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Chapter 12Empires in East AsiaChapter Objective

Study East Asian empires and analyze the movement of people and ideas among them.Lesson 1: Tang and Song ChinaObjectives for the lesson:Identify the main rulers of the Tang Dynasty.Describe the causes & effects of the Song Dynastys retreat to the south.Summarize the achievements of the Tang & Song empires.Describe changes in Chinese society.Timeline of Chinese DynastiesHan

The Tang Dynasty Expands ChinaTANG TAIZONG

WU ZHAO

Tang Rulers Accomplishments to Expand ChinaUnder their reign of nearly 300 years:Regained lands previous lost from battles; in addition, KoreaStrengthened their central governmentPromoted trade and commerceRestored the civil service systemExam taken to be employed; helped gain social statusFall of the Tang Dynasty3 Factors leading to the fall of the Tang Dynasty:

Imposition of heavy taxesInability to maintain orderSeries of internal rebellionsThe Song Dynasty Restores China

TAIZUFounding member of the Song DynastyHis dynasty ruled a smaller ChinaTrading under his dynasty helped keep the empire prosperousScience & Technology Under Both DynastiesGUNPOWDER

MOVABLE TYPE (video attached)

Science & Technology Under Both DynastiesPORCELAIN

MAGNETIC COMPASS

Science & Technology Under Both DynastiesPAPER MONEY

MECHANICAL CLOCK

They also made advances in arithmetic & algebra, such as using negative numbers. Other AdvancementsAGRICULTUREVariety of fast-ripening rice was imported from Vietnam, allowing farmers to produce more food to feed Chinas expanding population.TRADE & FOREIGN CONTACTSChinese had great sea powerThe magnetic compass allowed them to expand sea tradeAllowed Chinese to exchanged cultural & religious ideas with each otherOther AdvancementsPOETRYLi Bo wrote about lifes pleasures.

Tu Fu wrote about orderliness, Confucian virtues, & soldiers hardships in war.DAOIST ART

Temple on a Mountain Ledge by Kuncan (circa 1661 )Changes in Chinese SocietyLevels of SocietyGentryGained social status through employment & educationUrban middle classMerchants, shopkeepers, skilled artisans, minor officials, & othersBottom classLaborers, soldiers, servantsThe Status of Women

Lily-foot: Upper class girls feet was bound to reflect wealth & prestige of their husband.Women are subservient to men.Lesson 2: The Mongol Conquests

Nomads tended to move west & south across the steppe because of climate. The Nomadic Way of Life

These pastoralists depended on their animals for food, clothing, & housing.Mongol nomads traveled by clans - claimed membership through a common ancestorThe Rise of the Mongols

Genghis Khan (1162? 1227)Formerly known as Temujin until he accepted this title for uniting the Mongol people around 1200. Title means universal rulerBrilliant military strategist and organizer

The Mongol Empire

Genghis Khans successors further expanded the Mongol Empire into Russia, Korea, and Persia.It became the largest unified empire in history.What do you believe made Mongols successful in building an empire?They had a strong leader, Genghis Khan, due to his talent and skills.They were accustomed to scarcity & hardship of nomadic life.They used cruelty as their weapon of intimidation.They were able to maintain control of the huge empire by dividing it into 4 khanates.They imposed peace & stability & encouraged trade.

Lesson 3: The Mongol EmpireBiographyGrandson of Genghis KhanLived most of his life in China instead Mongolia (wasnt a nomad)His RuleBecame Great Khan in 1260, which meant he ruled whole empire.Founder of the Yuan Dynasty.Moved the capital from Mongolia to Beijing in China.United China for the 1st time in 300 years.

