Changes in Stratigraphic Nomenclature by the U . S . Geological Survey,

-

By NORMAN F. SOHL and WILNA B. WRIGHT

C O N T R I B U T I O N S T O STRATIGRAPHY

G E O L O G I C A L S U R V E Y B U L L E T I N 1 4 5 7 - A

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1978

CONTENTS

Page I

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2J,$rtiag of noaenclatural changes 3 h i e i o n of the age of the Pancho Rico Formation, cen t ra l . . . . . . . Coast Range., Cal i fornia , by Warren 0. M d i c o t t 88 Tho Bugle and Witch Members of the Keating Formation,

Ercabrora Group, and t h e Mieeiesippian nomenclature I n the Big Hatchet Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico, by Augurtus K, Armstrong and Bernard L. Mamet . . . . . . . . 90

m i - d ages of Cambrian and Ordovician formations of the Conestoga Valley near Pork and Lancaster, eoutheaatern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pentmylvania, by Gregory S. Gohn 94

Th. Sandy Spriags Group and re la ted roclce i n the Georgia Piedmont; nomenclature and s t ra t igraphy, by Michael W. Higgim and Keith I. McConnell . . , . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Rest r ic t ion and renaming of the Neruokpuk Formation, north- eas te rn Alaska, by Hi l lard N. Reieer, Donald K. Norris, J. Thomas Dutro, Jr., and William P. ~roege' . . . . . . . . . 106

Age of the Metaline Limestone o r Formation i n northeastern Warhington, by John E. Repetski . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Ages of the Lee, Brea th i t t , Caseyville, Tradewater, and S tu rg i s F o r m a t i o ~ i n Kentucky, by Charles L. Rice . . . . . . . . . 108

C o r d zones and problems of Mississippian s t ra t igraphy i n the Will iston basin, Montana and North Dakota, by William J. Sando . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Twin River Group (upper Eocene to lower Miocene)-defined t o include the Hoko River, Makeh, and Pysht Formations, Clallam County, Washington, by Parke D. Snavely, Jr., Alan R. N i u , and James E. Pear l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 1

Age and continuity of the Valdez Group, southern Alaska, by R u s a l l G. Tysdal a d George Plafker . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

References c i t e d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Author index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

,. CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY

RESTRICTION AND RENAMING OF THE NERUOKPUK FORMATION, NORTHEASTERN ALASKA

2 By H i l h r d N. ~ e i ~ r ! . Donald K. Norris, J. Thomas Dutro, Jr., and William P. ~ r o s g %

E. de K. Leffingwell (1919, p. 103-105, pl.11) mapped a d i s t i n c t i v e q u a r t z i t e s c h i s t f ran the Canning River eastward t o the Jago River. Be described the s c h i s t , which he considered pre-Carboniferous, a s being typ ica l ly developed a t Lake Peters and named i t the Neruokpuk Schis t , s t a t i n g t h a t the name is taken from the Eskimo name f o r Lakes Peters and Schrader. And indeed, Lake Peters , the southern of these two joined lakes, i s surrounded by mountains t h a t a re underlain by t h i s quar t z i t e sch i s t .

Subsequent mapping by geologis ts of the U.S. Geological Survey i n and e a s t of i t s type a rea expanded t h e Neruokpuk t o include addi t ional rock types (BroegQ and others , 1962; Reed, 1968; Reiser, 1970; Sable, 1977), and i ts name was revised t o Neruokpuk Formation. I n 1972, its age was revised t o Precambrian, Cambrian, and post-Cambrian pre- Mississippian on the bas i s of marine fauna from some p a r t s (Dutro and others , 1972). The q u a r t z i t e s c h i s t was designated a Precambrian member of the Neruokpuk, and 11 o the r l i t h o l o g i c a l l y d i s t i n c t members were described.

Geologists working i n northeastern Alaska and i n the adjoining northwestern pa r t of Canada have found the name Neruokpuk Formation confusing a s now applied because of the g rea t va r i e ty of rock types and the exteneive age range of the uni t .

