Chapter 5, Lesson 4Chapter 5, Lesson 4EQ: What factors define power struggles and stable EQ: What factors define power struggles and stable

periods of rule? periods of rule?

India 550 CE-1500India 550 CE-1500

This is an overview, don’t This is an overview, don’t copy this in your notes! copy this in your notes!

India Today! India Today!

India’s People Come in All Shapes and India’s People Come in All Shapes and Sizes, Just Like American PeopleSizes, Just Like American People

People with People with different clothingdifferent clothing

People with People with different religionsdifferent religions

People with People with different foodsdifferent foods

People with People with different different celebrationscelebrations

India’s GovernmentIndia’s Government

India is the India is the world’s world’s largest largest democracydemocracy

Famous IndiansFamous Indians Gandhi, India’s Gandhi, India’s

greatest greatest peacemaker, peacemaker, who influenced who influenced Martin Luther Martin Luther King, Jr.King, Jr.

Where People Live in India TodayWhere People Live in India Today

Many Many Indian Indian people live people live in villages in villages in rural in rural IndiaIndia

Where People Live in Where People Live in IndiaIndia

Other people in Other people in India live in large India live in large cities, likecities, like– New Dehli, New Dehli, the the

capitalcapital– Mumbai (West)Mumbai (West)– Kolkata (East)Kolkata (East)– Deccan (Southern Deccan (Southern

Plateau), with Plateau), with cities like cities like Bangalore and Bangalore and ChennaiChennai

India’s People Have India’s People Have Different Religious BeliefsDifferent Religious BeliefsHinduismHinduismBuddhismBuddhismIslam Islam

(Muslims)(Muslims)SikkhismSikkhismChristianityChristianityJudaismJudaism

Take notes! Take notes!

India’s History 550 India’s History 550 CE-1500CE-1500

Vocabulary: Chapter 5, Vocabulary: Chapter 5, Lesson 4Lesson 4

Buddhism (online)Buddhism (online) Hinduism (online)Hinduism (online) TheravedaTheraveda MahayanaMahayana Maharaja (in the reading)Maharaja (in the reading) Timur Lenk (in the reading)Timur Lenk (in the reading)

Hinduism Hinduism Ancient religion, both monotheistic and polytheistic Ancient religion, both monotheistic and polytheistic Escape sins of life by attaining purity/perfection of the soul Escape sins of life by attaining purity/perfection of the soul Caste SystemCaste System reinforcedreinforced by Hinduism by Hinduism

– Process starts in lowest caste (Untouchables) Process starts in lowest caste (Untouchables) – – Soul reincarnated in person of higher caste Soul reincarnated in person of higher caste – Must carry out duties of the caste Must carry out duties of the caste – – Repeated rebirths Repeated rebirths

Soul ultimately becomes perfect and merges with the soul of Soul ultimately becomes perfect and merges with the soul of BrahmaBrahma (God) (God)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmV2Wd8bOcc

BuddhismBuddhism Founded by Founded by Siddhartha Siddhartha

Gautama Gautama (563-483 BC) (563-483 BC) – Gave up wealth to study Gave up wealth to study

the right way to live the right way to live

– – Called Called BuddhaBuddha (“the (“the enlightened one”) enlightened one”)

Life is evil and suffering Life is evil and suffering – Can be avoided by good Can be avoided by good

desires desires Eightfold Path Eightfold Path

– – Do not gossip, have Do not gossip, have impure thoughts, hate, impure thoughts, hate, lie, or steal lie, or steal

Split of India’s Split of India’s Buddhists Buddhists

Rival Hinduism Although Buddhism Although Buddhism

had been widely had been widely accepted in India, accepted in India, differing differing interpretations of interpretations of the Buddha's the Buddha's teachings led to a teachings led to a split of Buddhism split of Buddhism into two schools—into two schools—TheravadaTheravada and and MahayanaMahayana..

