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Chapter 37: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945- Latin America 1945- Present Present Section 1: Forces Shaping Modern Latin Section 1: Forces Shaping Modern Latin America America Section 2: Latin America, the U.S. and the Section 2: Latin America, the U.S. and the World World Section 3: Mexico, Central America and the Section 3: Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean Caribbean Section 4: Focus on Argentina and Brazil Section 4: Focus on Argentina and Brazil

Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

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Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present. Section 1: Forces Shaping Modern Latin America Section 2: Latin America, the U.S. and the World Section 3: Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean Section 4: Focus on Argentina and Brazil. Section 1: Forces Shaping Modern Latin America. Summary: - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Chapter 37:Chapter 37:Latin America 1945-Latin America 1945-

PresentPresent

Section 1: Forces Shaping Modern Latin AmericaSection 1: Forces Shaping Modern Latin AmericaSection 2: Latin America, the U.S. and the WorldSection 2: Latin America, the U.S. and the WorldSection 3: Mexico, Central America and the CaribbeanSection 3: Mexico, Central America and the CaribbeanSection 4: Focus on Argentina and BrazilSection 4: Focus on Argentina and Brazil

Page 2: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 1: Forces Shaping Section 1: Forces Shaping Modern Latin AmericaModern Latin America

Summary:Summary: Social inequality, population growth and rapid Social inequality, population growth and rapid

urbanization all contributed to unrest in Latin urbanization all contributed to unrest in Latin AmericaAmerica

Page 3: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 1: Forces Shaping Section 1: Forces Shaping Modern Latin AmericaModern Latin America

Latin America has a history of inequalityLatin America has a history of inequality A small group of people has always held most of A small group of people has always held most of

the wealththe wealth Others lived in povertyOthers lived in poverty

In many nations, inequality, along with a rigid class In many nations, inequality, along with a rigid class structure, a swiftly growing population and urbanization, structure, a swiftly growing population and urbanization, led to unrestled to unrest

Page 4: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 1: Forces Shaping Section 1: Forces Shaping Modern Latin AmericaModern Latin America

Catholic priests and nuns started a liberation Catholic priests and nuns started a liberation theology movement that called for theology movement that called for social social justicejustice and an end to poverty and an end to poverty

Most military dictators were against social Most military dictators were against social reformreform They said strict control would bring orderThey said strict control would bring order In the 1960s and 1970s, rebels fought for a socialist In the 1960s and 1970s, rebels fought for a socialist

revolution that would bring equalityrevolution that would bring equality

Page 5: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 1: Forces Shaping Section 1: Forces Shaping Modern Latin AmericaModern Latin America

After WWII, leaders worked to build economic After WWII, leaders worked to build economic developmentdevelopment New local industries cut the need for imported New local industries cut the need for imported

goodsgoods However, many factories put out poor quality goodsHowever, many factories put out poor quality goods Farming became big businessFarming became big business

Companies grew Companies grew cash cropscash crops on the best farmlands on the best farmlands As a result, more food had to be importedAs a result, more food had to be imported

Page 6: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 1: Forces Shaping Section 1: Forces Shaping Modern Latin AmericaModern Latin America

In the 1980s, Economies slowedIn the 1980s, Economies slowed Governments cut spending, raised prices and Governments cut spending, raised prices and

welcomed foreign businesseswelcomed foreign businesses Many Latin American economies picked up in the 1990sMany Latin American economies picked up in the 1990s

Page 7: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 1: Forces Shaping Section 1: Forces Shaping Modern Latin AmericaModern Latin America

In Latin America, as in Africa, an urban In Latin America, as in Africa, an urban migration brought changemigration brought change It broke up families and weakened cultural traditionsIt broke up families and weakened cultural traditions Many city women took jobs outside the homeMany city women took jobs outside the home

Some women entered politicsSome women entered politics Women became a force for social change, working for Women became a force for social change, working for

better schools and health carebetter schools and health care

Page 8: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 2: Latin America, Section 2: Latin America, the U.S. and the Worldthe U.S. and the World

Summary:Summary: Throughout the 1900s, Latin American nations tried Throughout the 1900s, Latin American nations tried

to limit US influence and exercise greater to limit US influence and exercise greater independenceindependence

Page 9: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 2: Latin America, Section 2: Latin America, the U.S. and the Worldthe U.S. and the World

