Growth of Colonial America

Chapter 3

Exploration and Settlement by France, Holland, and Spain◦ Dynamics

Desire for spices Break Italian monopoly Renaissance

◦ Spain Explorers

Columbus, Cortes, Coronado etc.

Three G’s Negative impact on natives

◦ France Explorers Overlap of settlements Peaceful coexistence

◦ Dutch Henry Hudson Colony in New York

Review!

Types of Colonies◦ Corporate

Jamestown Joint-stock companies investments

◦ Royal VA 1624 Direct rule by King

◦ Proprietary MD, PA Gifts given to

individuals by King

Every colony has to have a CHARTER from King◦ Aka permission

Establishment of Colonies

1607 Founder

◦ Virginia Company of London

Purpose◦ Wealth, Northwest

Passage Type

◦ Corporate◦ Joint-stock companies◦ Royal Colony in 1624

Government◦ Elected assembly 1619◦ House of Burgesses

*assembly returns for tax under Charles I 1628: bi-cameral

◦ County-court system Basic unit of government

Economy◦ Tobacco Plantations

50 year depression

Workers◦ 1st White indentured workers

90% of population for the Chesapeake

◦ Soon slaves Slavery a racial status in 1670

Special Characteristics◦ Followed Anglican church◦ More men than women◦ Later big gap between rich planters

and poor farmers = bacon’s rebellion

Virginia

1620 Founder

◦ Puritans Purpose

◦ Escape religious persecution Plymouth: separatists MBS: puritans, “City

Upon a Hill”

Type◦ Corporate◦ Joint-Stock Companies◦ Royal Colony in 1691

Government◦ General Court

Towns send 2 delegates

◦ Local government Town meetings

Local administration Determine qualifications for voting, holding

office

◦ NO separation of church and state Economy

◦ Not suited for farming◦ Lumber, fish, furs◦ Subsistence◦ Vibrant merchant class

BIG problem for Puritans

Workers◦ Some indentured servants◦ Mainly family members◦ Few to NO slaves

Characteristics◦ Dissenters- NO tolerance

Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Thomas Hooker

◦ Dominated by Puritan influence Creation of Public Education Harvard – train ministers

Massachuesetts

1626 Founder

◦ Dutch◦ Originally called

New Netherland Purpose

◦ Trade New

Type◦ For Dutch: Joint-

stock companies (Dutch West India Company)

◦ 1664- Taken by English “bloodless battle” King wants new way

to raise revenue through rent and taxes

◦ Royal Colony 1685

Government◦ Continually changed

Economy◦ Trade◦ Small-scale industry◦ Some agriculture◦ Vibrant merchant class

Sets up future issues with mercantilism

Workers◦ Indentured servants◦ Families◦ Few slaves

Characteristics◦ First multi-ethnic colony

8 languages spoken

◦ New Amsterdam (NYC) becomes major trading port

◦ Influence of Swedish introduces log cabin

New York

1633 Founder

◦ Cecil Calvert Aka Lord Baltimore

Purpose◦ Catholic haven

Type◦ Proprietary◦ 1st one awarded◦ NEVER becomes Royal

Colony

Government◦ Assembly (Royal influence)

Economy◦ Tobacco

Workers◦ Indentured servants◦ Slaves

Slavery recognized in as a status in 1661

Special Characteristics◦ Religious issues◦ More Protestant farmers

that Catholic planters◦ Act of religious toleration

1649

Maryland

1636 Founder

◦ Roger Williams Purpose

◦ Persecuted by MBC for belief in separation of church and state

Type◦ Proprietary charter

given in 1664◦ NEVER becomes Royal

Colony

Government◦ Royal influenced◦ Usually independent

Economy◦ Agriculture dominant◦ Small farms◦ Modest in scope

Workers◦ Indentured servants◦ Families◦ Few slaves

Characteristics◦ Wanted religious freedom

and tolerance

Rhode Island

1636 Founder

◦ Rev. Thomas Hooker Purpose

◦ Religious toleration◦ Left Mass.