Activity: Theravada vs. Activity: Theravada vs. Mahayana Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism

Page 97. Page 97. “India after the Gupta” “India after the Gupta” Identify the differences between Identify the differences between

Theravada and Mahayana Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. Buddhism. Theravada Buddhism Mahayana Buddhism

Theravada vs. Theravada vs. Mahayana Buddhists Mahayana Buddhists Theravada Buddhism: Theravada Buddhism:

– were following the Buddha's original were following the Buddha's original teachingsteachings

– Buddhism as a way of lifeBuddhism as a way of life– Focused on gaining self-knowledge Focused on gaining self-knowledge

as a way of attaining nirvana.as a way of attaining nirvana. Mahayana Buddhism: Mahayana Buddhism: 

– Thought that the Theravada Thought that the Theravada teachings were too strict.teachings were too strict.

– They viewed Buddhism as a They viewed Buddhism as a religionreligion rather than a philosophyrather than a philosophy

– Buddha seen as divine figure, and Buddha seen as divine figure, and devotion could earn believers devotion could earn believers salvation after death.salvation after death.

Decline of Buddhism in Decline of Buddhism in InIndia dia

Buddhism failed to Buddhism failed to retain its retain its popularity in the popularity in the country of its country of its origin. origin.

The religion did, The religion did, however, remain however, remain popular in the popular in the countries of East countries of East Asia and Asia and Southeast Asia to Southeast Asia to which it had been which it had been introduced.introduced.

Activity: Chronological Timeline Activity: Chronological Timeline Eastward Expansion of Islam Eastward Expansion of Islam

Read pg. 98 “The Eastward Expansion of Islam”Read pg. 98 “The Eastward Expansion of Islam” Create a timeline with seven major events in the Create a timeline with seven major events in the

spread of Islam in the Indian subcontinent. spread of Islam in the Indian subcontinent. Come up with a timeline title Come up with a timeline title Explain these events Explain these events Time: Years, Centuries Time: Years, Centuries

Gupta Empire Collapse 550 CE: = After the Gupta Empire collapse there was no central authority in India. It was divided into 70 states. India was politically fragmented, with a number of small states engaging in continual warfare.

Islam’s Arrival Islam’s Arrival in India in India

  After the fall of the After the fall of the Gupta Gupta EmpireEmpire, India was politically , India was politically fragmented—small states in fragmented—small states in continual warfare.continual warfare.

Early 8Early 8thth century, century, Islamic Islamic armiesarmies took advantage and took advantage and move into move into frontier regions frontier regions in the NW part of India.in the NW part of India.

Islamic State of Ghazna Islamic State of Ghazna

End of 10End of 10thth century, a new century, a new Islamic state called Islamic state called GhaznaGhazna (Afghanistan) (Afghanistan) arose in the northwest. arose in the northwest.

One of its rulers, One of its rulers, Mahmūd Mahmūd of Ghaznaof Ghazna, began , began attacking neighboring attacking neighboring Hindu kingdoms and Hindu kingdoms and extended his power in the extended his power in the upper Indus River valley.upper Indus River valley.

Muslim Muslim Resistance by the Resistance by the

RajputsRajputs Hindu warriors Hindu warriors called called RajputsRajputs attempted to push attempted to push back the Islamic back the Islamic invaders but were invaders but were unsuccessful. unsuccessful.

Mahmūd's Mahmūd's successors successors continued to continued to expand Islamic expand Islamic control in northern control in northern India.India.

Video Activity Video Activity

Watch the following video and take Watch the following video and take notes. notes.

Remember Remember AryansAryans, were the first , were the first invading civilization in India which invading civilization in India which invaded India in BC. invaded India in BC.

Answer the following question: Answer the following question: – How did Islam impact India? How did Islam impact India?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3d2QRolijCs

Consolidation of Muslim Consolidation of Muslim power in Delhi power in Delhi

  By the beginning of the By the beginning of the 1313thth century, Muslims century, Muslims had taken control had taken control of of the whole north Indian the whole north Indian plain, where they plain, where they established the established the Sultanate of DelhiSultanate of Delhi. .