KUBLAI KHAN Kublai Khans failure to take Japan

Up until WWII, Kublais 2 invasions of Japan was the largest seaborne invasion in history.Japan believed it was divine intervention, the kamikaze (divine winds), that saved them from the Mongols.Mongol Rule in ChinaGovernmentPosts were given either to Mongols or foreignersMongols felt Chinese were dishonestInfrastructureRebuilt & extended the Grand CanalEnsured steady supply of food between north & south

Mongol Rule in ChinaForeign Trade flourishesForeign traders were invited by Kublai KhanMarco Polo was a European trader who became a personal aide to Kublai Khan.Traders mainly used Silk Roads to travel to & from China.Popular trade products were Chinese silk and inventions

MARCO POLOThe End of Mongol RuleCauses that weakened & ended the empireDeath of Kublai Khan, causing differences between family membersOvertaxed Chinese citizensGovernment corruptionOverspending on war, public works, & luxuriesChinese rebellionsChinese rebels eventually overthrew the Yuan Dynasty.

Lesson 4: Feudal Powers in Japan

Geography of Japan

Archipelago of 4,000 islands:4 Main IslandsHokkaidoHonshuShikokuKyushu

Early JapanOrigin of NameRI-BEN: origin of the sun or land of the rising sunFaithShinto: Believed in kami (divine spirits)Spirits were believed to live in a beautiful tree, waterfall, rock, or mountain.

Japanese Culture: Cultural Borrowing from ChinaBuddhismIntroduced by Korean immigrantsJapanese blended their Shinto beliefs with BuddhismKoreans brought Chinese influence.Most of Chinese practice influenced Japan except for the civil service system.

Life in the Heian PeriodHeian Period (794 1185)Capital of Japan: Heian (now called Kyoto)Highly refined court society aroseRules dictated every aspect of lifeAll were expected to write poetry & paintPicture at right: The Tale of Genji, written by Lady Murasaki, was the first known novel.

Feudalism Erodes Imperial AuthorityDecline of Central PowerLarge landowners set up private armiesThese landowners became warlords Japan became lawless and dangerousWars between warlords became commonplaceSmall farmers exchanged parts of their land to warlords in exchange for protection.Warriors in Feudal Japan

SamuraiWorked for warlordsLived by BushidoThey believed in dying an honorable deathCommitted suicide rather than face dishonor or defeatThe Kamakura Shogunate

ShogunHad powers of a military dictatorYoritomo (at left) was the first shogunKamakura shoguns were the rulers when Kublai Khan twice tried to invade Japan.Lesson 5: Kingdoms of Southeast Asia & Korea

Southeast Asias GeographyLandLies between the Indian & Pacific OceansMade up of 2 main parts: Indochina & the IslandsStarted south of China (Dai Viet aka Vietnam) stretching all the way almost to AustraliaClimateWarm, humid tropicsSeasonal monsoons

Influence of India and China on Southeast AsiaInfluenced by India & China in:Political systemReligion (Hindu & Buddhism)Art and Language

Right: Vishnu, Hindu supreme godKhmer Empire and Srivijaya EmpireKHMER EMPIREMain power of Southeast Asia

Prospered through rice cultivation

Capital was AngkorLocation of Angkor Wat

Now called CambodiaSRIVIJAYA EMPIRERuled the Strait of Malacca & around the waters of Sumatra, Borneo, & Java.

Capital was PalembangCenter of Buddhist learning

Prospered through taxing trade

Ly Dynasty Accomplishments in Ruling Dai VietDai Viet (Vietnam) was more influenced by China than India.Capital was Hanoi, which held a strong central government.Improved road/river transportationPromoted agriculture & trade.

Ly Thai To 1st Vietnamese emperor of Ly DynastyView Vietnam and Korea

Koreas GeographyLandPeninsula stretching from Asian mainland toward Japan.Mountainous & surrounded by sea, they were somewhat isolatedClimateExperiences the four seasons

Koryu Dynasty & Culture in KoreaInfluenced mainly by ChinaPolitical systemsDespite civil service system, noble people still had the best positions.Survived Mongol occupationLate overthrown by Yi DynastyCulture best known in artCeladon Pottery Wooden blocks for Buddhist scriptures

Wang Kon founder of Koryu DynastyKorean Culture

(L): Celadon pottery