Type◦ Proprietary Charter 1662◦ NEVER becomes Royal

colony

Government ◦ Wrote 1st constitution in

History (1639)◦ Representative government

with legislature Popular vote Governor chosen by legislature

Economy◦ Self-sufficient◦ Agriculture/ fishing

Workers◦ farmers

Characteristics◦ Future site of Pequot War

Connecticut

1638◦ 1702 granted from William

Penn Founder

◦ Peter Minut◦ New Sweden

Purpose◦ Support Swedish trade

Type◦ Proprietary

Became part of New York with “bloodless battle” against Dutch

◦ Granted to William Penn in 1681 as part of his Proprietary

◦ NEVER a Royal colony

Government ◦ Penn had a very hard time governing

Delaware because the economy and geology was largely the same as that of the Chesapeake. He attempted to merge the governments of Pennsylvania and the lower counties of Delaware. Representatives from both areas clashed heavily and in 1701 Penn agreed in having two separate assemblies.

Economy◦ trade

Workers◦ Traders◦ Indentured servants

Characteristics◦ Delaware, like Philadelphia and unlike

Maryland, continued to be a melting pot of sorts and was home to Swedes, Finns, Dutch, French, in addition to the English who constituted the dominant culture.

Delaware

1638 Founder

◦ John Wheelwright◦ People from

Hampshire, England Purpose

◦ Profit from fisheries Type

◦ Proprietary first◦ Royal 1668

Created by King to take control away from Mass.

◦ Royal Colony 1679

Government◦ Early period:

lack of government

◦ Protected by MBC

Economy◦ Fishing, lumber

Workers◦ Self-sufficient

Characteristics◦ Pretty boring

New Hampshire

1653◦ Carolina’s divided in

1712 Founder

◦ Proprietors Purpose

◦ Sell land, make profit Type

◦ Proprietary◦ Land given to 8 nobles

Included South Carolina

◦ Royal Colony 1729

Government◦ King appointed Governor

Economy◦ Tobacco, Rice, Indigo◦ Some plantations◦ More self-sufficient farms◦ *compatible with

Mercantilism Workers

◦ Indentured servants◦ Some slaves

Characteristics◦ More self-sufficient farms

than S. Carolina◦ Followed Anglican church

North Carolina

1663 Founder

◦ Part of Carolina 8 Nobles

Purpose◦ To make profit

through trade and selling land

Type◦ Proprietary◦ Royal Colony 1729

Government◦ King appointed Governor

Economy◦ Rice, Indigo

Plantations dominate

◦ *works well with mercantilism Workers

◦ Native first◦ Slaves

By 1750 = 61% of population

Characteristics◦ Develops Rice crop

Leads to massive increase in Slavery

◦ Followed Anglican church◦ Lots of interaction with natives

Yamessee Queen Anne’s War

South Carolina

Settled 1610s Founder

◦ Lord Berkeley◦ Dutch settlers

Purpose◦ Part of New

Netherlands Type

◦ Proprietary◦ proprietary colony

in 1664◦ Royal colony in

1702

Government◦ Proprietor appt. Governor 1st◦ King appointed Governor

Economy◦ trade

Workers◦ Indentured servants◦ Self-sufficient◦ traders

Characteristics◦ To attract settlers promised

religious freedom

New Jersey

1682 Founder

◦ William Penn Purpose

◦ “Holy Experiment”◦ Quakers

Type◦ Proprietary◦ NEVER a Royal

Colony

Government◦ King appointed Governor

Economy◦ Some small-scale industry◦ agriculture◦ Trade centers◦ Vibrant merchant class

*not compatible with mercantilism

Workers◦ Indentured servants◦ Families◦ Few to NO slaves

Characteristics◦ Haven for Quakers (Society of

Friends)◦ Committed to non-violence and

social justice◦ Good relations with natives◦ Philadelphia “city of brotherly love”

Cultural center

Pennsylvania

1732 Founder

◦ James Oglethorpe Purpose

◦ Help people avoid English debtor’s prisons

◦ Haven for Protestants Type

◦ Royal Charter◦ Royal Colony in 1752

Government◦ Royal appt. governor

Economy◦ Eventually plantations

Workers◦ Indentured workers◦ Slaves (eventually)

Characteristics◦ Felons◦ Oglethorpe had strict rules like no

alcohol◦ Allowed only to be a buffer state

and free over-crowded prisons

Georgia