Centaur 40,Centaur 50 and Taurus 60 Solar Turbine

7/13/2019 Centaur 40,Centaur 50 and Taurus 60 Solar Turbine

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C EN TAUR 40 , C EN TAUR 50 A N DTAURUS 60 G A S TURBIN E

CO

M

PRESSO

RSET

S


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Introduction

i

Solar Turbines Incorporated is a worldwide leader in

the design, manufacture and installation of industrialgas turbines. Solars 40 years of successful integra-tion of high technology into fluid compression, liquid

pumping, and industrial power generation applica-tions has resulted in more than 10,000 gas turbine

installations in 86 countries around the world.More than 850 million hours of operation has been

logged in a wide range of applications, which gives

testimony to the mature design and wide user accep-tance of Solar's products. The gas turbine packages,

with their selection of driven equipment and controlsystem arrangements, are completely packaged sys-

tems that require a minimum of site preparation prior

to installation.Solars gas turbine packages represent years of

intensive development by the engineering and manu-facturing groups of Solar Turbines Incorporated. The

gas turbine packages are designed and applied byengineers specifically trained and experienced in the

operation of gas turbines, gas compression and liquidpumping systems, power generation, and equipmentinstallation. The gas turbines are manufactured to

rigid industrial standards and are thoroughly tested inmodern facilities. Solars operations are currently

certified by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) to conform tothe ISO 9000 series of Quality Systems Standards.

The heart of the mechanical-drive and power

generation package systems, the gas turbine, offersmany reliable features. Its continuous-burning com-bustion cycle, combined with continuous rotation of

the turbine rotor, allows virtually vibration-free opera-tion. The gas turbine package delivers efficient and

dependable performance.Both predesigned packages and custom-engi-

neered systems are reviewed by specialists in

equipment installation to help assure the optimumconfiguration. Qualified technical representatives

from Solars Customer Services organization areavailable around the world to provide start-up

supervision, maintenance planning and services, and

operator training.We invite you to read further into this booklet

to gain a greater appreciation of the features andbenefits of Solars gas turbine packages and Solars

commitment to single-source responsibility for highquality turbomachinery systems. This product de-

scription presents the basic package configuration,available options, ancillary equipment, installationrequirements, and support services as of the date of

publication. Please note that changes in the equip-ment and service descriptions and specifications

may occur without prior notice.


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ii

Contents

Centaur 40, Centaur 50 and Taurus 60 Gas Turbine Compressor Sets

BASIC PACKAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Centaur 40, Centaur 50 and Taurus 60 Gas Turbines

BASIC GAS TURBINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Driven Equipment

GAS COMPRESSORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Control System

TURBOTRONIC CONTROLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10CONTROL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10CONTROL SYSTEM OPTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14GAS COMPRESSOR CONTROLS AND MONITORING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18CONTROL SYSTEM ACCESSORIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Sta rt Syste m s

PNEUMATIC START SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21DIRECT-DRIVE AC START SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Fue l System

NATURAL GAS FUEL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23SOLONOx COMBUSTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Lub rica tion Syste m

BASIC LUBRICATION SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Se a l System s

SEAL OIL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27DRY GAS SEAL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Anc i l l a ry Equipme nt

ENCLOSURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32AIR INLET SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35GAS TURBINE EXHAUST SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35EXHAUST HEAT RECOVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Insta l la t ion Requirements

SITE REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36MECHANICAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38DRAWINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Testing and Qual i ty Assurance

TEST FACILITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40TESTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40PERFORMANCE REVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41QUALITY ASSURANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Support Services

CONSTRUCTION SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42CUSTOMER SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42CONTRACT POWER AND LEASING SERVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42


