Chapter 1 ReviewChapter 1 Review

Living Things & Scientific Living Things & Scientific InvestigationInvestigation

ScienceScience

• The study of the natural world and The study of the natural world and natural phenomena to improve our natural phenomena to improve our way of life.way of life.

Scientific InvestigationScientific Investigation

• Observation- is gathering data Observation- is gathering data through using 5 senses.through using 5 senses.

• Data – is the information gathered Data – is the information gathered through observation and recording through observation and recording experimental results.experimental results.

Inference Inference

• Inference – is to use PRIOR Inference – is to use PRIOR knowledge to make a decision or knowledge to make a decision or propose a solution to a problem.propose a solution to a problem.

VariablesVariables

• Manipulated – is the independent Manipulated – is the independent variable that is changed on purpose variable that is changed on purpose to test the hypothesis.to test the hypothesis.

• Responding – is the dependent Responding – is the dependent variable that changes based on the variable that changes based on the manipulative, it is measurable in manipulative, it is measurable in comparison to the control.comparison to the control.

ControlControl

• Control -The part of the experiment Control -The part of the experiment used for comparison that goes used for comparison that goes unchanged.unchanged.

ReproductionReproduction

• Sexual – two parents are needed to Sexual – two parents are needed to produce offspring.produce offspring.

• Asexual – one parent has both sex Asexual – one parent has both sex organs to produce offspring alone.organs to produce offspring alone.

HypothesisHypothesis

• 1. Is a proposed scientific 1. Is a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations.explanation for a set of observations.

• 2. Educated guess!2. Educated guess!

Cell CultureCell Culture

• Groups of cells developed from one Groups of cells developed from one original cell.original cell.

DataData

• Information gathered from an Information gathered from an experiment.experiment.

EvolveEvolve

• To change over time.To change over time.

Metric SystemMetric System

• Decimal system based on certain Decimal system based on certain standards and scaled on the standards and scaled on the multiples of 10.multiples of 10.

HomeostasisHomeostasis

• Process of keeping internal Process of keeping internal conditions fairly constant.conditions fairly constant.

Cell fractionationCell fractionation

• Technique that separates different Technique that separates different cell partscell parts

MicroscopeMicroscope

• A device that produces images of A device that produces images of structures that are too small to see structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye.with the unaided eye.

BiologyBiology

• The science that seeks to understand The science that seeks to understand the living world.the living world.

TheoryTheory

• Well-tested explanation that unifies a Well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations.broad range of observations.

Spontaneous GenerationSpontaneous Generation

•Spontaneous Generation TheorySpontaneous Generation Theory was was disproved disproved by Redi’s “Flies by Redi’s “Flies produce Maggots,” experiment with produce Maggots,” experiment with the meat in the jars..the meat in the jars..

CellCell

• A collection of living matter enclosed A collection of living matter enclosed in an barrier (membrane) that in an barrier (membrane) that separates it from its surroundings.separates it from its surroundings.

MetabolismMetabolism

• The chemical change in an organism. The chemical change in an organism. The chemical flow rate inside of an The chemical flow rate inside of an organism that builds up or breaks organism that builds up or breaks down materials.down materials.

MicroscopeMicroscope

• Compound Light Microscope – has two Compound Light Microscope – has two lenses and a light.lenses and a light.

• Scanning Electron Microscope – passes Scanning Electron Microscope – passes electrons electrons acrossacross a specimen and a specimen and produces and image on a screen.produces and image on a screen.

• Transmission Electron Microscope- passes Transmission Electron Microscope- passes electrons electrons throughthrough the specimen send s the specimen send s the image to the screen.the image to the screen.

Living ThingsLiving Things

• MoleculesMolecules

• OrganellesOrganelles

• CellsCells

• TissuesTissues

• OrgansOrgans

• Organ SystemsOrgan Systems

• OrganismsOrganisms

Living Things NeedsLiving Things Needs

• MacromoleculesMacromolecules– Carbohydrates - SugarsCarbohydrates - Sugars– Lipids – fats and oilsLipids – fats and oils– Proteins – amino acid combinationsProteins – amino acid combinations– Nucleic Acids – deoxyribose sugars and Nucleic Acids – deoxyribose sugars and

ribose sugars with nucleotides ribose sugars with nucleotides

Living Things UseLiving Things Use

• Energy – is heat released to do work.Energy – is heat released to do work.– Measured in calories.Measured in calories.

• Water – to preserve, protects, and Water – to preserve, protects, and transport nutrients, minerals, and transport nutrients, minerals, and energy products.energy products.

• Senses – to react to the environmentSenses – to react to the environment

Living Things UseLiving Things Use

• Nutrients – to build and replace parts Nutrients – to build and replace parts

• Minerals – to restore, replace and Minerals – to restore, replace and preserve energy.preserve energy.

• Vitamins – small amounts provide Vitamins – small amounts provide balance nutrition balance nutrition