Challenges & Opportunities Of ICT In Developing Countries Desta Mengistu Motebaynor

Challenges & OpportunitiesOf ICT In Developing

Countries

Desta Mengistu MotebaynorDesta Mengistu Motebaynor

ICT ICT IntroductionIntroduction

ICT Development and DeploymentICT Development and Deployment . Challenges. Challenges . Opportunities. Opportunities

Conclusion and RecommendationConclusion and Recommendation

DiscussionDiscussion

AgendaAgenda

PovertyPoverty% of population bellow $1 per day consumption% of population bellow $1 per day consumption

Finland Finland 0% 0%EgyptEgypt 3.1% 3.1%

Ethiopia Ethiopia 81.9%81.9%

UN Statistics - Millennium IndicatorsUN Statistics - Millennium Indicators

EducationEducationEducation enrolment ratio primary level Education enrolment ratio primary level

FinlandFinland 100%100%EgyptEgypt 92.6% 92.6%

Ethiopia Ethiopia 46.7%46.7%

Infant Mortality Infant Mortality RateRate

IMR – (0-1) year per 1000 live birth IMR – (0-1) year per 1000 live birth

FinlandFinland 4 4EgyptEgypt 37 37

Ethiopia Ethiopia 117117

Source: UN Statistics-Millennium Indicators

WaterWater% of population with access to clean water% of population with access to clean water

Finland Finland 100% 100%EgyptEgypt 97% 97%

Ethiopia Ethiopia 24% 24%


ForestForestForested land area as % of total land area Forested land area as % of total land area

Finland Finland 70% 70%EgyptEgypt 0.1% 0.1%

Ethiopia Ethiopia 4.2% 4.2%

NutritionNutritionUndernourished as % of total population Undernourished as % of total population

FinlandFinland 0% 0%EgyptEgypt 4% 4%

Ethiopia Ethiopia 44%44%


TelecomTelecomlines and cellular subscription per 100 populationlines and cellular subscription per 100 population

Finland 135.14%Finland 135.14%

EgyptEgypt 14.69% 14.69%



InternetInternetInternet users per 100 population (2002)Internet users per 100 population (2002)

Finland Finland 50.89%50.89%

EgyptEgypt 0.93% (2001) 0.93% (2001)


ComputersComputers

Personal Computers per 100 populationPersonal Computers per 100 population

FinlandFinland 42.35%42.35%

EgyptEgypt 1.55% 1.55%



Can we do something?Can we do something?

YYEESS

How?How?

Maximum utilizationMaximum utilization

of of

IICCTT

ICTICT – Is a generic term used to express the – Is a generic term used to express the convergence of information technology, (IT) convergence of information technology, (IT) communications and broadcasting.communications and broadcasting.

ITIT – Is a term that encompasses all forms of – Is a term that encompasses all forms of technology used to create, store, exchange, technology used to create, store, exchange, and use information in its various forms and use information in its various forms (Networks, data, voice, (Networks, data, voice, still still images, images, multimedia presentations, human multimedia presentations, human resources, messages and other forms, resources, messages and other forms, including those not yet conceived).including those not yet conceived).

What is ICTWhat is ICT

ICT can be used in a wide variety:ICT can be used in a wide variety: To access information and knowledge.To access information and knowledge. To gather and disseminate information.To gather and disseminate information. To educate and learn.To educate and learn. To develop Knowledge Management.To develop Knowledge Management. To Organize and control business process.To Organize and control business process. For Messaging and collaboration.For Messaging and collaboration. For Research and development.For Research and development. For Networking to share ICT resources.For Networking to share ICT resources. Can be applied in economic sectors, science Can be applied in economic sectors, science

and technology.and technology. etc… etc…

The application of ICT The application of ICT

If properly developed & deployed ICT will: overcome poverty;overcome poverty;

accelerate socio-economic development accelerate socio-economic development programmes;programmes;

improve democracy and governanceimprove democracy and governance

The Bottom LineThe Bottom Line

ICT Development & Deployment will not come easy ! ! ! !

ICT development readinessICT development readiness - Identifying priorities- Identifying priorities - Creating enabling environments- Creating enabling environments - Developing flexible policy framework- Developing flexible policy framework

Creating ICT awarenessCreating ICT awareness Developing ICT Architecture and StandardsDeveloping ICT Architecture and Standards Government demands are becoming bigger Government demands are becoming bigger

and more complex – needs for high impact & and more complex – needs for high impact & expectationsexpectations

ICT Challenges for Developing CountriesICT Challenges for Developing Countries

ICT Challenges contd. ICT Challenges contd.

Aligning Government regulations with new Aligning Government regulations with new technologytechnology IT skills developmentIT skills development Securing investment costsSecuring investment costs Developing infrastructureDeveloping infrastructure Developing applicationsDeveloping applications Identifying the right technologyIdentifying the right technology Content development in various languagesContent development in various languages Retaining skilled professionals (Brain drain)Retaining skilled professionals (Brain drain) Managing ICT resourcesManaging ICT resources

Identifying the right technology.Identifying the right technology. Developing ICT infrastructure.Developing ICT infrastructure. Building high bandwidth communication Building high bandwidth communication network.network. Technology complexity and its rapid pace.Technology complexity and its rapid pace. Developing ICT applications.Developing ICT applications. Optimizing the value of ICT investment.Optimizing the value of ICT investment. Managing technology refresh for continuity and growth. Developing & working with the private Developing & working with the private sector.sector.


