Changes in Changes in EuropeEurope

Middle ages – the Age of Middle ages – the Age of ExplorationExploration

The Fall of RomeThe Fall of Rome 476 AD Last Roman Emperor falls476 AD Last Roman Emperor falls Old Roman empire is left in period of Old Roman empire is left in period of

chaoschaos Waves of Barbarians invade western Waves of Barbarians invade western

EuropeEurope Eventually regain some orderEventually regain some order Enter the Middle AgesEnter the Middle Ages

The Middle Ages in EuropeThe Middle Ages in Europe

Period between 400-1500Period between 400-1500 Seen as a period of transition in culture Seen as a period of transition in culture

and development in Europeand development in Europe Also called the Medieval periodAlso called the Medieval period Begins with groups or tribes throughout Begins with groups or tribes throughout

EuropeEurope As tribes progress small kingdoms are As tribes progress small kingdoms are

formedformed

The Middle Ages in The Middle Ages in EuropeEurope

Around 900 AD, period of FeudalismAround 900 AD, period of Feudalism Feudal society revolved around the Feudal society revolved around the

manor or large estate of the lordmanor or large estate of the lord Manor system produced Manor system produced

everything the society neededeverything the society needed Result was the loss of trade and Result was the loss of trade and

contact with each othercontact with each other

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Read the question below. Discuss Read the question below. Discuss the answer with the people at your the answer with the people at your table. Be prepared to share your table. Be prepared to share your answeranswer

Why might the loss of trade Why might the loss of trade and contact impact groups of and contact impact groups of people?people?

The Crusades 1096-1291The Crusades 1096-1291 Many groups fight for their “Holy Land”Many groups fight for their “Holy Land” The Pope wanted to increase his powerThe Pope wanted to increase his power Christians believed it was their duty to Christians believed it was their duty to

recover the Holy Landrecover the Holy Land Nobles wanted to gain wealth.Nobles wanted to gain wealth. Adventurers sought travel and Adventurers sought travel and

excitementexcitement Serfs hoped to escape feudal Serfs hoped to escape feudal

oppressionoppression

Impact of the CrusadesImpact of the Crusades A A major results of the Crusades, include major results of the Crusades, include

Cultural DiffusionCultural Diffusion increase in trade  increase in trade  European interest in goods from the eastEuropean interest in goods from the east

stimulated by returning Crusaders who stimulated by returning Crusaders who brought back many things brought back many things

As the Crusades ended, ships that were As the Crusades ended, ships that were once used to carry soldiers to the Middle once used to carry soldiers to the Middle East, now carried trade goodsEast, now carried trade goods

Merchants from rich Italian city states, such Merchants from rich Italian city states, such as Venice and Florence, dominated this as Venice and Florence, dominated this trade. trade. 

Make a PredictionMake a Prediction

Turn to your neighbor and discuss the Turn to your neighbor and discuss the question below.question below.

Besides increasing trade, Besides increasing trade, what other impact do you what other impact do you think the Crusades had on think the Crusades had on Europe?Europe?

The Growth of CitiesThe Growth of Cities Merchants sold their Merchants sold their

goods at fairsgoods at fairs Located along water Located along water

and sea routesand sea routes These fairs grow into These fairs grow into

large trade centerslarge trade centers Around the trade Around the trade

centers, towns and cities centers, towns and cities grewgrew

City growth, invited City growth, invited people to leave the people to leave the country and move to the country and move to the citycity

Job specializationJob specialization marked the beginning marked the beginning

of the end of of the end of feudalism as serfs feudalism as serfs began to pay their began to pay their feudal obligations with feudal obligations with cash instead of cash instead of service.service.

An economy based An economy based on money, not barter on money, not barter emergedemerged

Growth of CitiesGrowth of Cities

Middle class became Middle class became loyal and began to loyal and began to protect trade routes protect trade routes for their monarchfor their monarch

Increased need to Increased need to educate people: educate people: Universities become Universities become commoncommon

Bubonic PlagueBubonic Plague

The Bubonic plague was a highly infectious The Bubonic plague was a highly infectious disease spread by the fleas on rats. Rats were disease spread by the fleas on rats. Rats were

common in the cities of this time.common in the cities of this time.This particular outbreak first appeared in China This particular outbreak first appeared in China

In the early 1300’s with deaths of about 35 In the early 1300’s with deaths of about 35 million Chinese.million Chinese.

It was a global epidemic that that spread through It was a global epidemic that that spread through the increased trade between counties.the increased trade between counties.

Between 1347 and 1353, the plague killed one Between 1347 and 1353, the plague killed one person out of every three in Europe over 25 person out of every three in Europe over 25

million.million.

The RenaissanceThe Renaissance

Renaissance means “rebirth”. It was a Renaissance means “rebirth”. It was a golden age in the arts, literature and golden age in the arts, literature and sciences.sciences.

a new way of thinking, a new way of thinking, HumanismHumanism, , focused on life in the present focused on life in the present

emphasized individual achievements.emphasized individual achievements. Ancient knowledge was rediscovered Ancient knowledge was rediscovered

and the Classical period of the Greeks and the Classical period of the Greeks and Romans were glorified.and Romans were glorified.

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What might the people of What might the people of Europe feel like if they Europe feel like if they experienced both the plague experienced both the plague and the Renaissance?and the Renaissance?

The Rise of NationsThe Rise of Nations Government by Government by

nobles and church nobles and church declineddeclined

Monarchs began to Monarchs began to combine territories combine territories to create similar to create similar states to what we states to what we know in Europe know in Europe todaytoday

Seafaring Seafaring Technology/NavigationTechnology/Navigation

Nations started to Nations started to compete with each compete with each other for the Asian other for the Asian tradetrade

In 1400 the only way In 1400 the only way to Asia was by landto Asia was by land

Renaissance science Renaissance science created many new created many new techniques to help in techniques to help in long sea travellong sea travel

Marine Navigation in the Marine Navigation in the Age of Exploration Age of Exploration WebsiteWebsite

Prince Henry the Prince Henry the NavigatorNavigator

Prince Henry of Portugal loved to learnPrince Henry of Portugal loved to learn He also loved his church and wanted to spread He also loved his church and wanted to spread

the Christian faith around the worldthe Christian faith around the world find an ocean route around Africa to Asiafind an ocean route around Africa to Asia find goldfind gold He knew that Portuguese sailors needed to He knew that Portuguese sailors needed to

know more about navigationknow more about navigation Navigation: the science of piloting shipsNavigation: the science of piloting ships Started a school to learn more about sailingStarted a school to learn more about sailing

Prince Henry the Prince Henry the NavigatorNavigator

Henry’s school, the Henry’s school, the new tools that were new tools that were developed and the developed and the Caravel Ship opened Caravel Ship opened up the time we know up the time we know as the Age of as the Age of ExplorationExploration

Portugal would lead Portugal would lead the way, but others the way, but others would followwould follow

The Race was on!The Race was on!

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What might have happened What might have happened to the Age of Exploration to the Age of Exploration without Prince Henry the without Prince Henry the Navigator and his school?Navigator and his school?