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CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking

CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

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Page 1: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM

Other Ways of Thinking

Page 2: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

Page 3: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

Belief that collective interest is more important than the individual

This challenged some European-led government policies

This changed with the Constitution Act of 1982 Aboriginal collective rights were specifically

included in Sections 25 and 35

Page 4: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

This shift in thinking and government policy has led to legal grounds to challenge the denial of their rights by government

Aboriginal peoples have gone to the Supreme Court to rule over disputes in land, fishing, hunting, and logging

A number of land claims have been settled by Aboriginal groups and the Canadian government

Page 5: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

Settled land claims show a new respect towards the Aboriginals from the Canadian government

Métis have been working on having their collective rights recognized Proving more difficult because Métis don’t have

the same historic treaties as First Nations Métis have had success in Alberta with the

Métis Settlements Accord Transfer of land to Métis people and provisions for

self-governance

Page 6: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

Aboriginal Self- Government

Means having some independence in decision making

Wouldn’t be the same in every community Decisions regarding: their economy,

education, culture, use of natural resources, and other areas of well - being

Aboriginal groups and the governments in Canada (fed. and prov.) have not come to an agreement on what self-government means

Page 7: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

Self-Government

The Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement (2005) Recognizes the collective rights and identities of

the Labrador Inuit by confirming their rights to land ownership in northern Labrador, self-government, and resource sharing

Includes: recognized Inuit people’s rights related to traditional land use (land, ocean, coastal communities), self-government, National Park Reserve, transfer of $140 million to the Inuit people for implementation of the agreement

Page 8: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

RELIGIOUS WAYS OF THINKING

Page 9: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

The Doukhobors

Russian language speaking dissenters who rejected the authority of Church and state

Came to Canada and US to escape persecution in the early 1900s

Believed that individual rights needed to be balanced with the rights of the community as a whole

Doukhobors owned and worked land as a community rather than owning private property

Page 10: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

A smaller group of Doukhobors, the Sons of Freedom had more radical ideas Accused by government of engaging in arson to protest

compulsory education, taxation, and land seizures by government

Sons of Freedom believed in living the simplest life possible – rejected materialistic ways of thinking

Leader was killed in an explosion that many felt was a murder Protested this action by not allowing their children to go

to school Government responded by taking away their belongings

Page 11: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

Use of Religious Law

Recent challenges to liberalism in Canada has been the request by religious groups to use religious laws to settle legal disputes

2005 – Ontario decided against the use of religious arbitration, regardless of the denomination (Muslim, Jewish, Christian)

Page 12: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

ENVIRONMENTALIST WAYS OF THINKING

Page 13: CHALLENGES TO LIBERALISM Other Ways of Thinking. ABORIGINAL WAYS OF THINKING

Concern over environment versus the desire for consumption (key component of liberalism – economic freedom)

Environmentalists are concerned about the rate of consumption / growth in the economy

Want governments to get involved and increase taxes on manufacturers, require manufacturers to collect their products from consumers when they are no longer useful, encourage individuals to use less