Manage and optimize scarce IT resources Manage and optimize scarce IT resources now and in the future.now and in the future. Developing IT as an economic sector.Developing IT as an economic sector. Improving customs for IT related imports.Improving customs for IT related imports. Overcoming inequalities (urban/rural, Overcoming inequalities (urban/rural, gender etc..).gender etc..).


The Standish Group SurveyThe Standish Group Survey

2000

1998

1995

1994

28%23% 49%

26%28% 46%

27%40% 33%

16%31% 53%

This chart depicts the outcome of the 30,000 application projects in large, medium, and small cross-industry U.S. companies tested by The Standish Group since 1994.

Source: The Standish Group International, Extreme Chaos, The Standish Group International, Inc., 2000

SucceededSucceededChallengedChallengedFailedFailed

SucceededSucceeded

ChallengedChallenged

FailedFailed

Separation of ICT goals and actual Separation of ICT goals and actual operational functions.operational functions. Separation of wish list and available Separation of wish list and available resources.resources. Processes that are inflexible to change.Processes that are inflexible to change. Lack of IT skilled manpower (Knowledge Lack of IT skilled manpower (Knowledge transfer and continuity).transfer and continuity). Lack of adequate project managementLack of adequate project management methodologies, etc…methodologies, etc…

Root Causes of FailureRoot Causes of FailureRoot Causes of FailureRoot Causes of Failure

By understanding Government's By understanding Government's directions, goals, and opportunities.directions, goals, and opportunities. By ensuring that ICT goals support By ensuring that ICT goals support overall Government goals.overall Government goals. By fostering a proactive organizational By fostering a proactive organizational environment (Planning, Organizing…).environment (Planning, Organizing…). By organizing teams to work efficiently By organizing teams to work efficiently

and effectively.and effectively. By adopting reputable and workable By adopting reputable and workable project development and deployment project development and deployment methodologies.methodologies.

How To Overcome these Obstacles?How To Overcome these Obstacles?How To Overcome these Obstacles?How To Overcome these Obstacles?

ICT OpportunitiesICT Opportunities

Historic moment to catch up the ICT fast moving wagon. Major tool for poverty reduction, accelerated socio-economic development & good govern. Government focus to realize ICT initiatives. Support Programmes – WB, UN, NEPAD etc.. Favourable opportunities for inward investment (70 M. People, 40% educated work (70 M. People, 40% educated work force, etc…).force, etc…). Now will have perfect means to expedited. information and knowledge exchange (Internet, e-mail, multi-media, video conferencing …).

Historic moment to catch up the ICT fast moving wagon. Major tool for poverty reduction, accelerated socio-economic development & good govern. Government focus to realize ICT initiatives. Support Programmes – WB, UN, NEPAD etc.. Favourable opportunities for inward investment (70 M. People, 40% educated work (70 M. People, 40% educated work force, etc…).force, etc…). Now will have perfect means to expedited. information and knowledge exchange (Internet, e-mail, multi-media, video conferencing …).

ICT Opportunities Contd.ICT Opportunities Contd.

Huge potential to improve Government services. Create a wealth of opportunities for various forms of education – tele-education, tele- medicine, virtual laboratories, etc. Create opportunity for emergence of ICT as a new economic sector. Manageable technology for deployment. Tremendous opportunity for indigenous experts Affordable prices for IT investment. Political stability in the country.

Conclusion and RecommendationConclusion and RecommendationConclusion and RecommendationConclusion and Recommendation

Recognition of ICT as a tool for prosperity.Recognition of ICT as a tool for prosperity. Telecom sectors, Power sectors, to play leading Telecom sectors, Power sectors, to play leading

roll in ICT Capacity Building Programmes and roll in ICT Capacity Building Programmes and align their strategies accordingly.align their strategies accordingly.

Any Infrastructure building activities to focus on Any Infrastructure building activities to focus on solutions that is reliable, scalable, affordable solutions that is reliable, scalable, affordable and manageable.and manageable.

Liberalization of Telecom ServicesLiberalization of Telecom Services Utilization of indigenous experts to validate Utilization of indigenous experts to validate

technology technology

Ultimate ObjectiveUltimate ObjectiveUltimate ObjectiveUltimate Objective

ICT development towards the ICT development towards the creation of Information Societycreation of Information Society Develop knowledge based economyDevelop knowledge based economy Access to information from any Access to information from any where by anyone at any timewhere by anyone at any time

Generation’s responsibility ! ! ! Generation’s responsibility ! ! !

Thank You !Thank You !

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Challenges & Opportunities Of ICT In Developing Countries Desta Mengistu Motebaynor