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Illustra tio ns

Typical Gas Turbine Compressor Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Typical Gas Turbine Gauge Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Typical Two-Shaft Gas Turbine and Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Typical Gas Turbine Cutaway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Typical Centrifugal Compressor Cutaway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Typical Centrifugal Compressor Cross Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Typical TurbotronicControl Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Typical Operation Summary Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Typical Battery and Charger Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Typical Pneumatic Start System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Typical Direct-Drive AC Start System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Typical Variable Frequency Drive Cabinet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Typical Natural Gas Fuel System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Typical Lube Oil System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Typical Compressor Seal Oil and Buffer Gas System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Typical Dry Gas Seal Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Typical Dry Gas Seal System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Typical Dry and Wet Seal Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Typical Enclosure Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Typical Water-Wash Cart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Typical Service Connections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Typical Electrical Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Solars Customer Services Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43


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C onve rsion C ha rt

Caterpillar is a registered trademark of Caterpillar Inc.

Solar, Centaur, Taurus, Mars, SoLoNOx and Turbotronic are trademarks of Solar Turbines Incorporated.Specifications subject to change without notice. Printed in U.S.A.1998 Solar Turbines Incorpor ated. All rights reserved .

A BBREVIA TIO N S

To Conver tFrom

Engl ish

sq in. mm2 645.16 cm2 6.4516sq ft m2 0.0929 m2 0.0929lb/cu ft kg/m3 16.0185 kg/m3 16.0185ft-lb

f/lb

mkJ/kg 0.0029891 kJ/kg 0.002989

Btu kJ 1.0551 kcal 0.252Btu/h W 0.2931 kcal/h 0.252Btu/scf kJ/nm3 39.3694 kcal/nm3 9.382in. mm 25.400 cm 2.540ft m 0.3048 m 0.3048yd m 0.914 m 0.914lb kg 0.4536 kg 0.4536hp kW 0.7457 kW 0.7457psi kPa 6.8948 kg/cm2 0.070psia kPa (a) 6.8948 bars abs 0.068948psig kPa (g) 6.8948 ata 0.070in. Hg kPa 3.3769 cm Hg 2.540in. H

2O kPa 0.2488 cm H

2O 2.540

F C (F-32) 5/9 C (F-32) 5/9F (Interval) C (Interval) 5/9 C (Interval) 5/9mph km/h 1.6093 km/h 1.6093ft/s m/s 0.3048 m/s 0.3048cu ft m3 0.028317 m3 0.028317gal (U.S.) L 3.7854 L 3.7854cfm m3/min 0.028317 m3/min 0.028317cfm m3/s 0.00047195scfm nm3/min 0.0268 nm3/h 1.61MMSCFD nm3/min 18.62 nm3/h 1117

cm2 mm2 100kcal kJ 4.1868

kcal/h W 1.16279cm mm 10kg/cm2 kPa 98.0665

bars kPa 100.0atm kPa 101.325cm Hg kPa 1.3332cm H

2O kPa 0.09807

nm3/h nm3/min 0.0167

To S.I.M e t r i c

M ul t ip lyBy

To O ldM e t ric

M ul t ip lyBy

C O NV ERSIO N FAC TO RS

To Conver tFrom

Old Metr ic

abs absoluteata atmosphere absoluteBtu British thermal unitBtu/h British thermal unit/hourC Degrees Celsiuscfm cubic foot/minutecm centimetercm2 square centimetercm3 cubic centimetercu ft cubic footF Degrees Fahrenheitft/s foot/secondft-lb foot-poundft-lb

f/lb

mfoot-pound force/pound mass

fps foot per secondgal gallonhp horsepowerin. inchin. Hg inch mercuryin. H

2O inch water

kcal kilocaloriekg kilogramkg

mkilogram mass

kJ kilojoulekPa kilopascalksi 1000 pounds/square inchkW kilowattL literm metermm millimeterMMSCFD millions of standard* cubic foot/day

MPa Megapascalm2 square meterm3 cubic meterm3/min cubic meter/minutemph miles per hourN NewtonN/m2 Pascalnm3/h normal** cubic meter/hoursm3/h standard*** cubic meter/hourpsi pounds/square inchpsia pounds/square inch absolutepsig pounds/square inch gaugescf standard* cubic footscfd standard* cubic foot/dayscf m standard* cubic foot/minutesq square

