Chap 24 – Urinary System

Learning Objectives1. Describe the basic anatomy of

the urinary system.2. Describe the gross anatomy of

the kidney.3. Describe the anatomy of a

nephron and its role in filtration.4. Explain the formation of dilute

versus concentrated urine.5. Describe the normal physical

and chemical properties of urine.6. List several abnormal urine

components, and name the condition characterized by the presence of detectable amounts of each.

PREDICT

How many 2L bottles full of fluid do your kidneys filter every day from the bloodstream?

a. 10

b. 30

c. 60

d. 80

e. 100

Discussion

What kind of stuff do our kidneys filter?

Focus on Kidney Disease There are many diseases that threaten the

kidneys. Lets hear one family’s story:

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2528912072005025327&q=kidney+dialysis&total=114&start=20&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=5

Other DiseasesWhat are kidney stones?

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6428245723031764349&q=kidney+stones&total=225&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=2

Chemical Composition of Urine

Water = ___

Solutes & nitrogenous wastes = ___

- Urea (normal breakdown of amino acids)

- Uric acid (end product of nucleic acid metabolism)

- Creatine (from skeletal muscle/ ATP useage)

- Na+, K+, ammonia, etc.

Physical Characteristics of Urine• Color & Transparency Clear – Pale – Deep Yellow

Yellow color due to pigment _________ (results from bodys destruction of hemoglobin (via bilirubin and bile)

Ph = __

Abnormal Urinary Constituents, pg 900

1. Glucose – glycosuria as in ________

2. Protein – proteinuria which could indicate heart failure, severe hypertension or ___________

3. Ketone – ketonuria may indicate __________

4. Bile – bilirubinuria may indicate ___________

5. RBC’s – hematuria may be a sign of _______ in the urinary tract

6. WBC’s – pyuria may indicate ________ in the urinary tract

Alternative Use For Urine?• Ecological Sanitation in Romania –

successful results from testing urine as fertilizer

• Human urine from a school's urine-diverting toilets proves to be an excellent fertilizer for a maize field

“In spring 2005, the urine of the schoolchildren - after septization through storing - was used as a fertilizer on a maize field of the local medical doctor. The doctor is extremely satisfied with the results. Urine is an excellent fertilizer. The quality of the maize which had been given urine was much better than the maize which had not been given urine.”

Urinary System• ______ - ‘star of the

show’; main organ of filtration and water balance

• ______ – slender tubes that take urine from the kidneys to the bladder

• ______ - smooth, collapsible muscular sac that temporarily stores urine

• ______ - thin-walled muscular tube that drains urine out of the body

NOTE the position of the renal artery & vein

Structure of the Bladder

_______ - smooth muscle layer (means ‘thrust out”)

3 layers:

Epithelium called _____________

Fibrous layer or _____________

Also has spinchters

___________ - area with openings for ureters and urethra