Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE: SECTION
ONENATIONALISM GRIPS EUROPE AND ASIAO Postwar Europe experiences
Depression and democracies collapse
O Dictators promise nationalism and expansion
O Problems with the Treaty of Versailles*
DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE
O Joseph Stalin*O Gets rid of private farms and makes
them into collective farmsO Soviet Union became a powerful
nation with his “five year” plans*O Death toll in the millions due to
restructuring, famine, and mistrustO Totalitarian*
DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE
DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE
O Benito Mussolini*O Establishes the Fascist Party based
on fascism*O Marched to Rome with the “Black
Shirts” O Made head of govt. and called
himself Il Duce
DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE
DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE
O Adolf Hitler*O Becomes Der Fuhrer and writes Mein KampfO Nazism*O Aryan race is superior, while inferior races
are meant to serveO Looked for living space for new German
empireO 1. Nazi party gains strength 2. Hitler becomes Chancellor 3. Est. Third Reich government
DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE
O Military leaders in Japan seize control of Manchuria*
O League of Nations condemned Japan; Japan and Germany quit
O Hitler takes over the Rhineland; Ethiopia taken over my Mussolini
O League does nothing
DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE
O Francisco Franco*O 3,000 Americans fight against
Franco, but it is not enoughO Soviet Union sent equipment and
advisors; Germany and Italy sent equipment and troops
O Rome-Berlin Axis formed*
DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE
DICTATORS THREATEN WORLD PEACE
THE UNITED STATES RESPONDS CAUTIOUSLYO Americans want to remain isolatedO Neutrality Acts*O Roosevelt finds a loophole and helps
to supply ChinaO Roosevelt felt we should take action
against agressors
WAR IN EUROPE: SECTION TWO
AUSTRIA AND CZECHOSLAVAKIA FALLO Most Austrians favor Hitler taking
overO Anschluss*O 3 million German speaking people
live in Sudetenland, Czech.O Want to annex this country for living
space and resourcesO Claim for invasion of the country*
WAR IN EUROPEGERMAN OFFENSIVE BEGINSO Meets with France and Britain and
promises that this is the last territoryO Signs the Munich Agreement*O Winston Churchill proclaims appeasement*O Afterward, Hitler takes over the rest of
CzechO Poland is the next conquest with the same
reasoning being usedO Nonagression pact signed*
WAR IN EUROPE
• Sept. 1, 1939 Poland invaded by Luftwaffe
• Blitzkrieg*• Poland falls in two days;
Germany and France declare war
• EastSoviet Union
WestGermany
WAR IN EUROPEO French and British forces sat on the
Maginot Line staring at Germany, waiting for something to happen
O Soviet Union takes over Estonia, Finland,
Latvia, and LithuaniaO Hitler takes over Denmark and Norway
with the following reasons*O Proceeds to take over Netherlands,
Belgium and Luxembourg
WAR IN EUROPE
WAR IN EUROPE
FRANCE AND BRITAIN FIGHT ONO Hitler sneaks around the Allied forces
and goes through NE FranceO 400,000 French and British flee to
Dunkirk where they are trapped—330,000 make it to Britain
O Days later, Italy joins the war and invades S. France, while Germans close in on Paris in the north
WAR IN EUROPE
O Germans occupy N. France and a puppet govt. set up in S. France
O Charles de Gaulle*
O Luftwaffe begin bombing raids over Britain
O Every night for two months
O British Royal Airforce has a new weapon*
THE HOLOCAUST:
SECTION THREE
THE PERSECUTION BEGINS
• Holocaust*• Germans blamed Jews for
loss of WWI and Great Depression
• Took away jobs, property, and citizenship; wear Star of David for identification
• Kristallnacht*
THE HOLOCAUSTO Jews flee to United States, Britain,
France, and Palestine, but numbers are limited
O Americans do not want refugees for fear of job competition and spies
HITLER’S FINAL SOLUTIONO Genocide*O Based on Aryans must be the master
race and it has to be perserved
THE HOLOCAUSTO Targeted Jews, gypsies, Freemasons,
Jehovah’s Witnesses, Catholics, Slavs, homosexuals, mentally ill, physically ill, and terminally ill
O Used death squads*O Ordered into ghettosO Living conditions terrible: dead
bodies, lived in crowed apartments, forced people to work long hours in factories
THE HOLOCAUST
• Dragged from homes or placed in trains or trucks and sent to concentration camps
• Slept wooden barracks that held up to 1,000 people
• Fleas and rats; intense hunger; worked long hours
THE HOLOCAUST
THE HOLOCAUST
THE HOLOCAUST
THE FINAL STAGEO Ghettos and concentration camps
not workingO In 1942, death camps were createdO Gas chambers use Zyklon B; gas
thousands of people each dayO Before the gassing*
THE HOLOCAUSTO Bodies deposited in pits at first; it
was not effectiveO Created crematoriums*O Prisoners were also shot, hanged,
injected with poison, or had to be a part of medical experiments
O Is it on us to solve this problem?
AMERICA MOVES TOWARD WAR: SECTION FOUR
THE UNITED STATES MUSTERS ITS FORCESO Cash and carry method*O Americans are shocked by the
Tripartite Pact and the formation of the Axis Powers*
O Roosevelt asks Congress to increase spending on national defense and Selective Service Act begins to train men
AMERICA MOVES TOWARD WAR
O Britain runs out of money, Roosevelt suggests the Lend-Lease Act*
O June 1941, Hitler breaks his promise and invades Soviet Union; we, now, give money to Soviets
O To prevent lend-lease shipments, German wolf packs were used*
O Roosevelt gives permission to use warships to protect investments (use radar)
AMERICA MOVES TOWARD WAR
FDR PLANS FOR WARO Atlantic Charter*O Roosevelt, despite disapproval,
promises Churchill that he will push for war
O The United Nations, 26 countries, become the Allies to fight the Axis Powers
AMERICA MOVES TOWARD WAR
JAPAN ATTACKS THE UNITED STATESO Hideki Tojo*O Seizes unprotected British, French,
and Dutch territories (Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos)
O U.S. cuts off trade and oil with JapanO Prime Minister Tojo promises the
emperor to keep peace with the Americans
O Yet, ordered the navy to prepare to attack
AMERICA MOVES TOWARD WAR
O Americans able to break Japanese codes and found out about the attacks but did not know when or where
O Peace talks were going on for a month; rejected our peace proposals
O December 7th, 1941*O Less than two hours,
the Japanese had killed 2,403 Americans and wounded 1,178; 21 ships damaged or sunk; 300 aircraft damaged or destroyed
AMERICA MOVES TOWARD WAR
O Roosevelt refers to this as “a date which will live in infamy.”
O Congress approves Roosevelt’s request for war against Japan
O Three days later, Germany and Italy declare war against the United States