After WWII, the U.S. wanted to keep After WWII, the U.S. wanted to keep communism out of the Western Hemispherecommunism out of the Western Hemisphere In 1948, it joined the countries of Latin America in In 1948, it joined the countries of Latin America in

the Organization of American States (OAS)the Organization of American States (OAS) Members pledged to promote democracy and human Members pledged to promote democracy and human

rightsrights Each nation promised to stay out of the affairs of the Each nation promised to stay out of the affairs of the

othersothers

Page 10: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 2: Latin America, Section 2: Latin America, the U.S. and the Worldthe U.S. and the World

Before WWII, the U.S. and the island nation of Before WWII, the U.S. and the island nation of Cuba were friendlyCuba were friendly Then in 1959, Fidel Castro led a communist revolt Then in 1959, Fidel Castro led a communist revolt

against a dictator that the U.S. government against a dictator that the U.S. government supportedsupported

Castro took control of Cuba and formed ties with the Castro took control of Cuba and formed ties with the Soviet UnionSoviet Union

Cold War tensions flared when the Soviets placed Cold War tensions flared when the Soviets placed nuclear missiles on Cuban basesnuclear missiles on Cuban bases

Page 11: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 2: Latin America, Section 2: Latin America, the U.S. and the Worldthe U.S. and the World

Castro tried to stir revolt in other landsCastro tried to stir revolt in other lands In response, the U.S. turned to a policy of In response, the U.S. turned to a policy of

interventionintervention, or involvement in Latin America, or involvement in Latin America U.S. money, arms and troops helped crush U.S. money, arms and troops helped crush

communist rebelscommunist rebels At times, the aid went to harsh noncommunist rulersAt times, the aid went to harsh noncommunist rulers Many people spoke out against these U.S. policiesMany people spoke out against these U.S. policies

Page 12: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 2: Latin America, Section 2: Latin America, the U.S. and the Worldthe U.S. and the World

Today, Latin America has links throughout the Today, Latin America has links throughout the worldworld Venezuela joined with Arab nations to set oil pricesVenezuela joined with Arab nations to set oil prices Brazil worked with African lands to protect coffee Brazil worked with African lands to protect coffee

pricesprices Regions signed pacts to end tariffs and allow free tradeRegions signed pacts to end tariffs and allow free trade The The AmericasAmericas joined forces to control the drug trade and joined forces to control the drug trade and

save the rain forestssave the rain forests

Page 13: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 3: Mexico, Central Section 3: Mexico, Central America and the CaribbeanAmerica and the Caribbean

Summary:Summary: During the postwar era, several Central American During the postwar era, several Central American

countries were battered by civil wars, while Mexico countries were battered by civil wars, while Mexico had little turmoilhad little turmoil

Page 14: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 3: Mexico, Central Section 3: Mexico, Central America and the CaribbeanAmerica and the Caribbean

After WWII, Mexico worked to cut foreign After WWII, Mexico worked to cut foreign influenceinfluence It built the second largest economy in Latin AmericaIt built the second largest economy in Latin America What had been a farm economy became a mostly What had been a farm economy became a mostly

urban, industrial oneurban, industrial one

Page 15: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 3: Mexico, Central Section 3: Mexico, Central America and the CaribbeanAmerica and the Caribbean

Mexico enjoyed success, but faced troubles, Mexico enjoyed success, but faced troubles, tootoo In the late 1970s, new oil fields and high energy In the late 1970s, new oil fields and high energy

prices meant economic boomprices meant economic boom When the 1980s brought world When the 1980s brought world recessionrecession, a time , a time

when business is poor, oil prices fell and Mexico when business is poor, oil prices fell and Mexico went into debtwent into debt

Although foreign factories were built to make use of Although foreign factories were built to make use of cheap Mexican labor, there were never enough jobscheap Mexican labor, there were never enough jobs

The gap between rich and poor remainedThe gap between rich and poor remained

Page 16: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 3: Mexico, Central Section 3: Mexico, Central America and the CaribbeanAmerica and the Caribbean

Central America, too, had gaps between rich Central America, too, had gaps between rich and poorand poor Leaders stole from the poor and killed those who Leaders stole from the poor and killed those who

spoke out against themspoke out against them Cruelty, corrupt rule and poverty sparked civil wars in Cruelty, corrupt rule and poverty sparked civil wars in