* standard = 60F and 14.7 psia

** normal = 0C and 1.01325 x 105Pascals

*** standard = 15C and 760 mm Hg

To S.I.M e t ric

M ul t ip lyBy

PA98045M


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1

C e nta ur 40, C e nta ur 50 a nd Ta urus 60G a s Turb ine C om p re ssor Se ts

BASIC PACKAGE

The gas turbine package is a completely integrated,fully operational package consisting of a powermodule for mating with the compressor skid and

equipped with all accessories and auxiliary systemsnecessary for normal operation when connected to

suitable facilities. In addition to the wide range ofdriven equipment available, various optional features

can be supplied to meet varying installation andoperating requirements.

Designed specifically for industrial service, the

gas turbine package is a compact, lightweight unitrequiring minimum floor space for installation. Proven

packaging features greatly reduce installation costs,time, materials, and labor.

The gas turbine compressor set includes:

Two-shaft industrial gas turbine

Centrifugal gas compressor

Gas turbine air inlet and exhaust collectors

Gas turbine/compressor control console

Start system

Fuel system

Lubricating oil system Seal system

Base skid with drip pans

Onskid electric system and wiring

The base frame is a structural steel assembly withbeam sections and cross members welded together

to form a rigid foundation suitable for three-pointmounting. Mechanical interface connection points for

fuel, air, and water (for gas turbine cleaning) areconveniently located on the outer skid edge. Electri-

cal connection points are made in onskid junction

boxes and terminal strips.Package piping and manifolds are 316L stainless

steel material. This applies to all package pipingsystems including the start, fuel and lube oil systems,

supply, drain and vent lines up to and including 102mm (4 in.) in diameter. In addition, the associated

flange assembly hardware is 316 stainless steel.

Piping sizes 152 mm (6 in.) in diameter and larger are

carbon steel.The following items are not stainless steel, but

may be considered for a material change:

Valve bodies or blocks and system functional

components

Pipe supporting hardware such as cushion

clamps and brackets

Oil tank cover assemblies with connection pip-ing and fittings welded in place

Sliding lube oil drain couplings and plates Pipe flexible couplings

Filter housings

Lube oil tank

Onskid Tube Fittings

All tubing is 316 stainless steel using Swagelok branddual ferrule 316 stainless steel compression fittings.

O n s k i d G a u g e P a n e l

The onskid gauge panel includes various gaugesdepending on type of fuel system used and otherfluid system options. Available as digital display or

fluid gauges.

O nskid Elec tric System

Solar offers National Electrical Code (NEC) and

International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)onskid electric system options and several three-

phase motor voltage options to meet varying electricalsupply and code requirements.

NEC, C la ss I, Grou p D, Division 1 o r 2

All electric equipment on the basic package can be

provided in accordance with the National Fire Pro-

tection Agency (NFPA) 70 (NEC) requirements forequipment installed in a Class I, Group D, Division 1

or 2 hazardous area. All wire runs are made in conduitfor physical protection and isolation from combustible

atmospheres. The gas turbine console and optionalbatteries and battery charger are nonexplosionproof

and must be installed in a nonhazardous area.


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Typical Gas Turbine Compressor Set

Top View

LUBE OILFILTERS

OUTPUTDRIVE SHAFT

EXHAUSTCOLLECTOR

LUBE OILTANK VENT

243

8mm

(8')

Side View

TURBINEGAUGE PANEL

AFTMOUNT

BASEFRAME

2718mm

(8'11")

2388mm

(7'10")

8915 mm (29' 3")

CONTROL CONSOLEDepth: 800 mm (2' 7-1/2")

