThe practice of instructing peopleand communities in the principles ofand communities in the principles ofh giene and in !a s of a"oidingh giene and in !a s of a"oidingdisease is a "er ancient one.disease is a "er ancient one.

#n elementar stud of the histor of #n elementar stud of the histor ofmedicine re"eals that since timemedicine re"eals that since time

immemorial it has been considered aimmemorial it has been considered anecessit to instruct communities in healthnecessit to instruct communities in healthmatters for their protection and sur"i"al.matters for their protection and sur"i"al.

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D$%INITION&D$%INITION&

The National Conference on 're"enti"eThe National Conference on 're"enti"e(edicine )U*(edicine )U*

+ealth education is a process !hich informs,+ealth education is a process !hich informs,moti"ate and helps people to adopt and maintainmoti"ate and helps people to adopt and maintainhealth practices and life st les ad"ocateshealth practices and life st les ad"ocates

en"ironmental changes as needed to facilitateen"ironmental changes as needed to facilitatethis goal and conducts professional training andthis goal and conducts professional training andresearch to the same end.research to the same end.

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+O Definition+O Definition

+ealth education, li e general education,+ealth education, li e general education,is concerned !ith changes in no!ledge,is concerned !ith changes in no!ledge,feelings and beha"iour of people.In itsfeelings and beha"iour of people.In itsmost usual forms, it concentrates onmost usual forms, it concentrates on

de"oloping such health practices as arede"oloping such health practices as arebelie"ed to bring about the best possiblebelie"ed to bring about the best possiblestate of !ell being.state of !ell being.

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#I(& O% +$#0T+ $DUC#TION #I(& O% +$#0T+ $DUC#TION

To inform the general public of the principles ofTo inform the general public of the principles ofph sical and mental h giene and methods ofph sical and mental h giene and methods ofpre"enting a"oidable diseases.pre"enting a"oidable diseases.

To create an informed bod of opinion andTo create an informed bod of opinion andno!ledge. 1social !or ers, teachers2no!ledge. 1social !or ers, teachers2To gi"e the public accurate information ofTo gi"e the public accurate information of

medical disco"eries.medical disco"eries.To facilitate the acceptance and proper usage ofTo facilitate the acceptance and proper usage ofmedical measures.medical measures.

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($T+OD& O% #''RO#C+$& IN($T+OD& O% #''RO#C+$& IN+$#0T+ $DUC#TION+$#0T+ $DUC#TION

3.3. 0egal or Regulator #pproach0egal or Regulator #pproach

4.4. #dministrati"e or &er"ice #pproach #dministrati"e or &er"ice #pproach

5.5. $ducational #pproach$ducational #pproach

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0egal or Regulator #pproach0egal or Regulator #pproach

(a es use of the la! to protect the health(a es use of the la! to protect the healthof the public.of the public.

$g : $pidemic Diseases #ct , 'ollution #ct$g : $pidemic Diseases #ct , 'ollution #ct0imitations :0imitations : 3. applicable onl at certain times or3. applicable onl at certain times or

limited situations.limited situations. 4. the ma not alter the beha"iour of the4. the ma not alter the beha"iour of the

indi"idual.indi"idual.

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#dministrati"e or &er"ice #pproach #dministrati"e or &er"ice #pproach

Intends to pro"ide all the health facilitiesIntends to pro"ide all the health facilitiesneeded b the peopleneeded b the people

66felt needs of people7felt needs of people7

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$ducatinal #pproach$ducatinal #pproach

most effecti"emost effecti"eComponents :Components :

3. moti"ation3. moti"ation

4. communication4. communication 5. decision ma ing5. decision ma ing

8 results slo! , but permanent and enduring.results slo! , but permanent and enduring.8

&uffient time for an indi"idual to bring about changes&uffient time for an indi"idual to bring about changes8 learning ne! facts as !ell as unlearning !ronglearning ne! facts as !ell as unlearning !ronginformation as !ell.information as !ell.

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+uman 9iolog+uman 9iolog

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NutritionNutrition

for pre"ention of malnutritionfor pre"ention of malnutritionTaught nutrient "alue of food stufsTaught nutrient "alue of food stufs

(ethod of preparation , storage(ethod of preparation , storage+elp people to choose balanced diet+elp people to choose balanced diet

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+ giene+ giene

'ersonal $n"ironmental

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%amil +ealth Care%amil +ealth Care

&trengthen and impro"e the health of the&trengthen and impro"e the health of thefamil as a unit rather than as anfamil as a unit rather than as anindi"idual.indi"idual.(aternal and child health care, famil(aternal and child health care, familplanning, immuni?ation, nutrition, etc.planning, immuni?ation, nutrition, etc.