To remedy the present confusion, we propose tha t (1) the name Neruokpuk be again r e s t r i c t e d t o the rocks l i t h o l o g i c a l l y co r re la t ive and homotaxial with the type Neruokpuk a s o r i g i n a l l y described by Leffingwell, and (2) t h a t the name Neruokpuk Quartzite be used t o r e f l e c t t h i s r e s t r i c t e d usage.

l/U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif . - 2/Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Z/U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C.

f

According t o t h i s new usage, basement rocks i n the wel ls d r i l l e d i n northeastern Alaska should no longer be referred t o the Neruokpuk unless they s u f f i c i e n t l y resemble the quar t z i t e s c h i s t a t i ts type loca l i ty . A l i tho log ic u n i t found i n the wel ls tha t cannot be correlated with rock un i t s recognized i n surface exposures perhaps should have its own nomenclature.

By Russell G. ~ ~ e d a l l a n d George ~ l a f k e g

The name Valdez Group (o r ig ina l ly named Valdes s e r i e s ) was given t o rock8 near Port Valdez ( f ig . 11) by Schrader (1899, 1900), and sub- sequently was used by Moffit (1954) f o r rocks exposed i n the north- western par t of Prince W i l l i a m Sound t h a t previously were cal led the Sunrise s e r i e s by Mendenhall (1899, 1900). Similar s t r a t a north and south of Turnagain Arm were mapped a s Valdez(?) Group by Clark (1972), however, because continuity with Valdez of the type area was not established. This paper suamrizes evidence es tabl ishing the continuity , of the s t r a t a , permitting removal of the query from the Valdez(?) Group. Fauna collected from the Valdez Group ( a s used here) were, u n t i l the s tud ies of Jones (Jones and Clark, 1973), assigned a Ju rass ic t o Cretaceous age. Jones' work showed t h a t a l l age-diagnostic f o s s i l s of the Valdez iden t i f i ed t o species l e v e l a r e Maestrichtian and Campanian(?) ( l a t e s t Cretaceous). Thus, we consider the Valdez t o be of Late-Cretaceous age and abandon the Juraeeic t o Cretaceous age assignment.

l/U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va. - 2/Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif . -

CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY

Valdes) i s the type area , but no type sec t ion was designated. I n the same publ ica t ions , t he name Sunrise s e r i e s was introduced by Mendenhall (1899, 1900) f o r rocks exposed along Passage C a d ( then ca l l ed Portage Bay) " a l l about the western waters of Prince William Sound," along t h e overland rou te from Resurrection Bay (west of Resurrection Peninsula, f i g . 11) t o Turnagain Arm, and along t h e shore of t he Arm. Grant and Riggin6 (1910) changed the name of the Valdez t o Valdez Group and, l i k e Mendenhall, assigned most of the s t r a t a along t h e eas t e rn s ide of the Kenai Peninsula, south f r a n Resurrect ion Bay, t o the Sunrise se r i e s . Moffit (1954) believed t h a t par t of the Sunrise s t r a t a i n the north- western p a r t of the Prince William Sound was westward cont inuat ion of the Valdez Group, and he abandoned usage of the name Sunrise s e r i e s .

S t r a t a nor th of Turnagain A r m were designated a s Valdez(?) Group by Clark (1972) because c o r r e l a t i o n wi th rocks of the type a rea was not ce r t a in . The query i s he re in removed f r a n t h e Valdez(?) Group becauee cont inui ty has been es tabl i shed between rocks of t he type a rea and those of the Turnagain A r m a r ea . P lafker , Hudson, and Winkler (unpub. da t a , 1975) have traced Valdez s t r a t a from t h e type a r e a a t Port Valdez ac ross the southeas tern corner of the Anchorage quadrangle and i n t o the Seward quadrangle. Tyedal and Case ( I n press ; unpub. da t a , 1976) have shown con t inu i ty of Valdez rocks i n the Seward quadrangle wi th those of the Anchorage quadrangle, including t h e Turnagain Arm area .