SPCUCS-002M

Gas Turbine 2586 5700 2631 5800 3084 7200

Gas Turbine - SoLoNOx 3493 7700 3538 7800 4173 9200

Gas Turbine Base and Accessories 7938 17,500 7938 17,500 7938 17,500

Gas Compressor - C401 9772 21,500 9772 21,500 9772 21,500

Gas Compressor Base & Accessories 4536 10,000 4536 10,000 4536 10,000

Enclosure (not shown) 5443 12,000 5443 12,000 5443 12,000

Total Installed Dry Package Weight

Standard 26 853 59,200 26 898 59,300 27 533 60,700

SoLoNOx 27 760 61,200 27 805 61,300 28 440 62,700

Control Console 635 1400 635 1400 635 1400

APPROXIMATE WEIGHTS Centaur 40 Centaur 50 Taurus 60

kg lb kg lb kg lb

2286mm

(7'6")

1448 mm(4' 9")

EXHAUSTAIRINLET CENTRIFUGAL

GAS COMPRESSOR

COMPRESSORGAUGE PANEL

FORWARDMOUNT

GAS TURBINE


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3

Typ i ca l G a s Turb i ne G a uge Pa ne l

PA98016M

1. Lube Oil Filter P2. Compressor Discharge Pressure3. Lube Oil Pressure4. Fuel Gas Pressure5. Lube Oil Temperature6. Enclosure Pressure (Optional)

7. Intrinsically Safe Junction Box8. Junction Box

78

1 2 3 64 5

IEC , Zone 1

All electric equipment is in accordance with IECstandards for electric equipment in Zone 1, Group IIAhazardous locations per Solars specifications ES

1762 and ES 2007. The package is wired with armored

multi-conductor cables and cable glands where thecable enters a component or terminal box. Stainlesssteel cable trays are used to support, protect and

route the armored cables. Separate cable trays areused to segregate intrinsically safe cables from instru-mentation and control cables. The gas turbine console

and optional batteries and battery charger are

nonexplosionproof and must be installed in a nonhaz-ardous area.

Three-Phase Motor Vol tage

All three-phase motors on the package have the same

voltage rating. The required motor starters are notincluded. The standard available motor ratings are:

460 Vac, 60 Hz

575 Vac, 60 Hz 380 Vac, 50 Hz 400 Vac, 50 Hz

415 Vac, 50 Hz


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C e nta ur 40, C e nta ur 50a nd Ta urus 60 G a s Turb ine s

Typ ic a l Two -Sha ft Ga s Turbine a nd Loa d

BA SIC G A S TURBIN E

The gas turbine is a self-contained, completely inte-grated prime mover of a two-shaft, axial-flow design.

The exceptionally compact gas turbine has fourbasic sections: compressor, combustor, gas genera-

tor turbine, and power turbine. The gas generator andpower turbine have separate shafts and are mechani-

cally independent.

The gas turbine assembly consists of:

Accessory drive assembly

Air inlet collector

Axial-flow compressor Annular combustor

Gas generator turbine assembly

Power turbine assembly

Gas turbine exhaust collector

The components of the gas turbine are maintained

in accurate alignment by mating flanges with pilotsurfaces and are bolted together to form a rigid

assembly. The accessory drive assembly is drivenby the compressor rotor shaft. The accessory drivesupports and drives the main lube oil pump and start

motor, as well as other accessories depending on

the application.The gas turbine design includes the fundamentalprinciples of long life and low maintenance. Reflecting

a design philosophy that combines the outstandingperformance traits of the gas turbine with the ruggedconstruction best suited for industrial use, the gas

turbine has been designed for a high degree ofcompliance with American Petroleum Institute (API)

requirements.One of the key design parameters of the gas tur-

bine is to operate at gas temperatures and stresslevels that provide maximum assurance of long lifefor the major rotating and stationary components.

Another prime design objective is dependability. Whilemany factors contribute to the dependability of the

basic gas turbine, the selection of proper controls andgas turbine accessories is a major element.

The gas turbine incorporates Solars advancedaerodynamic and mechanical technology and design.