Nicaragua, Guatemala and El SalvadorNicaragua, Guatemala and El Salvador Because the U.S. saw most rebels as communist threats, it Because the U.S. saw most rebels as communist threats, it

helped some military dictators to hold on to powerhelped some military dictators to hold on to power

Page 17: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 3: Mexico, Central Section 3: Mexico, Central America and the CaribbeanAmerica and the Caribbean

After a period of harsh rule, the island of Haiti After a period of harsh rule, the island of Haiti held free elections in 1990held free elections in 1990 A priest, A priest, Jean-Bertrand AristideJean-Bertrand Aristide, won the election , won the election

but was exiled in a military coupbut was exiled in a military coup The U.S. helped to bring Aristide back to build a The U.S. helped to bring Aristide back to build a

democracydemocracy It was a hard job because Haiti was the poorest nation in It was a hard job because Haiti was the poorest nation in

Latin AmericaLatin America The old ruling class did not care about human rightsThe old ruling class did not care about human rights People wondered if the new democracy could survivePeople wondered if the new democracy could survive

Page 18: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 4: Section 4: Focus on Argentina and BrazilFocus on Argentina and Brazil

Summary:Summary: History and geography have shaped Argentina’s History and geography have shaped Argentina’s

and Brazil’s efforts to develop stable governments and Brazil’s efforts to develop stable governments and strong economiesand strong economies

Page 19: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 4: Section 4: Focus on Argentina and BrazilFocus on Argentina and Brazil

Argentina and Brazil are the largest South Argentina and Brazil are the largest South American nationsAmerican nations Each has had its ups and downs while building Each has had its ups and downs while building

democracy and a strong economydemocracy and a strong economy

Page 20: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 4: Section 4: Focus on Argentina and BrazilFocus on Argentina and Brazil

In 1946, Argentina made Juan Peron presidentIn 1946, Argentina made Juan Peron president Nationalists liked his ban on foreign-owned Nationalists liked his ban on foreign-owned

businessbusiness The urban poor liked higher wages, strong labor The urban poor liked higher wages, strong labor

unions and social reformsunions and social reforms Peron, and his wife Eva worked to be popularPeron, and his wife Eva worked to be popular Eva helped the poor, building clinics and child-care Eva helped the poor, building clinics and child-care

centerscenters To gain votes for her husband, she helped women in To gain votes for her husband, she helped women in

Argentina win the voteArgentina win the vote

Page 21: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 4: Section 4: Focus on Argentina and BrazilFocus on Argentina and Brazil

While Peron wooed the urban poor, he put While Peron wooed the urban poor, he put down opposition to his strict ruledown opposition to his strict rule His economic policies led to huge debts, and in His economic policies led to huge debts, and in

1955 he lost power in a military coup1955 he lost power in a military coup

Page 22: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 4: Section 4: Focus on Argentina and BrazilFocus on Argentina and Brazil

In Brazil and Argentina, economic hardships led In Brazil and Argentina, economic hardships led to military coupsto military coups Military leaders in both countries killed their criticsMilitary leaders in both countries killed their critics In the 1980s, democracy returned to Argentina and In the 1980s, democracy returned to Argentina and

Brazil through electionsBrazil through elections It has survivedIt has survived

Page 23: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 4: Section 4: Focus on Argentina and BrazilFocus on Argentina and Brazil

The 1990s brought economic growthThe 1990s brought economic growth Brazil had learned it could not count on exports of Brazil had learned it could not count on exports of

rubber and coffeerubber and coffee In the 1930s it began to In the 1930s it began to diversifydiversify, or make different , or make different

productsproducts The government built an inland capitalThe government built an inland capital It also settled new land and pushed development in the It also settled new land and pushed development in the

AmazonAmazon This spurred economic growth and helped ease overcrowded This spurred economic growth and helped ease overcrowded

cities, but hurt the rain forestscities, but hurt the rain forests

Page 24: Chapter 37: Latin America 1945-Present

Section 4: Section 4: Focus on Argentina and BrazilFocus on Argentina and Brazil

In Argentina, a good economy paid for new In Argentina, a good economy paid for new social programssocial programs The country soon had the highest literacy rate in The country soon had the highest literacy rate in

Latin AmericaLatin America Still, wealth belonged to the fewStill, wealth belonged to the few