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Control of Communicable and Non-Control of Communicable and Non-Communicable diseasesCommunicable diseases

'ro"ide elementar no!ledge about the'ro"ide elementar no!ledge about the

nature of the diseases and methods ofnature of the diseases and methods ofpre"enting them.pre"enting them.

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(ental +ealth(ental +ealth

Depression, neurosis, mental an@iet andDepression, neurosis, mental an@iet andemotional disturbancesemotional disturbances9asic no!ledge of common9asic no!ledge of commonps chological ailments, its detectio,ps chological ailments, its detectio,methods of pre"ention and treatment.methods of pre"ention and treatment.

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Use of +ealth ser"icesUse of +ealth ser"ices

'eople should be informed about "arious'eople should be informed about "arioushealth ser"ices and pre"enti"ehealth ser"ices and pre"enti"eprogrammes a"ailable to them.programmes a"ailable to them.

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'RINCI'0$& O% +$#0T+'RINCI'0$& O% +$#0T+$DUC#TION$DUC#TION

INT$R$&TINT$R$&T'#RTICI'#TION'#RTICI'#TIONCO('R$+$N&IONCO('R$+$N&ION

(OTIB#TION(OTIB#TIONR$IN%ORC$($NTR$IN%ORC$($NTNO N TO UN NO NNO N TO UN NO N0$#RNINA 9E DOINA0$#RNINA 9E DOINA&OI0, &$$D &O $R&OI0, &$$D &O $RCO((UNITE 0$#D$R&CO((UNITE 0$#D$R&AOOD +$#0T+ R$0#TION&AOOD +$#0T+ R$0#TION&

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InterestInterest

Topic of interestTopic of interestIdentif the Ffelt needsF of the peopleIdentif the Ffelt needsF of the people

Then prepare a programmeThen prepare a programme

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'articipation'articipation

$ducator should encourage people to$ducator should encourage people toparticipate in health educationparticipate in health educationprogrammesprogrammesAroup discussions, panel discussions, etcAroup discussions, panel discussions, etcpro"ide oppurtunities for people7spro"ide oppurtunities for people7sparticipationparticipation0eads to acceptance0eads to acceptance

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no!n to Un no!nno!n to Un no!n

&tart !ith !hat the people alread no!&tart !ith !hat the people alread no!and then gi"e the ne! no!ledgeand then gi"e the ne! no!ledge$@isting no!ledge as people as the basic$@isting no!ledge as people as the basicstepstep

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ComprehensionComprehension

Determine the le"el of literac andDetermine the le"el of literac andunderstanding of audience.understanding of audience.0anguage of communication,0anguage of communication,understandable to audienceunderstandable to audienceUsage of technical or medical termsUsage of technical or medical termsshould be a"oided.should be a"oided.

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ReinforcementReinforcement

#lso called as Gbooster doseF #lso called as Gbooster doseFRefers to repetition neededRefers to repetition needed

hen not possible for people to learn ne!hen not possible for people to learn ne!things in short timethings in short time

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(oti"ation(oti"ation

Defined as Gthe fundamental desire for learningDefined as Gthe fundamental desire for learningin an indi"idualFin an indi"idualF4 t pes :4 t pes :

primar moti"eprimar moti"e inborn desiresinborn desires food, clothing, housingfood, clothing, housing secondar moti"esecondar moti"e outside forcesoutside forces

gifts, a !ord of praise,gifts, a !ord of praise, lo"e, re!ardslo"e, re!ards

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0earning b Doing0earning b Doing

0earning process accompanied b doing0earning process accompanied b doingthe ne! things.the ne! things.9ased on famous Chinese pro"erb Gif I9ased on famous Chinese pro"erb Gif Ihear, I forget if I see, I remember if I do,hear, I forget if I see, I remember if I do,I no!.I no!.

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&oil, &eed &o!er &oil, &eed &o!er

&oil&oil people to !hom education is gi"enpeople to !hom education is gi"en&eeds&eeds +ealth facts to be gi"en+ealth facts to be gi"en

&o!er&o!er media tomedia to transmit the factstransmit the facts #ll components are interdependent and #ll components are interdependent andresult in d namic interaction.result in d namic interaction.