The structural concept of Solars gas turbines is

unique in the engineering of gas turbines. With a fewexceptions, contemporary machines have been de-

signed to two extremes: either they are designedspecifically to aircraft practices of highly sophisti-

cated construction for lightweight but short life orthey are designed with the massiveness of industrialsteam turbines to ensure long life. In keeping with an

optimum philosophy, the construction of Solars gasturbines lies between the two extremes.

Principles of Operation

The continuous power cycle and rotary motion of a gasturbine provides several advantages over other typesof engines, including relatively vibrationless opera-

tion, as well as fewer moving parts and wear points.

SoLoNOx G a s Turbine

TheSoLoNOx gas turbine is a self-contained, com-pletely integrated prime mover of a two-shaft, axial-flow, dry emissions control design.

The combustion system is an annular type with

lean-premixed fuel injectors. This system reducespollution by limiting the formation of nitrogen oxides

(NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). Lean-premixed

combustion results in lower maximum flame temper-ature which reduces pollutant formation.

COMBUSTOREXHAUST

DRIVENEQUIPMENTCOMPRESSOR

TURBINE

PA98017M

FUELAIR

SHAFT

GEARBOX(if required)


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5

Typ ica l G a s Turbine C utaw a y

PA98018M/S

POWER TURBINEROTOR ASSEMBLY

GAS GENERATORTURBINE ROTORASSEMBLY

COMBUSTORHOUSINGASSEMBLY

GAS FUELMANIFOLD

COMPRESSORVARIABLE

VANE ASSEMBLIES

AIR INLETASSEMBLY

ACCESSORYDRIVE

ASSEMBLY

COMPRESSORROTORASSEMBLY

COMPRESSORCASEASSEMBLY

COMPRESSORDIFFUSERASSEMBLY

FUELINJECTOR

BLEEDAIR VALVE

NOZZLE CASEASSEMBLY

EXHAUSTCOLLECTOR

TURBINEEXHAUSTDIFFUSER

OUTPUTDRIVE SHAFTASSEMBLY


11/49

6

Drive n Eq uip m e nt

G AS C O M PRESSO RS

Solar has developed a line of centrifugal gas compres-sors designed specifically to match the operating

speeds of Solars gas turbines. All of Solars gasturbine packages can be provided with matching

integrated centrifugal compressor modules, availablein single-body, two-body, or three-body tandem unitsfor direct-drive or gear-driven applications.

Solars approach to compressor design is to maxi-mize simplicity and flexibility.Solargas compressors

are designed to achieve a minimum of three yearsof continuous full-load duty between inspections,

and major components are designed for 20 yearsof continuous operation. Many of the features com-monly used in Solarcompressor designs conform to

American Petroleum Institute (API) 617.Standard features include:

Vertically split barrel-type construction

Tilt-pad journal bearings

Self-aligning tilt-pad thrust bearings

Rigid modular rotor construction

Rotor trim balancing Overcompensating balance piston

Radial vibration measurement

Thrust bearing temperature sensors

Solars compressor packages are complete withall unique system requirements built into the basic

package. This inherent single-source responsibilityeliminates any risk of drive train incompatibility or

performance questions that may arise when thedriver and driven compressors are built by different

manufacturers.For more details about Solars centrifugal compres-

sors and compressor sets, please refer to Solars

publications B-O&G, SPCC, DS40CS, DS50CSand DS60CS.

Impel lers . Compressor impellers are designed to

conservative stress levels. All impellers are suitable

for sour gas applications. Each impeller, after machin-ing, is proof tested to 115% of its maximum mechani-

cal speed.

Rotor Asse m b ly. The rotor assembly consists ofstub shafts, impellers, and, if required, rotor spacers(to maintain a constant bearing span) and a centerbolt.

These components are individually balanced and arerabbet-fit to each other for concentric alignment.Torque is transmitted through dowel pins. The entire

assembly is clamped together with the centerbolt.

