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CH. 5 EUROPE’S LATE MIDDLE AGES

CH. 5 EUROPE’S LATE MIDDLE AGES. KNIGHTHOOD AND CHIVALRY Chivalry - knights code of honor Not all knights were chivalrous Practiced by hunting and

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CH. 5EUROPE’S LATEMIDDLE AGES

CH. 5EUROPE’S LATEMIDDLE AGES

KNIGHTHOOD AND CHIVALRY

KNIGHTHOOD AND CHIVALRY

Chivalry - knights code of honor

Not all knights were chivalrousPracticed by hunting and joustingThe better the knight, the better his social status.

The long bow made the knight obsolete.

Pledge of allegianceGod/Lord/Master

EDUCATIONPage => Squire => KnightDubbing

Chivalry - knights code of honor

Not all knights were chivalrousPracticed by hunting and joustingThe better the knight, the better his social status.

The long bow made the knight obsolete.

Pledge of allegianceGod/Lord/Master

EDUCATIONPage => Squire => KnightDubbing

DEFENCE / PROTECTIONDEFENCE / PROTECTION

FROM WOOD TO STONE

COAT OF ARMSCOAT OF ARMS

HeraldryTeams / uniforms

Family lineage

HeraldryTeams / uniforms

Family lineage

FEUDALISM - a system in which a free man binds himself personally to a lord, offering him loyalty and military serviceIn return for protection and the use of property.

HUNDRED YEARS WAR1338-1453

HUNDRED YEARS WAR1338-1453

France vs. England Who should be King of France?

England invaded France.English King Edward = Nephew of French ruler.

LONG WAR - Long truces, winter, harvests.ARCHERS gave England the advantage.

France vs. England Who should be King of France?

England invaded France.English King Edward = Nephew of French ruler.

LONG WAR - Long truces, winter, harvests.ARCHERS gave England the advantage.

BATTLE OF AGINCOURT1415 - French vs. English

Last important English victory

BATTLE OF AGINCOURT1415 - French vs. English

Last important English victory

French Four times the sizeRested and fedBattled for best ransom positionDisorganized

French Four times the sizeRested and fedBattled for best ransom positionDisorganized

English- Use of archers- Use of stakes- Organized and defeated a much

larger army

JOAN OF ARC17 YR. OLD PEASANT

GIRL

JOAN OF ARC17 YR. OLD PEASANT

GIRLLed by angelic voices.Led France to several victories.Helped to crown Charles VII the King of France.

Captured and burned at the stake.Heresy and witchcraft.Charles refused to pay ransom.

MARTYR - Became more powerful dead than alive.United the French people together as a “nation” rather than fiefdoms.

Led by angelic voices.Led France to several victories.Helped to crown Charles VII the King of France.

Captured and burned at the stake.Heresy and witchcraft.Charles refused to pay ransom.

MARTYR - Became more powerful dead than alive.United the French people together as a “nation” rather than fiefdoms.

TRADE AND TOWN TRADE AND TOWN

During the Crusades many new trade items were discovered.Silk, spices, tapestries, sugar, etc.

Ships and traders brought goods back for profit.allowed commoners an escape from serfdom.

Started as trade fairs => later evolved into towns.Towns helped overcome winters and outlaws.

During the Crusades many new trade items were discovered.Silk, spices, tapestries, sugar, etc.

Ships and traders brought goods back for profit.allowed commoners an escape from serfdom.

Started as trade fairs => later evolved into towns.Towns helped overcome winters and outlaws.

THE CRAFT GUILDSTHE CRAFT GUILDS

People became specialized (i.e.. Bakers, tailors, blacksmiths, tanners, tavern

keepers, etc.)

Guilds were formed to:Set standards.Control prices.Eliminate competition.Look after members

Illness, trade.

Apprentice => Journeyman => Master

People became specialized (i.e.. Bakers, tailors, blacksmiths, tanners, tavern

keepers, etc.)

Guilds were formed to:Set standards.Control prices.Eliminate competition.Look after members

Illness, trade.

Apprentice => Journeyman => Master

Blacksmith

Carpenter

Shoe maker

MEDIEVAL TOWNSMEDIEVAL TOWNS

MEDIEVAL TOWNSMEDIEVAL TOWNS

Became the center for farmers.London - Today >8 million -Then 50 000.

Castle & walls for protection.Unplanned, crowded no plumbing, garbage, and sewage dumped.

Attractions - pageants, plays, bear baiting, and other ‘blood sports’.

Became the center for farmers.London - Today >8 million -Then 50 000.

Castle & walls for protection.Unplanned, crowded no plumbing, garbage, and sewage dumped.

Attractions - pageants, plays, bear baiting, and other ‘blood sports’.

Bear Baiting

SOCIAL CHANGESSOCIAL CHANGESMoney became as important as land.The rise of the Middle Class would end feudalism.

Money became as important as land.The rise of the Middle Class would end feudalism.

NEW FREEDOMS- do as they wish- marry who they please- serfs = freedom if live in city for 1 yr. plus a day.- Charters - allowed towns to govern themselves

- usually run by the wealthy.

NEW POWERS- the merchant guild became the most powerful. ($ from

ships & trade)- Hanseatic League - protected trade routes and pressured leaders.

MEDIEVAL WOMENMEDIEVAL WOMEN

Lower status than men. Even the church approved of this.

Had many children, worked fields, household chores, and died young.

Town women better off as earned money.

Wealthy women still inferior but with education and money their status would eventually increase slowly.

Lower status than men. Even the church approved of this.

Had many children, worked fields, household chores, and died young.

Town women better off as earned money.

Wealthy women still inferior but with education and money their status would eventually increase slowly.

THE CHURCH IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGESStill had great influence on the people.THE CHURCH IN THE LATE MIDDLE AGESStill had great influence on the people.

RUMBLINGS IN THE FLOCJOHN WYCLIFFE

Questioned the church.Had no right to tell people what to believeTranslated the BibleCriticized the Church’s wealth.John Hus also criticized & was burned at the stake

CHURCH ARCHITECTURE

RUMBLINGS IN THE FLOCJOHN WYCLIFFE

Questioned the church.Had no right to tell people what to believeTranslated the BibleCriticized the Church’s wealth.John Hus also criticized & was burned at the stake

CHURCH ARCHITECTURE

RomanArch Gothic Arch

Flying Buttress

THE BLACK DEATH(BUBONIC PLAGUE)

THE BLACK DEATH(BUBONIC PLAGUE)

1/3 of Europe would die from the disease.

Thousands of ghost towns.Many felt a punishment by God.Left a shortage of workers.

Spread from victim to victimthrough fleas on rats.

Symptoms. Swollen lymph glands.Dark blotches on skin.High fever Vomiting blood.Hallucinations.Die within one to three days.

Brought out the best & worst in people.

1/3 of Europe would die from the disease.

Thousands of ghost towns.Many felt a punishment by God.Left a shortage of workers.

Spread from victim to victimthrough fleas on rats.

Symptoms. Swollen lymph glands.Dark blotches on skin.High fever Vomiting blood.Hallucinations.Die within one to three days.

Brought out the best & worst in people.

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Rats& crew on ships spread disease.

Protection ??

Medieval towns were decimated.