From i t s type a rea , t h e Valdez Group was traced eastward ac ross the Valdez, Cordova, and Bering Glac ie r quadrangles t o the Canadian border (Plafker , Hudson, and Winkler, unpub. da ta , 1975) and southward through the Seward, Blyi ng Sound, Kenai, and Seldovia quadrangles t o the southern p a r t of the Kenai Peninsula (Tysdal and Case, unpub. d a t 4 1976; P la fke r , unpub. da t a , 1975). The southern l i m i t of t he Valdez Group i s defined by the Contact f a u l t system, a major s t r u c t u r e t h a t extends westward from nea r the Canadian border i n the Chugach Mountains t o Prince William Sound (Winkler and P la fke r , 1975); thence, southward through the .%ward quadrangle and i n t o the Blying Sound quadrangle (Tysdal and Case, i n ~ r e s s ) . P l a fke r and ,others (1977) projec t i t southwestward t o Kodiak Is land, where i t juxtaposes c o r r e l a t i v e Cretaceous rocks on the northwest aga ins t Te r t i a ry rocks. The nor thern margin of the Valdez Group i s delimited by t h e Border Ranges f a u l t system, a major system of f a u l t s t h a t extends from the Kodiak Is lands i n t o Canada and probably i n t o southeas tern Alaska (MacKevett and P la fke r , 1974; Plafker and o thers , 19771, o r by t h e Kagle River t h r u s t f a u l t and r e l a t ed f a u l t s (Clark, 1972; Plafker and o thers , 1977; Tysdal and Case, 1977, i n ~ r e s s ) .

CHANGES I N STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE A121

VALDEZ GROUP

The Valdee Group i s a th i ck sequence of rhythmically interbedded, indurated graywacke, s i l t s t o n e , and minor mudstone and pebble con- g laaera te . Graded beds, c ros s beds, convolute laminations, and flame s t r u c t u r e s a r e present but a r e not r ead i ly observed owing t o deformation and metamorphism. Valdez s t r a t a l o c a l l y conta in interbedded t u f f and pil low basa l t and on the Resurrection Peninsula a r e intruded by basa l t sills and sheeted d ikes , gabbro, and r a r e l y serpent in ized dun i t e (Tysdal and o the r s , 1977; Tysdal and Case, i n press) . The e n t i r e sequence is in tense ly folded and regional ly metamorphosed t o grades ranging from t h e z e o l i t e f a c i e s and t h e lowermost greenschis t f a c i e s t o the upper zones of the amphibolite f ac i e s . Grani t ic plutons and d ikes in t rude the Valdez i n some areas.

Rocks exposed i n the Port Valdez a r e a and northward ac ross the Chugach Mountains t o the Copper River Basin o r i g i n a l l y were named "Valdes se r i e s " by Schrader (1899, 1900). Port Valdez (formerly spe l l ed

CHANGES I N STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCLATURE

Wg cdnsider the Valdez Group t o be Late Crptaceoue i n age becauee all of the age-diagnoetic f o s s i l s iden t i f i ed t o spacies l e v e l a r e of Maestr$chtian and possibly Campanian ( l a t e s t Cretaceous) Age. The u n i t previously was assigned a Ju rass ic t o Cretaceous age becauee of u n c e r t ~ i n t y regarding (1) the age range of the few f o s s i l s then known a d (2) boundaries of the Valdez Group i n i t s eas te rn extensions and i t s possible corre la t ion wi th u n i t s containing Late Ju rass ic f o s s i l 8 (Plafker and MacNeil, 1966). New mapping precludes the p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t J u r a s s i c - s t r a t a a r e included within the group (Plafker and Hudson, unpub. data , 1977).

