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Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

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Page 1: Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism

Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

Page 2: Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

The Congress of Vienna• Congress of Vienna began in 1814

to arrange a final peace settlement between European nations after Napoleon’s defeat. (SG12)

• Prince Klemens von Metternich dominated the meetings and was guided by the “principle of legitimacy” (SG12):– Lawful monarchs before Napoleon

would be restored to power.• The Congress was most interest in

creating a “balance of power” between states and rearranged territory to accomplish this. (SG12)

Page 3: Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

Conservatism and the Balance of Power• Metternich and the rulers of Europe

believed in the political philosophy known as conservatism:– Based on tradition and a belief in the

value of social stability. (SG13)– Most conservatives favored obedience to

political authority (e.g. monarchs). (SG13)– Hate revolutions and were unwilling to

accept demands for individual rights or representative government. (SG13)

• To maintain the balance of power Great Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria pledge to meet at times to take steps necessary to maintain peace.

• These meetings became known as the Concert of Europe.

Page 4: Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

Principle of Intervention• To maintain the balance of power

the great powers adopted a “principle of intervention”: (SG14)– The great powers had right to send

armies into countries where there were revolutions in order to restore legitimate monarchs to power.

• Great Britain refused to accept this principle. They argued that other nations internal affairs should not be interfered with.

• The other great powers used military force to crush revolutions in Spain and Italy and restore monarchies.

Page 5: Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

Liberalism• Liberalism: (SG15)

– The political philosophy that holds that people should be as free as possible from government restraint.

• Liberals had a common set of political beliefs:– Equality before the law.– Freedom of assembly, speech and the press.– All individual rights should be guaranteed by a

written document (e.g. Bill of Rights).– Favor constitutional governments (e.g.

constitutional monarchy).– Did not believe in democracy where everyone

could vote, especially not the lower/working class.

• Most Liberals came from the Industrial Middle Class/Bourgeoisie.

Page 6: Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

Nationalism• The power of nationalism grew during the 19th

century.• Nationalism arose when people began to identify

themselves as part of a community defined by: – A distinctive language.– Common institutions.– Common customs.

• Nationalism was a strong motivation for a united Germany and Italy. (SG16)

• A threat to existing political order, as a united Germany would be a threat to the balance of power. (SG16)

Page 7: Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

Revolutionary Outbursts• Beginning in 1830, revolutions

fueled by liberalism and nationalism challenged the conservative domination of Europe.

• In France, Charles X was overthrown and replaced by Louis Philippe, a constitutional monarch.

• Belgium rebelled and created an independent state.

• Poland and Italy both rebelled but were crushed by Russia and Austria respectively.

Page 8: Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

Revolutions of 1848 - ActivityNewspapers

Instructions:•Break into groups of 4-5•Try and get it right on your own or I will number you off and make the groups that way.•Take a “Newspaper Activity Handout Packet” from the desk.

Page 9: Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

Revolutions of 1848 - Activity• As a group select your nation from:– France (1 group)– Austria (1 group)– Italian States (2 groups)– German States (2 groups)

• Assign Reporter Roles in Group:– 1 Recap of Events article– 1 Important Figure biopic article– 1 Pro-liberalism editorial– 1 Pro-conservative editorial– 1 Sports & Entertainment articles (only if group is

more than 4)

Page 10: Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

Revolutions of 1848 - Activity

• Take 15-20 minutes to write your article on the worksheet proved. Make sure to write your name at the top.

• Your article needs to be the following:– At least two to three full paragraphs.– Be accurate and legible.– Accompanied by a hand drawn “photo”.

Page 11: Chapter 19: Industrialization and Nationalism Section 2: Reaction and Revolution

Revolutions of 1848 - Activity• Get a sheet of butcher paper (I will provide).• Get markers from the white basket on the

desk.• As a group layout your front page for the

newspaper.• Take turns copying your articles and pictures

onto the newspaper.• When you are done take an Industrialization

Crossword and Europe/Asia Map worksheet.• Work quietly on the worksheet until the

whole class has finished.