Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1)

______ is an exampl e of an element .

1)

______ _ A )

Methane

B)

Water

C)

Carbon

D)

Glucose

E) S a t

Which of the followin g element s is not one of the four most commo n element s in living things?

2)

______ _ A )

oxygen

B)

carbon

C)

zinc

D)

hydrogen

E) n i r g e

Which of the followin g element s, essentia l to life, is a trace element ?

3)

______ _ A )

i in c arbon o e d

hydrogen D)

calcium E)

phosphorus 4)

An atom with a positive charge has ______.

4)

______ _ A )

e m ot electr q o ons o u r than n a e proto s, l el ns e n ct u ro m n b s, e a rn sd n o e fut ro p n rs

more protons than neutrons D)

more protons than electrons E)

more neutrons than protons 5)

All atoms of an element have the same number of ______.

5)

______ _ A )

p e trons to rn l plus o e neutr s c ons

electrons D)

protons plus neutrons E)

neutrons 6)

An atom's protons are found in its ______.

6)

______ _ A )

n m le lecule u o u cs

isotope D)

electron cloud E)

neutron 7)

Berylliu m's atomic mass is 9 and its atomic number is 4. How many neutron s are found in a berylliu m atom?

7)

______ _ A )

5

B)

9

C)

13

D)

4

E) 2

An uncharg ed atom of gold has an atomic number of 79 and an atomic mass of 197. This atom has ______ protons, ______ neutron s, and ______ electron s.

8)

______ _ A )

71 1 . . . 9 1 79 . . . 1 8 8 118 .. . . .7 9 .

276 . . . 118 . . . 79 D)

79 . . . 276 . . . 79 E)

118 . . . 276 . . . 118 9)

The way Earth moves about the sun is most like ______.

9)

______ _ A )

a a on n m n movin p o g rvi e aroun o l d the n tg e nucle o c us of ar n t an o u r atom a n n d d a n n el e e u ct tro rn o

a proton D)

moving about an electron

a neutron E)

moving about a proton

a neutron and electron moving around a proton 10)

Isotope s of an element have the same number of ______ and differen t number s of ______.

10)

______ A )

n . e trons s e. . l . . . u e proto el tec c ns rtro ons n

protons . . . D)

electrons

neutrons . . . protons E)

protons . . . 11)

neutrons

How do radioact ive isotopes differ from isotopes ?

11)

______ A )

R R isoto pe as a pes d dare ar i e i stabl oun o e; ast a isoto cab c pes tle; t are i iso i unsta vto v ble. epe e s i ar se ost tab ole.

They are D)

atoms of different elements.

Radioactive E)

isotopes have fewer neutrons than do isotopes.

Radioactive 12)

isotopes have more neutrons than do isotopes.

The second electron shell of an atom can hold a maximu m of ______ electron (s).

12)

______ A )

2

B)

8

C)

1

D)

6

E) 3 13)

Nitroge n has an atomic number of 7; therefor e, it has ______ electron s in its outerm ost electron shell.

13)

______ A )

2

B)

1

C)

10

D)

18

E) 5 14)

An atom with an electric al charge is a(n) ______.

14)

______ A )

m i on ec oul le

isotope D)

compound E)

radioisotope 15)

The bond betwee n opposit ely charged ions is a(n) ______ bond.

15)

______ A )

electronic

B)

ionic

C)

covalent

D)

polar

E) h y r g e 16)

In the followin g reaction , what type of bond is holding the two atoms togethe r? K + Cl K+ + Cl KCl

16)

______ A )

i ni hdrop oc y hobic

hydrophilic D)

hypertonic E)

covalent 17)

What name is given to bonds that involve the sharing of electron s?

17)

______ A )

polar

B)

covalent

C)

electronic

D)

ionic

E) h y r g e 18)

Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. How many covalen t bonds can sulfur form?

18)

______ A )

1

B)

2

C)

3

D)

4

E) 0 19)

The hydroge ns and oxygen of a water molecul e are held togethe r by ______ bonds.