The rotor assembly is easy to disassemble. The

benefits from this type of construction are two-fold.Impellers that can be used in a restaged rotor are

easily salvaged and downtime is minimized. Reusingold impellers, instead of purchasing new ones to

match new operating conditions, enhances the eco-nomic feasibility of restaging to maintain optimumcompressor performance and the lowest possible

operating costs.

Casings.The pressure-containing outer casing of a

compressor is an assembly of three components: thesuction and discharge end caps, which contain the

bearing and seal assemblies, and the centerbody,

which holds the rotor and stator assemblies. This isconsidered a vertically split barrel design. The end

caps contain all the service ports for oil and gas.

Compr essor M odule .The compressor module in-cludes the centrifugal compressor(s) mounted on a

structural steel matching base which, when bolted tothe driver skid, forms a continuous base plate onwhich all the required subsystems are installed.

Lube O il System .The gas turbine, gearbox (if re-

quired), and compressor modules have a commonlube oil system.

Se a l O il Syste m .On certain compressor models, aseal oil system and a seal buffer gas system are

provided to contain the gas within the gas compres-sor. The high pressure main seal oil pump is turbinedriven and an auxiliary seal oil pump is provided for

start-up and shutdown.

Dry Sea ls.On some compressor models, it is pos-sible to provide a complete dry seal system. Solarsgas compressor tandem dry seal consists of a primary

seal, a secondary backup seal, and a shaft buffer air(or nitrogen) circumferential seal which prevents lubri-

cating oil leakage into the secondary seal.

Hyd rosta tic Te sting . Hydrostatic pressure testingof all compressor casings and end caps is done perAPI 617 for 30 minutes at 1.5 times the maximum

casing design pressure, regardless of application.Test water is treated with a wetting agent to allow

better penetration of possible casing defects. Afterthe hydro and final magnetic particle test, the casingis steam cleaned and bead blasted for surface prepa-

ration. Afterwards, it is painted per Solars specifica-tion ES 9-58.


12/49

7

Typical Centr i fugal Compressor Cutaway

Sha ft Co upl ing. Solars standard shaft interconnectis a Kop-Flex dry coupling. In some cases, a continu-

ously lubricated gear-type coupling is provided.

Pre lim ina ry A lign m e nt.The drive train is alignedpreliminarily at the factory to simplify final field

alignment.

IMPELLER

CASING

DISCHARGECAVITY

DISCHARGEBEARING ANDSEAL ASSEMBLY

BALANCEPISTON

DISCHARGEFLANGE(Port)

STATOR

DIFFUSERPASSAGE

COUPLING HUB ORBALANCE SLEEVE

SUCTIONFLANGE(Port)

INLETGUIDE VANE

INLET

HOUSING

STATOR

ASSEMBLY

SUCTIONBEARING ANDSEAL ASSEMBLY

PA98020MS


13/49

8

Typ ica l C e ntri fug a l C om pre ssor Cross Se c tion

END CAP CASINGINLETCAVITY

VANELESSDIFFUSER DIAPHRAGM

LABYRINTHSEAL

COUPLINGHUB

JOURNALBEARING

SHAFTSEALS

TIEBOLT

ROTORSPACER

IMPELLERSTUBSHAFT

TRIMBALANCE

ROTATING

STATIC

THRUSTBEARINGS

PA98021M

DISCHARGECAVITY


14/49

C160A 1-10 10 350 (1500) 50.95 (1800) 4.25 (150) 22.1 (7400) 215 (72,000) 191 (7.50) 22, 300

C160B 1-10 10 350 (1500) 50.95 (1800) 4.25 (150) 22.1 (7400) 215 (72,0000 191 (7.50) 22, 300

C160C 1-10 10 350 (1500) 50.95 (1800) 4.25 (150) 22.1 (7400) 215 (72,000) 191 (7.50) 22, 300C160RA 1-10 15 513 (2250) 50.95 (1800) 4.25 (150) 22.1 (7400) 215 (72,000) 191 (7.50) 22, 300