P r io r t o the s tudies of Jones (Jones and Clark, 19731, a l l t he age- diagnostic f o s s i l s obtained from the Valdez Group (as defined here) were assigned t o the range of Ju rass ic t o Cretaceous. Ulrich (1910) considered Inoceram a concentrica, col lec ted from s t r a t a on Woody Island (loc. 9 , f id t a r e co r re la t ive wi th the Valdez Group, am Early Ju rass ic (Jones and Clark, 1973). Inoceramus f o s s i l s col lec ted nor th of Turnagain Am (loc. 4, f ig . 11) by B. L. Johneon i n 191 1 were believed by T. W. Stanton to be s imi la r to Inoceramya concentrica, but he s t a t e d t h a t there was no essen t i a l d i f ference i n general type between the Ju rass ic species of Inoceramus and some of those i n the Cretaceous (Martin and others , 1915). ohn neon a lso col lec ted Inoceramue from f l o a t on a moraine on the e a s t s ide of Valdez Glacier (loc. 1, f ig . 11) and Inoceram a concentrica from the north s ide of Barry Arm ( loc . 3, f i g . 11 and from f l o a t a t Point Cochrane (lac. 2, f i g . 11) (Johnson, 1914). + Park (1933) collected imprints of Inoceramus f r m s i x c loeely spaced l o c a l i t i e s (loc. 4, f ig . 11) north of Turnagain Ann t h a t J. B. Reeside, Jr., believed were Cretaceous, largely becauw he thought i t unlikely that so many Inoceramus would be present i n a rock o lde r than Cretaceous. D. L. Jones (in Plafker and MacNeil, 1966) restudied these col lec t ions and concluded t h a t the f o s s i l s , which a r e mostly poorly preserved, could not be assigned a more d e f i n i t e age than Ju rass ic t o Cretaceous. But subsequent col lec t ione of f o s s i l s from t h e Valdez Group of the Kenai-Chugach Mountains and from cor re la t ive rocka on Woody Island (loc. 9 , f ig . 11) have yielded Inoceramus kueiroensis, a widespread f o s s i l of Maestrichtian Age; i t occurs with Inoceramya concentrica a t some l o c a l i t i e r (Jones and Clark, 1973). I n addi t ion, poorly preserped Inoceramus col lec ted by Plafker and John Kelley from the Valdez Group near Point Mck (loc. 8, f i g . 11) a r e , according t o Jones (o ra l commun., 1977), of Campanian o r N e s t r i c h t i a n Age. No other age-diagnostic species have been collected from the Valdez Group.

CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPliY

The f o s s i l l o c a l i t i e s north and south of Turnagain Arm ( loc . 4, 5, 6 , 7, f ig . l l ) , a t Barry Am and Point Cochrane, and a t Valdez Glacier show t h a t these Maeetrichtian f o s s i l s span almost 314 of tha width of outcrops of the Valdez Group. Tysdal and Case (1977) suggested t h a t those l o c a l i t i e s north and south of Turnagain Ara may be i n the cen t ra l part of a complex synclinoriun, and we suspect t h a t the Barry ArwPoint Cochrane trend a l s o may be epnclinal . The intervening a reas could represent somewhat o lder rocks, but no data e x i s t t o suggest t h a t the rocke a r e o lder than Late Cretaceous. Certainly no evidence e x i s t s to i n d i c a t e a Jurasclic age.

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CHANGES I N ' STRATIGRAPHIC NOMENCIA-

b f f i t , F. R., 1954, Geology of the Prince W i l l i a m Sound region, Alaska: U.S. Gaol. Survey Bull. 9 8 9 4 , p. 225-310.

Mull, C. G., and Mangus, M. D., 1972, I tk i lya r i ak Formation: new Mississippian formation of Endicott Group, Arctic slope of Alaska: k. h m c . Petrolaum Geologists B u l l . , v. 56, no. 8, p. 13661369.

Murphy, M. A., and Gronberg, E. C., 1970, Stratigraphy and cor re la t ion of the Neva& Group (Devonian) north and west of Eureka, Nevada: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 81, no. 1, p. 127-136.

Murray, J. B., 1973, Geologic map of Forsyth and north Fulton Counties: Georgia Dept. Nat. Resources, Ear th and Water Div.

Nolf, Bruce, and Nolf, Penny, 1969, Santa Crut Island Volcanics, Weaver, D. W., and others, eds., Geology of the Northern Channel Is lands [California] : Am. Aseoc. Petroleum ~ e o l o g i s t s / ~ o c . Econ. Paleontologir ts and Mineralogiets, Paci f ic Secs., Spec. Pub;, p. 91-94.

Nomland, J. O., 1917, The Etchegoin Pliocene of middle California: California Univ., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 10, no. 14, p. 191-254.