19)

______ A )

proton

B)

hydrogen

C)

electron

D)

covalent

E) o s o i c 20)

Why is water conside red a polar molecul e?

20)

______ A )

Ta T n h hatom sli egh e attra t cts one o the xga x hydr ytiv y ogen g gatom e ech e s. n ar ge e, n an d d th oe f hy dr tog h en een d m ha os a l sli egh ct u po l sit eiv e h ch aar sge .

The oxygen is found between the two hydrogens. D)

It remains E)

liquid even at very low temperatures.

Both 21)

hydrogens are at one end of the molecule, and oxygen is at the other end.

Adjacen t water molecul es are joined by ______ bonds.

21)

______ A )

p c valen an od o t only l co ava rle nt

trivalent D)

hydrogen E)

ionic 22)

Adjacen t water molecul es are connect ed by the ______.

22)

______ A )

shy e betw h l een dr aog e the ren c hydr i of t ogen n r of on g i one e wac water oter a mole f m l cule ol a and eec t the l ul t oxyg ee r en of can a anot td c her rth t water oe i mole n o cule ox syg n en b of ean tot w he er ewa n ter m tol h ec eul e

electrical D)

attraction between the hydrogens of adjacent water molecules

sharing of E)

electrons between hydrogens of adjacent water molecules

sharing of 23)

electrons between adjacent oxygen molecules

How many oxygen atoms are in the product s of the followin g reaction ? C6H12O 6+6 H2O + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 12 H2O

23)

______ A )

6

B)

24

C)

18

D)

2

E) 1 2 24)

What are the reactan t(s) in the followin g chemic al reaction ? C6H12O 6+6 H2O + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 12 H2O

24)

______ A )

O C2 on 2 Oonly ly

CO2 and H2O D)

C6H12O6,

E)

H2O, and O2

C6H12O6, 25)

H2O, O2, CO2, and H2O

Human body cells are approxi mately ______ water.

25)

______ A )

9599%

B)

5055%

C)

2535%

D)

7095%

E) 1 0 2 % 26)

The tendenc y of molecul es of the same kind to stick togethe r is called ______.

26)

______ A )

p c hesio lar oity o n

interactivity D)

bonding E)

adhesion 27)

Why (if you are careful) are you able to float a needle on the surface of water?

27)

______ A )

A W le has is a adhe sles t sive i s e prop n r erties de g ns . le eth an n wa eter e. d

The covalent bonds that hold a water molecule together are responsible for this ability. D)

The polarity of individual water molecules makes this happen. E)

The surface 28)

tension that is a result of water's cohesive properties makes this possible.

Sweatin g cools your body by ______.

28)

______ A )

cesi a hesio oon dn h

hydrogen D)

bonding

evaporative E)

cooling

radiation 29)

As water freezes ______.

29)

______ A )

i s i lecul turrt es ou s move cnd farth oin m er og o apart l en svir on tm h en et

it loses its D)

polarity

it absorbs E)

energy from the surrounding environment

its hydrogen 30)

bonds break apart

Sugar dissolve s when stirred into water. The sugar is the ______, the water is the ______, and the sweete ned water is the ______.

30)

______ A )

s . . s on . . osol o . l ve l solut u ue . . . nt t. . t solve i . i nt osol n ut e .

solvent . . . D)

solution . . . solute

solute . . . E)

solvent . . . solution

solvent . . . 31)

solute . . . solution

Which of the followin g is an acid?

31)

______ A )

NaOH

B)

NaCl

C)

HCl

D)

CH4

E) H 2 32)

A base ______.

32)

______ A )

aol r s H+ d e ions ec d m ul from ses o a to v soluti H e on a O sol H uti on m

decreases the pH of a solution D)

removes H2O molecules from a solution E)

removes OH ions from a solution 33)

The lower the pH of a solution , the ______.