C160RB 1-10 20 700 (3000) 50.95 (1800) 4.25 (150) 22.1 (7400) 215 (72,000) 191 (7.50) 22, 300

C166S 1-6 31 050 (4500) 50.95 (1800) 4.25 (150) 22.1 (7400) 132 (44,000) 191 (7.50) 22, 300

C167S 2-6 10 350 (1500) 45.30 (1600) 4.25 (150) 21.5 (7200) 129 (43,000) 178 (7.00) 22, 300

C167P 1-3 10 350 (1500) 90.60 (3200) 4.25 (150) 21.5 (7200) 64 (21,500) 178 (7.00) 22, 300

C284 1-4 5 175 (750) 274.60 (9700) 22.65 (800) 59.8 (20,000) 239 (80,000) 305 (12.00) 22, 300

C304 1-4 10 350 (1500) 212.35 (7500) 22.65 (800) 37.4 (12,500) 149 (50,000) 305 (12 00) 16, 500

C306 1-6 10 350 (1500) 212.35 (7500) 22.65 (800) 31.4 (10,500) 191 (64,000) 305 (12.00) 15, 500

C334I 1-6 13 800 (2000) 268.95 (9500) 22.65 (800) 59.8 (20,000) 299 (100,000) 327 (12.86) 20, 800

C336I 1-9 13 800 (2000) 243.53 (8600) 22.65 (800) 38.8 (13,000) 281 (94,000) 327 (12.86) 16, 500

C337IS 2-8 8 280 (1200) 232.20 (8200) 22.65 (800) 38.8 (13,000) 281 (94,000) 327 (12.86) 16, 500

C337IP 1-4 8 280 (1200) 461.57 (16,300) 22.65 (800) 38.8 (13,000) 140 (47,000) 327 (12.86) 16, 500

C338I 1-12 13 800 (2000) 237.85 (8400) 22.65 (800) 35.9 (12,000) 323 (108,000) 327 (12.86) 16, 500

C401 1 11 040 (1600) 269.00 (9500) 33.98 (1200) 52.0 (19,000) 57 (19,000) 452 (17.80) 14, 300

C402 1-2 11 040 (1600) 269.00 (9500) 42.48 (1500) 53.8 (18,000) 96 (32,000) 419 (16.50) 14, 300

C404A 1-5 13 800 (2000) 254.85 (9000) 22.65 (800) 44.8 (15,000) 170 (57,000) 381 (15.00) 14, 300

C404B 1-5 17 240 (2500) 254.85 (9000) 22.65 (800) 44.8 (15,000) 170 (57,000) 381 (15.00) 14, 300C406A 2-6 13 800 (2000) 254.85 (9000) 22.65 (800) 44.8 (15,000) 254 (85,000) 381 (15.00) 14, 300

C406B 2-6 17 240 (2500) 254.85 (9000) 22.65 (800) 44.8 (15,000) 254 (85,000) 381 (15.00) 14, 300

C451 1 15 500 (2250) 453.07 (16,000) 79.29 (2800) 66.0 (22,000) 66 (22,000) 560 (22.06) 12, 000

C452 1-2 15 500 (2250) 254.85 (9000) 99.10 (3500) 44.8 (15,000) 90 (30,000) 560 (22.06) 12, 000

C505J 1-5 2 760 (400) 566.34 (20,000) 70.80 (2500) 56.8 (19,000) 284 (95,000) 457 (22.06) 12,000

C505U 1-5 10 350 (1500) 509.71 (18,000) 62.30 (2200) 44.8 (15,000) 224 (75,000) 457 (18.00) 12, 500

C651 1 11 040 (1600) 566.34 (20,000) 113.27 (4000) 57.0 (19,000) 57 (19,000) 665 (26.17) 9730

C652 1-2 11 040 (1600) 566.34 (20,000) 141.59 (5000) 53.8 (18,000) 96 (32,000) 616 (24.25) 9730

(a) Capability of the compressor may vary depending upon maximum package speed, suction conditions, gas composition, impeller material and discharge condition.

