Chara corallina

8/14/2019 Chara corallina

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NUTRITIONAL STUDIES OF CHARA CORALLINA

Uday Bhan Singh1*, R.K. Thakur2,Ravih !"r#a$, A.S. A%LU&ALIA1

*e-mail: [email protected]

1Laboratory of Algal Biology and Diversity, Department of Botany, Panjab University,

Chandigarh-16 1!, "ndia

#Department of $oology, Panjab University, Chandigarh-16 1!, "ndia

%Department of Botany, University of &ajasthan, 'aip(r-%# !, "ndia

ABSTRA'T ( )hyi+h"#ia- ana-yi + /h" 0+nd a/"r u00+r/ing gr+/h + Chara

corallinaand + /h+" gr+n in di"r"n/ u-/ur" #"dia in /h" -a+ra/+ry +ndi/i+n hav"

""n arri"d +u/. Th" 0hyi+h"#ia- 0ara#"/"r + /h" a/"r + Na0-i +r"/ and ).N.

3"hra B+/ania- 4ard"n h+ /ha/ Chara corallinar"5uir" -" a#+un/ + nu/ri"n/ and

/h" -"v"- + 0+--u/i+n i 5ui/" -+ a i "vid"n/ r+# /h" da/a and /andard. Th" a/"r i

-"ar "n+ugh /+ a--+ 0"n"/ra/i+n + viii-i/y /+ i/ +//+#. Na0-i +r"/ and ).N. 3"hra

B+/ania- 4ard"n -ak rih div"ri/y hih #ay " a//riu/"d /+ +#" h"#ia- r"-"a"d

y Chara corallina. In -a+ra/+ry u-/ur", i/ i +und /ha/ Chara corallina an " gr+n in

a-- /hr"" u-/ur" #"dia, viz., A--"n and Arn+n6 #"diu# , 'hu17 #"diu# and B411

#"diu# u/ gr+/h i ""n /+ " /h" "/ in A--"n and Arn+n6 u-/ur" #"diu# in

+#0ari+n i/h /h" +/h"r /+ u-/ur" #"dia.

K"y +rd ( Chara, Physi)o)hemi)al parameters, Algae, *ater poll(tion+

INTRODU'TION


2/13

Chara)ean algae are )alled stoneorts or brittleorts d(e to etensive etra)ell(lar

)al)ifi)ation+ .he presen)e of Charophy)eae /stoneorts0 is often asso)iated ith )lean and

rather hard ater ith a lo phosphoro(s /P0 )on)entration /ig+ 10+

Figur" 1. Sh+ing /h" gr+/h + Chara corallina in Ba/ania- 4ard"n

orsbergreported that sol(ble rea)tive phosphor(s /2&P0)on)entration as lo as 13 4g P

L51 inhibited theplant groth and the sensitivity to P eplained the absen)e of )harophytes in

very e(trophi) aters and their disappearan)e from poll(ted lo)alities 17+ Contrary to earlier

findings, later st(dies have shon that the plant )an gro ell in ater ith a high P

)on)entration, for eample 1+ mg P L51 #7and +8 mg P L51%7 and thedisappearan)e of the

plant is )a(sed primarily by shading thro(ghphytoplan9ton and other algae !7+ Dense Chara

beds in hard ater may a)t as n(trient sin9s in several ays, s()h as n(trient in)orporation in

plant biomass, n(trient ithdraal from de)omposing detrit(s, release of allelophati)
http://jeq.scijournals.org/cgi/content/full/35/2/490#BIB7http://jeq.scijournals.org/cgi/content/full/35/2/490#BIB7


3/13

)ompo(nds, red()ed sediment res(spension, slo de)omposition rate on plant senes)en)e, and

the )o-pre)ipitation of P ith )al)ite 37+ Charophytes thrive and may dominate the vegetation in

(npoll(ted fresh and bra)9ish aters 67+ Charophytes may also indire)tly affe)t n(trient )y)ling

in la9es+ Utili:ation of bi)arbonate is a))ompanied by pre)ipitation of )al)ite d(ring periods of

intensive photosynthesis, favoring immobili:ation of P by binding in the )rystal str()t(re or

sorption on sedimenting mineral parti)les+ Charophytes are able to deliver oygen to the

sediment, th(s potentially enhan)ing nitrifi)ation;denitrifi)ation pro)esses and preventing iron-

bo(nd sediment phosphor(s from being released to the overlying ater+ (rthermore, dense

Charameados restri)t sediment res(spension, )onse /asCaC?%0 of the total plant biomass dry eight has been reported@,87+

eeping this in vie, the present investigation has been (nderta9en to assess the ater


4/13


5/13

Physi)o-)hemi)al )hara)teristi)s of ater in P+E+ =ehra Botani)al Garden and Eapli

forest ere investigated /.able 10+

Ta-". 1. )hyi+h"#ia- 0ara#"/"r + a/"r u00+r/ing gr+/h + Chara corallina

in ).N. 3"hra B+/ania- 4ard"n and Na0-i F+r"/, 'handigarh.