33)

______ A )

m hr the idi oc i OH rth gconc ee hentra sol e tion auti con

more basic the solution D)

less toxic the solution E)

greater the 34)

number of oxygen atoms

Relative to a pH of 6, a pH of 4 has a ______.

34)

______ A )

2 1mes ig 0 0highe he 0 0r H+ r H conc t+ t entra i co i tion m nc een stra tio h n

20 times D)

higher H+ concentration

20 times lower H+ concentration E)

100 times 35)

lower H+ concentration

What name is given to substan ces that resist change s in pH?

35)

______ A )

buffers

B)

sugars

C)

bases

D)

salts

E) a c d 36)

When a base is added to a buffere d solution , the buffer will ______.

36)

______ A )

d O date oH o H+ n nions aio tns e

form covalent bonds with the base D)

accept water molecules E)

accept H+ 37)

ions

People have long specula ted about whether life exists on Mars. Scientis ts have evidenc e that on Mars, ______.

37)

______ A )

p lif t r l e hprese aex e nt n ist has ts o alwa nys l been y froze n in wthe a polar t ice e caps

liquid water D)

has existed in the past

microbial life exists E)

water is found only in the form of water vapor 38)

Examin e the drawing of an atom below. The art is technic ally incorrec t in that ______.

38)

______ A )

p n t ns rot hshoul oloce d be tat much oed e farth n l er in sth e away e c from anu t the rcler nucle eus o us

electrons do not orbit the nucleus D)

neutrons are not located in the nucleus E)

electrons do 39)

not have a negative charge

Examin e the followin g figure. Which of the represe ntations of molecul es does not reveal double bonds?

39)

______ A )

en b-andl co a stick enfi l mode cgu l l trat rio on

structural D)

formula

space-filling E)

model

All of the 40)

representations of molecules reveal double bonds.

Examin e the pH scale below. How does househ old bleach compar e to househ old ammoni a?

40)

______ A )

Hm Hch oor o has u u10 e sacis times edi e highe h hr H+ c oth o conc l an l entra d dtion ho us than b bhous eh l ol l ehold ed e amm aa a onia. cm h m on i ia. s

Household D)

bleach has 100 times higher H+ concentration than household ammonia.

Household E)

ammonia has 10 times higher H+ concentration.

Household

ammonia has 100 times higher H+ concentration.

Please read the following scenario to answer the following question(s). The last few miles of the marathon are the most difficult for Heather. Her hair is plastered to her head, sweat clings to her arms, and her legs feel as if they had nothing left. Heather grabs a cup of ice water. The ice cubes smash against her nose as she gulps some cool refreshment and keeps on running. Then a breeze kicks up and she finally feels some coolness against her skin. Drops of sweat, once clinging to her forehead, now spill down, and Heather feels a stinging as the sweat flows into her eyes. 41)

Sweat on Heather s forehea d and arms formed drops because of the ______.

41)

______ A )

ce hapor ona i ative h gcooli tur ee hng sof effec i wae t of vter v water

ability of water to act as a solvent D)

high salt E)

content of sweat

ability of water to moderate heat 42)

Which of the followin g is the most likely reason why the ice struck Heather s nose when she took a drink?

42)

______ A )

W T ity of fu anc hwater ttio e decre en ases ras dwhen a e it csol nfreez ave s es. n nt.

Water has a D)

cohesive nature.

Water can E)

moderate temperatures through evaporative cooling.

Water can

store large amounts of heat.

1)

C 2)

C 3)

A 4)

D 5)

A 6)

A 7)

A 8)

A 9)

B 10)

E 11)

A 12)

B 13)

E 14)

B 15)

B 16)

A 17)

B 18)

B 19)

D 20)

A 21)

D 22)

B 23)

B 24)

D 25)

D 26)

B 27)

E 28)

D 29)

B 30)

D 31)

C 32)

B 33)

A 34)

B 35)

A 36)

B 37)

C 38)

B 39)

D 40)

D 41)

A 42)

B