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Aood +uman RelationsAood +uman Relations

health educator should ha"e goodhealth educator should ha"e goodpersonal Hualitiespersonal Hualities&hould be able to maintain friendl&hould be able to maintain friendlrelations !ith peoplerelations !ith people&hould ha"e a ind nad s mpathetic&hould ha"e a ind nad s mpatheticattitudeattitude

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Communit leadersCommunit leaders

0eaders can be used to reach people of0eaders can be used to reach people ofthe communit and to con"ince themthe communit and to con"ince themabout the need for health education.about the need for health education.

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+INDR#NC$& OR 9#RRI$R& IN+INDR#NC$& OR 9#RRI$R& IN'ROC$&& O% CO((UNIC#TION'ROC$&& O% CO((UNIC#TION

's chological barriers's chological barriers emotional disturbancesemotional disturbances depressiondepression neurosisneurosis

'h siological barriers'h siological barriers difficulties in self-e@pressiondifficulties in self-e@pression difficulties in hearing or seeingdifficulties in hearing or seeing difficulties in understandingdifficulties in understanding

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+INDR#NC$&+INDR#NC$&

$n"ironmental barriers$n"ironmental barriers e@cessi"e noisee@cessi"e noise

difficulties in "isiondifficulties in "ision congested areascongested areas

Cultural barriersCultural barriers

persistent patterns of beha"iour, habits,persistent patterns of beha"iour, habits,beliefs, customs, attitudes, religion, etcbeliefs, customs, attitudes, religion, etc

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$DUC#TION#0 #ID& U&$D IN$DUC#TION#0 #ID& U&$D IN+$#0T+ $DUC#TION+$#0T+ $DUC#TION

3. #udio aids3. #udio aids

4. Bisual aids4. Bisual aids

5. Combination of #udio-Bisual aids5. Combination of #udio-Bisual aids

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#udio #ids #udio #ids

9ased on principles of sound, electricit and9ased on principles of sound, electricit andmagnetismmagnetism

megaphonesmegaphones public addressing s stems orpublic addressing s stems ormicrophonesmicrophones

Aramophone recordsAramophone records

Tape recordersTape recorders RadiosRadios &ound amplifiers&ound amplifiers

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Bisual #idsBisual #ids

9ased on principles of proJection9ased on principles of proJection 'roJected aids K needs proJection from a'roJected aids K needs proJection from a source on to a screensource on to a screen films or cinemasfilms or cinemas film stripsfilm strips slidesslides o"erhead proJectorso"erhead proJectors epidiascopesepidiascopes

transparenciestransparencies bioscopesbioscopes "ideo cassettes"ideo cassettes silent filmssilent films

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Non-proJected #ids K do not reHuireNon-proJected #ids K do not reHuireproJectionproJection

blac boardblac board picturespictures cartoonscartoons photographsphotographs postersposters

flashcardsflashcards chartscharts brochuresbrochures modelsmodels

Other aids K traditional media !hich ma es use of light and sound stimuliOther aids K traditional media !hich ma es use of light and sound stimuli %ol dances and %ol songs%ol dances and %ol songs

'uppet sho!s'uppet sho!s DramasDramas

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Combination of #udio-Bisual #idsCombination of #udio-Bisual #ids

(odern media a"ailable(odern media a"ailable&ound sight combined together to&ound sight combined together tocreate a better presentationcreate a better presentation

tele"isionstele"isions tape and slide combinationstape and slide combinations Bideo Cassette 'la ers and RecordersBideo Cassette 'la ers and Recorders (oti"ation pictures or Cinemas(oti"ation pictures or Cinemas (ultimedia Computers(ultimedia Computers

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$&&$NTI#0& O% +$#0T+$&&$NTI#0& O% +$#0T+$DUC#TON TO T+$ 'U90IC$DUC#TON TO T+$ 'U90IC

3.3. #ccurac and Truth #ccurac and Truth

4.4. 'resentation must be simple'resentation must be simple

5.5. +ealth education should be factual+ealth education should be factual

.. 'rinciples of health should be taught'rinciples of health should be taught

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CONC0U&IONCONC0U&ION

In a field such as health, it is natural thatIn a field such as health, it is natural thatGhelping people to help themsel"esFGhelping people to help themsel"esF

should be as important as direct ser"ice.should be as important as direct ser"ice.