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Dr.  Sanjeeva  Srivastava  IIT  Bombay  

IIT Bombay Proteomics Course NPTEL

•  Central Dogma

•  DNA •  RNA •  Proteins

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DNA Genetic blueprint

RNA Molecular Photocopy

Proteins Building blocks

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Prom

oter   T  

A  T  A  

C  A  G  

T  A  C  

C  G  T  

Q  

Y  

R  

Message  

Protein  Sequence  &  Regula2on  

Protein  Structure  

Protein/  Enzyme  Structure  

DNA  Sequence  

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Nucleoside= Base + Sugar

Nucleotide= Base + Sugar + Phosphate

Nucleic Acids = Nucleotide joined by phosphodiester

bonds

Phosphodiester bond

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Bas

e

P

5’ 3’

Bas

e

P

5’ 3’

Bas

e

P

5’ 3’

Bas

e

P

5’ 3’

Bas

e

P

5’ 3’

Deoxyribose sugar

Nucleoside

Nucleotide

Phosphodiester bond

N-glycosidic linkage

3.4 Ao

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Parent DNA molecule

Replication

Conservative model

Dispersive model

Semi-conservative

model

Daughter DNA molecules

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IIT Bombay Proteomics Course NPTEL 24 Nucleotide

Nucleoside Base

Ribose sugar

P Base

Ribose sugar

Phosphate

Sugar phosphate backbone

Nitrogenous bases – Adenine/ Guanine/ Uracil/ Cytosine

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Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

5‘UTR Start Stop Poly A tail Cap 3‘UTR Coding sequence

Large subunit

Small subunit

5’ 3’

Acceptor stem

TψC loop

Anticodon loop

D loop

Variable loop

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Ribosome

Incoming aminoacyl-tRNAs

Amino acid

Movement of ribosome

Growing polypeptide chain

5’

3’

mRNA

Outgoing tRNAs

P site A site

Start codon

Stop codon

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IIT Bombay Proteomics Course NPTEL

•  Central Dogma

•  DNA •  RNA •  Proteins

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IIT Bombay Proteomics Course NPTEL

•  Berg J., Tmyoczko J. & Stryer L., Biochemitry fifth ed., W. H. Freeman & company, 2002. ISBN: 0716746840. • Lewin B., Gene VIII first ed., Pearson, 2003, ISBN: 0131239244. •  Nelson D. & Cox M.,Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry fourth ed., W. H. Freeman and company, 2004. ISBN: 023022699X. •  Voet D. & Voet J., Biochemistry fourth ed., Wiley, 2000. ISBN: 047158651X.