S.N+. )ara#"/"r B+/ania- 4ard"n Na0-i F+r"/

1 2e))hi-transparen)y /)m0 @1+%J+ 1#!+%J#+%

# .otal Dissolved 2olid/mg;L0 #16+@J%+% #1+@J6+

% pH @+3J+% @+@J+6

! .emperat(re /air0/C0 #3+%J+1@ #3+8J+83 .emperat(re /ater0/C0 #6+1J+% #6+3J+8

6 ree C?# /mg;L0 #1+@J+8 %8+J1+13

@ Carbonate - C?%#K /mg;L0 Absent Absent

8 Al9alinity /mg;L0 1+@J+% 1%+6J#+6

.otal Hardness /mg;L0 %!8+%J6+ %66+@J#+!

1 Ca#K

/mg;L0 11+@J+!3 11+J+%111 =g#K /mg;L0 #!6+6J3+8 #33+8J#+6

1# Cl- /mg;L0 6!+J%+3 63+J#+6

1% Dissolved ?# /mg;L0 #+8J1+1 #+@J#+!

1! .otal Phosphate

P?!#- /mg;L0

+#3J+# +%6J+%

13 Eitrate - E?%-/mg;L0 +1#%J+! +#1%J+6

?bservations of se))hi-transparen)y of to sites indi)ate that ater


6/13

Comparing vario(s physi)o)hemi)al parameters of st(died ater samples ith Eational

and "nternational 2tandards, .able # 1!,13,167, reveals that all the parameters analy:ed ere

ith the permissible limits of drin9ing ater standards+

Ta-" 2. S/andard +r drinking a/"r

Parameters *H? "2" "C=&

pH 6+3-8+3 6+3-8+3 @-8+3

.otal Al9alinity 1# - -

.otal hardness 3 % %

Chloride #3 #3-1 #3-1

Eitrate 3-1 3-1 #-1

Phosphate +1-1 +3-1 -

B?D 3+ - -

D? 3+ %+ -

.D2 3 - 3All parameters are epressed in mgL-1e)ept pH

Based on )ertain parameters, Central Poll(tion Control Board /.able%0 has )lassified fresh ater

into five )lasses /A, B, C, D and 0 s(itable for vario(s p(rposes+ ?n the basis of this

)lassifi)ation, the ater at ponds )o(ld be )ategori:ed as AM+ .he val(es of ater


7/13

pH beteen 6+3 and 8+3 Dissolved ?ygen 3mg;L or

more

Bio)hemi)al ?ygen Demand 3 days #NC %mg;L or less

Drinking a/"r +ur" a/"r

+nv"n/i+na- /r"a/#"n/ and

diin"/i+n

'

.otal Coliforms ?rganism =PE;1ml shall be 3 or

less

pH beteen 6 to Dissolved ?ygen !mg;L or more

Bio)hemi)al ?ygen Demand 3 days #NC %mg;L or less

)r+0aga/i+n + &i-d -i" and

Fih"ri"

D

pH beteen 6+3 to 8+3 Dissolved ?ygen !mg;L or more

ree Ammonia /as E0 1+# mg;L or less

Irriga/i+n, Indu/ria- '++-ing,

'+n/r+--"d &a/" di0+a-

E

pH betn 6+ to 8+3

le)tri)al Cond()tivity at #3NC mi)ro mhos;)m

=a+##3

2odi(m absorption &atio =a+ #6

Boron =a+ #mg;L

B"-+E N+/ 3""/ing A, B, ', D : E 'ri/"ria

Central poll(tion )ontrol board /httpF;;)p)b+ni)+in;*aterO(alityOCriteria+php0

As stated earlier, 1 )m long api)al portions of Chara corallina ere gron in % different

media, ea)h medi(m being ino)(lated ith ten samples ea)h /ig+ #0+
http://cpcb.nic.in/Water_Quality_Criteria.phphttp://cpcb.nic.in/Water_Quality_Criteria.php


