Chapter7 - Revised

7/23/2019 Chapter7 - Revised

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chapter7-revised 1/15

e – Commerce :

Information PublishingTechnology



Web Information Publishing:Advantages

• Platform Transparency :

– The browser software, used for accessing the web, oersthe same interface irrespective of whether it is running onthe Windows, X-Windows or Macintosh platform.

– ven the data residing on variet! of server platforms isavailable to users through the same loo"-and-feel interface.

• Distribution Transparency:

– The web is a distributed information s!stem. Theinformation stored at variet! of geographicall! dispersedserver platforms is available to the web users on a singleinterface window.

– # page displa!ed on a browser screen ma! contain te$tcoming from a %&M server in 'ew (or", an image fromWindows 'T servers located in )elhi, and a bac"ground

audio clip from a *inu$ server in *uc"now.




• Information Type Transparency:

– The web oers seamless integration of the multiple t!pes ofinformation content. The te$t, graphics, sound, video and variousother data formats can be integrated and displa!ed uniforml!through the browser interface.

– %t can integrate variet! of information content stored on distantservers through the h!perte$t mechanism.

• Interactive:

– The information browsing on the web is based on selecting andclic"ing on lin"s. The clic"ing on lin"s retrieves and oersadditional information on screen.

– %n addition, it also supports forms with input windows, radiobuttons, options lists, chec"bo$es for submitting the data. Theweb servers can collect the input information from users throughthe form mechanism and add it to a database, update thedatabase, or provide a customi+ed information depending uponthe inputs.




• Dynamic:

– &rowsers retrieve information stored on sites and through webservers and displa! it on the screen. %f the information isupdated at the server site, the latest version is made available.

– The web publishing does not incur an! cost of reproducing thecopies. #n! one accessing it reads the latest version.

• Graphical and Navigational:

– Web based s!stems are capable of integrating and displa!inggraphics, te$t and other multimedia formats in color on a samepage.

– The web has made it possible to browse the multimediainformation on the same page. #lso, the h!per lin"ingmechanism has reduced the tas" of navigating through theinformation to point and clic". # user can ump from pagesstored on a server to another servers ust b! clic"ing on lin"s.



Web Browsers

• # software client that interacts with !perTe$t

Transfer rotocol /TT0 1erver to retrieve there2uested TM* documents.• %t retrieves the TM* documents and renders them

on the screen b! invo"ing appropriate inbuilt toolsand helper applications.

• %t accepts the 34* of re2uested resource and parsesit to determine the TT server to contact and nameof document to re2uest.

• 'ational 1uper 5omputer #pplications 5enter /'51#0developed Mosaic was the 6rst popular Web browser

• 'etscape /http788www.netscape.com0 is another Web

browser• The Microsoft9s %nternet $plorer /Web &rowser0 is

avaialble at7http788www.microsoft.com8windows8ie8downloads8ie:8default.htm

H T " # $

http://www.netscape.com/

http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/downloads/ie6/default.htm




http://www.netscape.com/



Hyer Te!t "ar#u $anguage%HT"$&

• # 1ubset of 1tandard ;enerali+ed Mar"up *anguage

/%1< ==>?0• TM* is a document formatting *anguage• @ormatting instruction called Tags are enclosed in A

and B s!mbols. e.g., AcodeB and A8codeB• @or a particular mar"up CboldD AboldB denotes the

beginning of tag and A8boldB denotes matching end-of-tag.• #n TM* document is plain-te$t document consisting

of regular te$t and information and mar"up tags.• # complete TM* document has two structured parts

– ead and &od!.

• The head portion contains information regarding thedocument such as title, author and other meta-tags.

• The bod! portion is displa!ed in the main window ofthe browser.

H T t " # $




• ATM*B A8TM*B de6ne a TM* document.

• AheadB and A8headB de6ne the header section• Abod!B and A8bod!B de6ne the bod! section.• The bod! ma! contain several level of heading

tags, the! describe the si+e of character displa!relative to each other. These are denoted b!

AhEB A8hEB, AhFB A8hFB .. Ah:B A8h:B• The AhEB being the highest level heading and

Ah:B the smallest level heading.• ach tag ma! have several attributes. @or

e$ample, Abod!B tag has attribute bgcolor which

de6nes the bac"ground color of the windows mainbod! on the browser.• Abod! bgcolorGCredDBH the browser will displa!

the bac"ground red color for the main window ofthe browser for this document.




• We present some commonl! used TM*tags. 4oughl!, the tags in TM* can beclassi6ed as follows7

– Te$t @ormatting Tags

– &loc" 1tructuring Tags

– *ist Tags

– %mage Tag

– #nchor Tag / for !per *in"ing0

– @orm Tags



HT"$: $ist Tags '(!amle



HT"$: Image Tag '(!amle



HT"$: Anchor Tag

• The h!per lin"ing of two documents in TM* isaccomplished through the anchor tag.

• The anchor tag pair A#B .. A8#B creates a lin" fromcurrent document to the referenced document in the

tag.• The # tag has several attributes, two important

attributes used for lin"ing purposes are name andhref.

• The href attribute is used for specif!ing a name or an

34* of the document that this lin" points to/referenced document0.

• The name attribute is used for de6ning the anchorpoint that can be referred b! the href tag.



)ynamic HT"$• The standard TM* is a static language with a scant concern

for the la!out and st!le of the rendered document and doesprovide in-built features for d!namicall! updating the content,change the appearance, hide, or animate the content.

• The d!namic TM* /)TM*0 provides capabilit! to change theTM* page even after the browser has reduced it.

• @or e$ample, an image rendered on screen ma! change to an

alternate image on moving the mouse over it or the header ofan important te$t ma! scrolls hori+ontall! over the screen.

• The )TM* b! itself is not a tagging language or a technolog!li"e Iava1cript or a plug-in, it9s a concept.

• The concept of )TM* is achieved b! marr!ing the TM*,5ascading 1t!le 1heets, 1cripting *anguage /Iava1cript0 and

the )ocument <bect Model together.• The scripting languages provide abilit! to add event driven

programming on the browser. The language such as Iava1criptcan be embedded in the TM* code with AscriptB A8scriptBtag-pair.



)ynamic HT"$

• )TM* is an e$tension of TM* tags, when used

with Iava1cript or #ctiveX and st!le sheets,

allows the designer control over the appearance

and position of page elements /obects0

• )TM* also allows for interactive pages that can

be d!namicall! modi6ed without interacting with

the server

• *eading visual )TM* Tools include7

– 'et<bect9s @usion

– Macromedia9s )reamweaver



Virtual Reality Modeling Language,pronounced vermal or by its initials,

originally—before 1995—known as te

Virtual Reality Markup Language! is a

standard file format for representing "#dimensional $"%! interactive vector

grapics, designed particularly wit te

&orld &ide &eb in mind'



"ultimedia Content: *+"$

• J4M* is a Web-based language for describing K)

virtual worlds

• Tools support the comple$it! of J4M*development and model editing

• *eading J4M* ditors7

–5osmo 1oftware9s 5osmo Worlds

– latinum Technolog!9s J45reator

– *igos Technolog!9s J-4ealm &uilder

Documents

Chapter7 - Revised