Owen, D. D., 1859, Report of a geological reconnaissance of the S ta te of Indiana made i n the year 1837, Part f i r s t : Indianapolis, 63 p.

Park, C. F., Jr., 1933, The Girdwood d i s t r i c t , Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 849-6, p. 381-424.

Plafker, George, and MacNeil, F. S., 1966, S t ra t ig raph ic s ignif icance of Ter t iary f o s s i l s from the Orca Group i n the Prince William Sound region, Alaska, a G e o l o g i c a 1 Survey research 1966: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 550-8, p. B62-868.

Plafker, George, Jones, D. L., and Peesagno, E. A., Jr., 1977, A Cretaceous accretionary flysch and melange ter rane along the Gulf of Alaska margin, & Blean, K. M., ed., The United S ta tes Geological Survey i n Alaska: Accomplishments during 1976: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 751-B, p. B41-B43.

Plummer, F. B., 1933, The geology of Texas, pa r t 3, Cenozoic systems i n Texas: Texas Univ. B u l l . 3232, p. 519-818.

Pur i , R. S., 1953, Contributione t o the study of the Miocene of the Florida panhandle: Florida Geol. Survey Bull. 36, 345 p.

h r i , H. S., and Vernon, R. 0.. 1964, Sumrary of the geology of Florida and a guidebook t o the c l a s s i c exposures: Florida Geol. Survey Spec. Pub. 5, 312 p.

Rand, W. W., 1931, Preliminary repor t of the geology of ants Cruz Island, Santa Barbara County, Cal i fornia , Minning i n California: Cal i fornia S t a t e Mineralogist Rept., v. 27, no. 2, p. 214-219.

Ransome, F. L., 1904, The geology and ore deposi ts of the Bisbee quadrangle, Arizona: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 21, 168 p.

Rau, W. W., 1964, Foraminifera f r m the northern Olympic Penineuh, Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 374-G, 33 p.

Reed, B. L., 1968, Geology of the Lake Peters area , nor theas tern Brooks Range, Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1236, 132 p.

Reed, R. D., 1925, The post-Monterey disturbance i n the Sal lnas Valley, California: Jour. Geology, v. 33, no. 6, p. 588-607.

ALU) CONTRIBUTIONS TO STRATIGRAPHY

Raiser, 8. N., 1970, Northeastern Brooks Range--a surface expression of the Prudhoe Bay Section, g G e o l o g i c a 1 seminar on the North Slope of Alaska, Palo Alto, Calif . , 1970, Proc.: Am. Aesoc. Petroleum Caologiste , Pacif ic Sec, , p. K1-K13.

Resser, C. E., and Howell, B. F., 1938, Lower Cambrian Olenellus Zone of the A~wlach iane : Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 49, no. 2, p. 195-248.

Richards, 8. G., 1958, Ordovician f o s s i l s from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania Acad. Sci. Proc., v. 32, p, 139-140.

Roberts, J. K., 1923, Tr ias s i c basins of northern Virginia: Pan-Am. Geologist, v. 39, no 3, p. 185-200.

Sable, E. G., 1977, Geology of the wee t e rn Romanzof Mountains, Brooks Range, northeastern Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 897, 84 p.

Sapdo, J., mt, B. L., and Dutto, J. T., Jr., 1969, Carboniferous wgafaunal and oicrofaunal zonation i n the northern Cordi l lera of t b United Sta tes : U.S. eel. Survey Prof. Paper 613-E 29 P-

Schenck, 8. G., and Kleinpel l , R. M., 1936, Refugian stage of the Pac i f i c coast Ter t iary: An. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull., v. 20, no. 2, p. 215-225.

Schrader, F. C., 1899, Report on Prince William Sound and the Copper River region, g H . p s and d e s c r i p t i o w of routes of exploration i n Alaaka i n 1898, with general information concterning the t e r r i t o r y : U.S. Geol. Survey Spec. Pub., p. 51-63.

, 1900, A reconnaissance of a par t of Prince William Sound and the Copper River d i s t r i c t , Alaska, i n 1989: U.S. Geol. Survey 20th Ann. Rept., p t . 7, p. 341-423.

