8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 1/31

Forensic ScienceWritten by:

Jennifer Hansen

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 2/31

What is forensic science?Application of science to lawApplies knowledge and technology ofscience to the definition andenforcement of lawsEnforced by police agencies in thecriminal j stice system

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 3/31

!i"ersity of professions withinthe forensic science

#riminalisticsEngineeringScience$eneralJ rispr dence%dontology&athology'(iology

&hysicalAnthropology&sychiatry andbeha"ioral science) estioned!oc ments*o+icology

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 4/31

Also di"isions s ch asFingerprint e+aminationFirearm and tool mark e+amination#omp ter and digital data analysis&hotography

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 5/31

,

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 6/31

History and !e"elopment ofForensic Science

Earliest -ecord .rd cent ry #hina /i / Ji 0A collection of criminal cases1Woman m rdered her h sband and b rnedthe body and claimed accidental fire#oroner noticed no ashes in mo th ofdeceased and performed e+periment on pigs#hinese were first to recogni2e the potentialof fingerprints as means of identification

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 7/31

3imited knowledege ofanatomy and pathologyhindered the growth of

forensics ntil the late 45th

cent ry and early 46thcent ry

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 8/31

7nitial Scientific ad"ances4586 0A treatise on Forensic medicineand & blic Health1

Written by french physician Francois9Eman al Fodere

(iggest breakthro ghs at this time werein chemistry

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 9/31

7nitial scientific ad"ances455 Sweedish #hemist #arl William

Scheele de"eloped first s ccessf ltest in detecting arsenic poisoning incorpses46;< $erman chemist =alatin -ossde"eloped more precise method ofdetection in stomach lining of "ictims

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 10/31

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 11/31

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 12/31

Ad"ances thro gh the mid46;; s

46<. First pres mpti"e test for blood*%D7#%3%$/ E=7!EC#E F7-S* SE!7C *-7A3 7C 46.8

Scottish chemist named James >arsh testifiedpresence of arsenic in "ictim

46 ; s9<; s &hotography became an integralpart of recording crime scenes

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 13/31

3ate Cineteenth #ent ry&rogress

4658 French scientist Alphonse(ertillon responsible forad"ancements in anthropology andmorphology st dy of str ct re ofli"ing organisms

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 14/31

(ertillon s System0Anthropometry1

systematic proced re in"ol"ed takingbody meas rements as means ofidentifying one indi"id al fromanotherFather of Criminal Identification

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 15/31

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 16/31

Francis Henry $alton Father of Fingerprinting First definiti"e st dy of fingerprinting andmethodology for classifying and filing468B p blished book 0 Finger &rints1First statistical proof s pportingniG eness of method of identification

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 17/31

Hans $ross468. & blic processor and j dge in$ra2 A stria p blished 0#riminal7n"estigation1

*his book detailed the assistance thatin"estigators co ld e+pect from fields ofmicroscopy chemistry physicsmineralogy 2oology botanyanthropometry and fingerprinting

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 18/31

Hans $ross 7ntrod ced the first forensic jo rnal

A jo rnal compiles impro"ed methods ofscience in a field*his jo rnal is still p blished and

pdated to this date

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 19/31

>ake (elie"e helped this fieldgrowI

Sherlock Holmes was a fictionalcharacter created by Sir Arth r#onan !oyle*ales where abo t !r John Watsonwho was Sherlock Holmes partner andbiographer and together they sol"edcriminal mysteries

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 20/31

>ake (elie"e helped this fieldgrowI

*his series encompassed fields like:Serology9 st dy of blood and bodily fl idFingerprintingFirearms identification

) estioned !oc ment e+amination

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 21/31

*wentieth cent ry(reakthro ghs

48;4 !r Karl 3andsteiner disco"eredblood types A ( A( %484 !r 3eone 3attes de"ised asimple test for determining bloodtypes from dried blood

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 22/31

Albert S %sborn484; !e"eloped f ndamentalprinciples of doc ment e+amination0) estioned !oc ments1

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 23/31

Edmond 3ocard484; pers aded 3yon s policedepartment to gi"e him B attic roomsand B assistants to start a policelaboratory%nly eG ipment was a microscope andspectrometer

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 24/31

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 25/31

3ocard s E+change &rincipleWhen two objects come into contactwith each other a cross transfer ofmaterial occ rs

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 26/31

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 27/31

%ther notable scientists!r Walter >c#rone9 world spreeminent microscopistArmy #olonel #al"in $oddard9 refinedtechniG es of firearm e+amination bysing a comparison microscope

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 28/31

>odern Scientific Ad"ances #omp ter *echnology#hromatographySpectrophotometryElectrophoresis!CA typing

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 29/31

Sir Alec Jeffreys!e"eloped first !CA profiling test in486@Has re"ol tioni2ed the practice offornsic science

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 30/31

8/16/2019 Ch 1a Forensic Powerpoint

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ch-1a-forensic-powerpoint 31/31

What sho ld 7 know at thispoint?

!efinition of forensic scienceWho de"eloped anthrpometry and what itisScientists what they contrib ted,(ertillon $alton 3attes $oddard %rfila

Jeffrey %sborn and 3ocard3ocard s e+change principle