The sultanate The sultanate (kingdom) was to grow (kingdom) was to grow further before further before beginning to decline in beginning to decline in the later 14the later 14thth century. century.

The Impact of Timur Lenk

 As the Delhi sultanate declined, the Mongol ruler Timur Lenk (Tamerlane) led an invasion, raided Delhi, and slaughtered about 100,000 prisoners. – Born in Uzbekistan,

Timur Lenk had already conquered a sizeable region of Asia located to the west of India.

Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Question Question

SpeculatingSpeculating: Why might : Why might Timur Lenk Timur Lenk have become a have become a legendary figure? (pg. 98)legendary figure? (pg. 98)

TAKE NOTESTAKE NOTES: As you watch the : As you watch the video take notes, and answer video take notes, and answer the following questions: the following questions:

1.1. Why do you think Why do you think TimurTimur was was a successful leader? Explain.a successful leader? Explain.

2.2. What do you think eventually What do you think eventually brought down Timur Lenk? brought down Timur Lenk? Explain. Explain. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ywbDMretxjo

Timur Lenk's Death

 Timur Lenk's death in 1405 ended a major threat to the states of India, but after about a century of calm, new threats to stability would appear in the form of the Moguls and Portuguese traders.

Activity: Indian Society and Activity: Indian Society and CultureCulture

Read Read Indian Society and Culture (pg. 99-Indian Society and Culture (pg. 99-100)100)

IdentifyIdentify and and explainexplain the the main ideas main ideas on on the following subjects. the following subjects. – Relationship Between Muslims and Relationship Between Muslims and

HinduHindu– Life in the countryside and the citiesLife in the countryside and the cities– Trade in India Trade in India – ArchitectureArchitecture– LiteratureLiterature

Relationship between Relationship between Muslims and HindusMuslims and Hindus

Muslim rulers in India attempted to Muslim rulers in India attempted to strictly separate themselves from their strictly separate themselves from their Hindu subjects. Hindu subjects. Muslims strove to convert the Hindus Muslims strove to convert the Hindus to Islam and succeeded in imposing to Islam and succeeded in imposing Islamic customs, but in the end they Islamic customs, but in the end they just had to tolerate religious just had to tolerate religious differences.differences.

Trade in IndiaTrade in India

  Although trade within India may Although trade within India may have declined because of the have declined because of the continual warfare among the various continual warfare among the various states, India continued to engage in states, India continued to engage in a robust foreign trade.a robust foreign trade.

Foreign trade located along Foreign trade located along traditional routes between Southwest traditional routes between Southwest Asia and East Asia.Asia and East Asia.

Life in the countryside Life in the countryside and the citiesand the cities

  Most Indians were peasant farmers Most Indians were peasant farmers who, through their landlords, paid a who, through their landlords, paid a share of their harvest to their rulers. share of their harvest to their rulers.

The landed elite and merchants lived The landed elite and merchants lived in cities, as did the rulers, who were in cities, as did the rulers, who were often very wealthy and enjoyed often very wealthy and enjoyed luxurious lifestyles.luxurious lifestyles.

Contributions: Contributions: Architecture & Literature Architecture & Literature   Religious architecture flourished during Religious architecture flourished during

this period, with magnificent and this period, with magnificent and ornately designed Hindu temples being ornately designed Hindu temples being built.built.

  ProseProse fiction (Literature) was also well fiction (Literature) was also well established in India at the time, long established in India at the time, long before it appeared elsewhere in Asia or before it appeared elsewhere in Asia or in Europe. in Europe. – E.g., E.g., The Adventures of the Ten Princes The Adventures of the Ten Princes by by

Dandin.Dandin.

To conclude…To conclude…

How did Islam and Hinduism exist How did Islam and Hinduism exist together in Indian society and together in Indian society and culture? culture?

What were two major sources of What were two major sources of wealth in India? wealth in India?