8/13

Figur" 1. Sh+ing /h" gr+/h + Chara corallinain +-id agar #"diu#

% repli)ates of ea)h medi(m as maintained to minimi:e the error+ "n these samples some

profo(ndly visible observations )o(ld be made+ After ! days of )(lt(re, the older basal plant

portion of the samples in Ch(-1 medi(m be)ame pale in )oloration /lost green )olor0 hile

those gron in Allen and Arnons and BG-11 media retained their green )oloration /.able !0+ As

the )(lt(re pro)eeded to the 8thday after )(lt(re /.able 30, most of the samples in Ch(-1

medi(m ere pale yello in )olor, be)ame soft and had rotten baseI s(rvival as lo in Ch(-1

medi(m b(t those hi)h s(rvived, attained proper length+ "n BG-11 medi(m, samples be)ame

greenish-bron+ e of them ere seen to have deteriorated ith rotten basal portion+ B(t in

Allen and Arnons medi(m, all samples s(rvived and ere l(sh green in )olor+ &hi:oids of abo(t

+%-+3 )m ere also seen to have developed on all the samples+

Ta-". ;. '+#0ari+n + /h" gr+/h ra/" + Chara corallina a/"r ; day + u-/ur" in

di"r"n/ u-/ur" #"dia/hr+ugh r"h and dry "igh/ and di"r"n" in -"ng/h.

)ara#"/"r Fr"h "igh/ 8g9 Dry "igh/ 8g9 L"ng/h8#9 Surviva- +u/


9/13

3"diu# + 17R"0-ia/" 3"an R"0-ia/" 3"an R"0-ia/" 3"an

'hu 17

#"diu#

+3

+3

+1

+11

1#+1

1#+6%

1

+33 +1 1%+# 1

+6# +1# 1#+6 1

B4 11

#"diu#

+!

+!3

+1#

+1#

1%+#

1%+%

1+%! +11 1%+@ 1

+3# +1# 1%+ 1

A--"n and

Arn+n6

#"diu#

+!

+!!

+1%

+1!

1!+

1%+#@

1

+3! +1% 1%+! 1

+%@ +16 1#+8 1

Ta-"


10/13

)m ere seen to arise from all samples+ Hoever, in BG-11 medi(m, the old basal body of plant

got deteriorated b(t the (pper portions still retained their green )oloration+

Ta-". >. '+#0ari+n + /h" gr+/h ra/" + Chara corallina a/"r 12 day + u-/ur" in

di"r"n/ u-/ur" #"dia/hr+ugh r"h and dry "igh/ and di"r"n" in -"ng/h.

)ara#"/"r

3"diu#

Fr"h "igh/ 8g9 Dry "igh/ 8g9 L"ng/h8#9 Surviva- +u/

+ 17R"0-ia/" 3"an R"0-ia/" 3"an R"0-ia/" 3"an

'hu 17

#"diu#

+!1

+6

+8

+

11+

1%+%%

8

+ +1 1!+6

+@3 +1 1%+#

B4 11

#"diu#

+@!

+!

+8

+11

11+%

11+@

1

+3 +1 11+# 1

+11% +1! 1#+6 1

A--"n and

Arn+n6

#"diu#

+1#%

+8%

+16

+13

1%+6

1#+8%

1

+68 +13 11+6 1

+38 +13 1%+% 1

'ON'LUSIONS

Con)l(sions )an be made from these observations that the samples gron in Allen and

Arnons medi(m had the maim(m s(rvival and groth rate /.ables !-60+ (rther, rhi:oids ere

seen to arise from the plant body only in the Allen and Arnons medi(m+ =aim(m deterioration

as seen in plant gron in Ch(-1 medi(m hile BG-11 medi(m )o(ld s(pport the groth of

the algae moderately+ As stated earlier, after the 8 thday of )(lt(re, no f(rther in)rease in groth

)o(ld be seen in all media /.ables 3-60+.his may be d(e to the reason that Chara corallina

re


11/13

Physi)o-)hemi)al parameters of ater s(pporting groth of Chara corallina also

indi)ates that Charao(ld prefer )lean ater for its establishment and f(rther groth+ .hese

ater bodies la)9 ri)h biodiversity, may be d(e to non-poll(ted and poor levels of nitrogen and

phosphor(s+ Chara corallina ith the lo poll(tion )learly indi)ates that these ma)rophytes

prefer ater ith signifi)antly different n(trient )on)entrations for their groth, and )an be (sed

as indi)ators of poll(tion stat(s


12/13


13/13

167 "2" /1@%0+ "ndian sandard methods for sampling and test /physi)al and )hemi)al0 for ater

(sed in ind(stry+ "ndian 2tandard "nstit(te, =ana9 Bhaan, Ee Delhi+

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Chara corallina