Chapter 3 Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

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Republic of the Philippines

NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY

Main Campus I, Dumaguete City

College of Education

CHAPTER III

Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary

Spiders are ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems and abundant in both natural and

agricultural habitats. It has therefore been assumed that spiders play a significant role in

suppressing insect pest population. It also plays an important role as stabilizing agent or

regulators of insect populations in agro ecosystems, forest ecosystems, and in terrestrial

ecosystem.

This research study was established through collection of species of spiders and

insects, preparation of cage set up (A,B & C) and improvised terrarium and gathering of data

by observation.

Findings

The goal of this research study is to determine the effectiveness of the use of spiders

as biological control agent for the suppression of insect pest in plants.

To meet this goal the study revealed the following:

1. Spiders are capable of suppressing or minimizing the number of insect pest in plant by

73% for Heteropoda sp. (Crab Spider), 60% mortality rate for Argiope sp. 47% mortality

rate for Neoscona sp. and 40% mortality rate for cage B.

2. Based on the p- value which is 0.005 using t-Test two sample assuming unequal variance,

there is a significant difference on the number of spider species used and the number of

insect pest being killed or eaten.







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3. The average insect feeding capacity of each selected spiders are: 1.8 insects per day for

Argiope sp., 1.2 insects per day for Gasteracantha sp., 1.4 insects per day for Neoscona

sp. and 2.2 insects per day for Heteropoda sp.

4. The spider that has the highest feeding capacity been spider D ( Heteropoda sp.)

consuming a total of eleven numbers of insects within five days. In contrast, the lowest

feeding capacity on the four genera of spiders was spider B (Gasteracantha sp.)

consuming only a total of six (6) numbers of insects.

Conclusions

From the above findings the following conclusion are made.

1. Feeding activity of selected species of spiders manifest that they are capable of

minimizing the number of insect pest that destroy plants.

2. There is a significant difference on the number of spider species used and the number of

insect pest being killed or eaten.

3. The average feeding capacity of each selected species of spiders was highest in

Heteropoda sp., moderately high in Argiope sp., moderately low in Neoscona sp. and

lowest in Gasteracantha sp.

4..The species with the highest feeding capacity among the four genera of spiders was

Heteropoda sp. which consumed an average of 2.2 insects per day and a total of eleven

(11) insects within five days observations.

Recommendations

Based from the findings and conclusion formulated in this research study, the

following recommendations are hereby proposed:







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1. Use of different species of spiders and insects representing each genus to identify their

feeding capacity.

2. Conduct a study through actual/direct observation in the fields. Compare the results

between experimental study and actual observation in the fields.

3. Use more appropriate materials and equipment in the study.







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Appendices

Appendix 1.1 Feeding Activity of Spiders for Day 1

Species of Spiders No. of

Spider/s percage

No. of Insects

per cage

No. of Insects

Survival percage

% Insects

Mortality percage

Argiope sp.

Gasteracantha sp. Neoscona sp.

Heteropoda sp.

2

22

2

15

1515

15

13

1314

13

13.33

13.336.67

13.33

Appendix 1.2Feeding Activity of Spiders for Day 2

Species of Spiders No. of Spider/s

per cage

No. of Insects

per cage

No. of Insects

Survival per

cage

% Insects

Mortality per

cage

Argiope sp.Gasteracantha sp.

Neoscona sp.

Heteropoda sp.

22

2

2

1313

14

13

1112

12

10

15.387.69

14.29

23.08


Species of Spiders No. ofSpider/s per

cage

No. of Insects per cage

No. of InsectsSurvival per

cage

% InsectsMortality per

cage







36

Argiope sp.

Gasteracantha sp. Neoscona sp.

Heteropoda sp.

2

22

2

11

1212

10

9

1110

8

18.18

8.3316.67

20


Species of Spiders No. of Spider/s

per cage

No. of Insects

per cage

No. of Insects

Survival per

cage

% Insects

Mortality per

cage

Argiope sp.Gasteracantha sp.

Neoscona sp.

Heteropoda sp.

22

2

2

911

10

8

810

9

6

11.119.09

10

25


Species of Spiders No. of Spider/s per cage

No. of Insects per cage

No. of InsectsSurvival per

cage

% InsectsMortality per

cage

Argiope sp.

Gasteracantha sp.

Neoscona sp.

Heteropoda sp.

2

2

2

2

8

10

9

6

6

9

8

3

25

10

11.11

50







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Appendix 2Summary of Feeding Activity of Spiders

Species of Spiders Average % Mortality

Argiope sp.

Gasteracantha sp.

Neoscona sp.

Heteropoda sp.

60%40%

47%

73%







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Name: Pablo A. Ragay Jr

Profession: Student

Address: Northern Junob,

Dumaguete City

Provincial Address: Negros Oriental

Age: 19 years old

Date of Birth: August 2, 1994

Civil Status: Single

Name of Parents:

Mother: Joventina A. Ragay

Father: Pablo G. Ragay Sr.

Educational Attainment:

Elementary: West City Elementary School

Secondary: Negros Oriental High School

Tertiary: Negros Oriental State University

Course: Bachelor of Secondary Education

major in Biological Science

Organization:

Name of Organization Position

Life Science Society Secretary







39

Name: MavreenSiegred E.Rado

Profession: Student

Address: Barangay 4, Poblacion, Siaton,

Negros Oriental


Age: 19 years old

Date of Birth: January 28, 1995


Name of Parents:

Mother: Menchie E. Rado

Father: Jovenal P. Rado


Elementary: Felipe Tayco Memorial School

Secondary: Siaton National High School


Course: Bachelor of Secondary Education major in Biological Science

Organization:


Life Science Society Member







40

Name: Roygen T. Pesalbon

Profession: Student

Address: SitioSamoyao, Barangay

Yupisan, Pamplona

Negros Oriental


Age: 20 years old

Date of Birth: November 05, 1993


Name of Parents:

Mother: Evelyn T. Pesalbon

Father: Dioscoro R. Pesalbon


Elementary: Samoyao Elementary School/ Ilalan Elementary School

Secondary: Isidoro Salma Memorial High School



Organization:


Life Science Society (LSS) Member







41

Name: Keiryl A. Agustin

Profession: Student

Address: Poblacion, Mabinay

Negros Oriental


Age: 18 years old

Date of Birth: November 14, 1995


Name of Parents:

Mother: Angie A. Agustin

Father: Eulogio E. Agustin Jr.


Elementary: Mabinay Central School

Secondary: Mabinay National High School



Organization:


Life Science Society (LSS) Member

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Chapter 3 Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations