Chapter 4

Empire in Transitio

n

SALUTARY

NEGLECT

SALUTARY NEGLECT

George I

Robert Walpole

Navigation Acts:

Laws that control trade and restrict manufacturing in the Colonies

Most government officials in England had never been to America

How do you make informed decisions?

Colonial Agents

Men who represent a colony and try to influence MPs

The colonial agent for New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts and Georgia:

Royal officers in America:

•Some good•Some get job thru bribes or family connections•Substitutes hired to go in place of appointee

By 1750 Colonial Assemblies see themselves as mini-Parliaments

Claim power to tax and pass laws

Power of the Purse

Albany Plan:

Parliament sets up a government to oversee the colonies and handle common issues such as Indian relations

Colonies keep internal power

Who’s idea?

Ben Franklin

Iroquois

Mohawk

Seneca

Cayuga

Onondaga

Oneida

European Wars:

King William’s War

Queen Anne’s War

King George’s War

FORT DUQUESNE

Governor Robert

Dinwiddie

Col. George Washington

Fort Necessity

Start of:

French & Indian War Which turns into Seven Years War

British & Americans have to fight together, but can’t get along

British think colonist are, “lowest dregs of humanity”

Colonist think British officers are too aristocratic and refuse to drill like British Regulars

Colonist do not fight in classic European style

British call it irregular war or American way of war

3 Phases of the war

1.Local war in Ohio Valley2.War goes to Europe3.England wins

Phase 1- Local War

England sends new general to defeat French

Edward Braddock

Edward

Braddock

French Indian War

Phase 2

War spreads to Europe, England suffers several defeats

Select a new head of government

William Pitt

Phase 3-England Kicks Butt

Fort Duquesne falls

Quebec – Wolfe

Montreal

Wolfe at QuebecWolfe at Quebec

Peace of Paris 1763

France off of North America

Just some Caribbean islands

Results of French and Indian War

*England’s War Debt

*England feels Colonist did little to help

*Outside threat gone

*New lands open up

*France wants REVENGE !!!

Problems for England•Debt - £140 million•Indian uprising – Pontiac’s Rebellion•British spending £7000 to collect £2000

George Grenville

*Standing Army

*Enforce Nav. Acts

*Regulate Expansion

*New Revenue

Proclamation Line

of 1763

George III

Sugar Act

Reduced tax from 6 pence to 3

But, enforced it !

Rights imply equality

Less than Englishmen

Virtual Representation

Currency Act of 1764

Colonial Assemblies must recall any paper money issued

Colonies hurt by lack of unity

*between colonies*within colonies

Conflict between established areas and frontier

Frontier feels underrepresented, over taxed and unprotected

1763 Paxton Boys - Penn.march on Phily

1771 Regulator Movement-NCfight with colonial militia

New policies have something for everyone to hate

MerchantsSettlersPlantersCity workers

New taxes, enforcement

Proclamation of 1763

Tariffs raise prices

No manufacturing

STAMP ACT

1765

While Sugar Act affected only some colonist, mostly New England, Stamp Act falls on all Americans

Virginia Stamp Act Resolves

Patrick Henry

Have rights of English men

Can only be taxed byHouse of B.

Massachusetts James Otis

Gets assembly to issue call for inter-colonial meeting about the Stamp Act

STAMP ACT CONGRESS

9 of 13 colonies show up

Decide on boycott of british goods

Sons of Liberty to enfoce decision

Stamp Act Out1766

Declaratory Act In

Charles

Townshend

Quartering Act 1765

Colonies must provide quarters and supplies for troops in America

New York refuses

Townshend Act

Paper Paint

Glass Lead

Tea

American Board of Custom Commissioners

Massachusetts Circular Letter

Sam Adams

Letters From a Farmer

John Dickinson

Non-importation

Imports cut by >50%

NY £482,000 to £74,000

Parliament has the right to regulate trade.

Does not have the right to raise revenue

“we are all but parts of a whole”

Virginia Resolves

Only House of B. can tax Virginia

Boston Massacre

Committee of Correspondence

John Locke

Social Contract

Gaspee

Tea Act

1773

Boston Tea Party

Who is this man?

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

Boston Port Act

Massachusetts Gov. Act

Admin. Of Justice Act

Quebec Act

1sr Continental Congress

September 1774

Philadelphia

12 colonies

•Reject Galloway’s plan of colonial union

•Nonimportation

•Statement of grievances

•Agree to Suffolk Resolves

•Meet again next spring

Lexington Commons

Buckman Tavern