CHAPTER 4

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EQ: How does the spatial interaction of cultures affect human systems?

OBJ: I will discover the elements and spread of culture

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

Elements of

Culture

ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

Culture is the way of life of a group of people who share similar beliefs and customs

Language People use language to communicate information, experiences, and pass on cultural values/traditions Some people speak dialects Linguists organize the world’s languages into language families

Ex: English, Spanish, and Russian are a part of the Indo-European language family

ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

ReligionReligious beliefs vary around the world and this often leads to conflictReligion is a source of identity and influences daily life

Moral values and religious festivals/holidaysReligious symbols and stories have shaped cultural expressions such

as paintings, architecture, and music

ELEMENTS OF CULTURE

Social GroupsFamily is usually the most important social groupSocial classes also are a part of culturesPeople are also grouped into ethnic groups

People who share a common language, history, place of origin, or a combination of these elements are considered an ethnic group

Government and EconomyGovernments maintain order within a country and provides protection from

outside dangersGovernments also supply other services to its peopleThey are organized by levels of power and type of authority

How cultures use their natural resources to meet human needs—as well as produce, obtain, use and sell goods and services—determines their type of economy

RECAP!

What is a culture?What are some elements

of culture?What is an ethnic group?Why do people organize

themselves by these elements of culture?

CULTURAL CHANGE

Cultural diffusion is the process of spreading new knowledge from one culture to another

The Agricultural RevolutionEarliest humans were nomads moving from place to placeAs Earth’s climate warmed about 10,000 years ago, nomads first

settled in hilly areas and later in valleys and on fertile plainsSoon people could settle and farm in permanent villagesThe shift from hunting and gathering food to producing food is known

as the Agricultural RevolutionBy 3500 BCE, early farming villages evolved in civilizations

CULTURAL CHANGE: CULTURAL HEARTHS

Cultural hearths are early centers of civilization whose ideas and practices spread to surrounding areas

The most influential cultural hearths developed in modern-day:EgyptPakistanIraqChina Mexico

CULTURAL CHANGE: CULTURAL CONTACTS Interactions with other cultures promoted cultural changeMigration also fostered cultural diffusionPeople migrate to avoid wars, persecution, and faminesSome migrations of people have been forced [what is an example of

this?]Positive factors can draw people from one place to anotherMigrants bring their cultures with them

INDUSTRIAL AND INFORMATION REVOLUTIONS

In the 1700s and 1800s., industrialization led to social changes

People left farms for jobs in factories in cities which led to urbanization

New production methods helped produce more goods using less money

At the end of the 1900s, the world experiences the information revolution

Computers help us store large amounts of information and instantly send it all over the world

RECAP

What is a cultural hearth? What is cultural contact?

What are the five cultural hearths?

What revolutions took place to help aid in globalization?

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC: ON RELIGION

http://education.nationalgeographic.com/video/on-religion/