Shaver, R. H., and others , 1970, Compendium of rock-unit s t ra t igraphy i n Indiana: Indiana Geol. Survey Bull. 43, 229 p.

Stainbrook, M. A., 1947, Brachiopoda of the Percha shale of New Mexico and Arizona: Jour. Paleontology, v. 21, no. 4, p. 297-328.

Stose, G. W., and Jonas, A. I., 1922, The lower Paleozoic sec t ion of southeastern Penwylvania: Washington Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 12, no. 15, p. 35Sd366.

, 1939, Geology and mineral resources of Pork County, Pennsylvania: Penneylvania Geol. Survey, 4 th ser., Bull. C-67, 199 p.

Stose, A. J., and Stose, G. W., 1944, Geology of the RanoverYork d i s t r i c t , Penneylvania: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 204, 84 p.

Stoyanow, A. A. , 1926, Recent s t r a t ig raph ic work i n Arizona, expecia l ly Upper Mississippian i n southeastern Arizona: Am. Jour. Sci . , 5 t h ser., v. 12, p. 316-318.

Tabor, R. W., and Cady, W. M., 1978, Geologic map of the Olympic Penineula Washington: U.S. Geol. Survey Misc. Geol. Inv. Map 1-994, 2 sheets.

Thompson, J. B., Jr., Robinson, Peter , Cl i f ford , T. N. and Trask, N. J., Jr., 1968, Nappes and gneiss domes i n west-central New England, Chap. 15 i n Studies of Appalachian geology, northern and maritime, Zen, E-an, and others , eds.: New York, Interscience Publishers, John Wiley and Sons, p. 203-218.

Tysdal, R. G., and Case, J. E., 1977, Placer River f a u l t , Seward and Blying Sound quadrangles, in Blean, K. M., ed., The United S ta tes Geological Survey i n Alaska: AccanplishDents during 1976: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 751-B, p. B47-B48.

, i n press, Geologic map of the Seward and Blying Sound quadrangles, southern Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey M i s c . Geol. Inv. Map 1-1150.

Tysdal, R. G., Case, J. E., Winkler, G. R., and Clark, S. H. B., 1977, Sheeted dikes, gabbro, and pil low basal t i n f lysch of coas ta l southern Alaska: Geology, v. 5, no. 6, p. 377-383.

Ulrich, E. O., 1904, Foss i ls and age of the Yakutat Formation, & Harriman Alaska Expedition, v. 4, Geology and Paleontology: New York, Doubleday, Page and Co., p. 125-146.

Weaver, C. E., 1937, Ter t i a ry s t ra t igraphy of western Washington and northwestern Oregon: Washington Univ. Pub. i n Geology, V. 4, 266 p.

Weaver, D. W., Griggs, G., McClure, D. V., and McKey, J. R., 1969, Volcaniclastic sequence, south-central Santa Cruz Is land, & Weaver, D. W., and others , eds., Geology of the Northern Channel Islands, southern Cal i fornia borderland: Am. Assoc. Petroleum GeologistslSoc. Econ. Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Paci f ic Secs., Spec. Pub., p. 85-90.

Wells, F. G., Botz, P. E., and Cater, F. W., Jr . , 1948, Preliminary descr ip t ion of the geology of the Kerby quadrangle, Oregon: U.S. Geol. Survey, prepared i n co-op. wtih Oregon Dept. Geology a d Mineral Indust r ies , 23 p.; 1949, reprinted a s Oregon Dept. Geology and Mineral Indust r ies Bull. 40, 23 p.

Wilson, C. W., Jr., 1949, Pre-Chattanooga s t ra t igraphy i n cen t ra l Tennessee: Tennessee Dept. Conserv., Div. Geology Bull. 56, 407 p.

Winkler, G. R., and Plafker , George, 1975, The Lendlock fau l t : Pa r t of a major ea r ly Ter t i a ry p la te boundary i n southern Alaska, Yount, M. E., ed., United S ta tes Geological Survey Alaska Program, 1975: U.S. Geol. Survey Circ. 722, p. 49.

Woodring, W. P., and Bramlette, M. N., 1950, Geology and paleontology of the Santa Maria d i s t r i c t , California: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 222, 185 p.