(b) Mating flange limit could be lower than the case rating pressure.

C om p re ssor C a sin g Pre ssu re M a x im u m M inim um M a x im u m M a x im u m M a xim um

Fra m e N o. of Ra tin g ( a ,b ), Flo w ( a ), Flo w ( a ), H e a d p er Sta ge (a ), To ta l He a d ( a ), Im pe lle r D ia ., M axim um

Size Sta g e s kPa ( p sig ) m3/ m in (c fm ) m

3/ m in (c fm ) k J/ k gm ( f t - lb f/ lb m ) k J/ k g m ( f t - lb f/ lb m ) m m ( in . ) Sp e e d , rp m

Co m pressor Cha ra c ter ist ics

Co m pressor Ca sing Da ta

M a x i m u m

Fra m e C o m p r e sso r W e i g ht , Su c t io n Po rt , D isc h a r g e Po rt ,Si z e k g ( l b ) mm -k P a ( i n . -p s ig ) mm -k P a ( i n . -p s ig )

C160A 1066 (2350) 203-4137 (8-600) 203-4137 (8-600)

C160B 1066 (2350) 152-6205 (6-900) 152-6205 (6-900)

C160C 1066 (2350) 203-4137 (8-600) 152-6205 (6-900)

C160RA 1996 (4400) 203-6205 (8-900) 203-6205 (8-900)

C160RB 1996 (4400) 203-10 342 (8-1500) 203-10 342 (8-1500)

C166S 2631 (5800) 203-17 237 (8-2500) 203-17 237 (8-2500)

C167 515 (7750) 356-4137 (14-600) 356-4137 (14-600)

C284 3084 (6800) 305-2758 (12-400) 305-2758 (12-400)

C304 4264 (9400) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)

C306 5443 (12,000) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)

C334I 5443 (12,000) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)

C336I 7031 (15,500) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)

C337I 9526 (21,000) 610-4137 (24-600) 610-4137 (24-600)

C338I 7983 (17,600) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)

C401 752 (21,500) 508-6205 (20-900) 508-6205 (20-900)

C402 12 200 (26,900) 508-6205 (20-900) 508-6205 (20-900)

C404A 10 569 (23,300) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)

C404B 10 569 (23,300) 406-10 324 (16-1500) 406-10 324 (16-1500)

C406A 12 088 (26,650) 406-6205 (16-900) 406-6205 (16-900)

C406B 12 088 (26,650) 406-10 324 (16-1500) 406-10 324 (16-1500)

C451 19 051 (42,000) 610-6205 (24-900) 610-6205 (24-900)

C452 22 680 (50,000) 610-6205 (24-900) 610-6205 (24-900)

C505J 9072 (20,000) 610-2068 (24-300) 610-2068 (24-300)

C505U 19 278 (42,500) 610-6205 (24-900) 610-6205 (24-900)

C651 28 350 (62,500) 762-6205 (30-900) 762-6205 (30-900)

C652 34 474 (76,000) 762-6205 (30-900) 762-6205 (30-900)

9


15/49

10

C ontro l Syste m

TURBO TRO N IC C O N TRO LS

The Turbotronic control system is a highly inte-grated programmable logic controller (PLC) basedcontrol system with a video display terminal (VDT)and operator interface panel. The main elements of

the system are the PLC, input/output modules, VDT,relay backup system, control and monitoring soft-

ware, freestanding console, and the package sensingand control elements.

C O N TRO L OPERATIO N

The control system, operating on 24-Vdc power,

provides for automatic starting, acceleration to oper-ating speed, sequencing control, gas turbine and

driven compressor monitoring during operation, andnormal and malfunction shutdown.

During operation, the control system, by means ofautomatic warning and shutdown devices, protectsthe gas turbine and driven compressor from possible

damage resulting from hazards such as turbineoverspeed, high turbine temperature, low lubricating

oil pressure, and excessive oil temperature.The PLC performs control, sequencing and protec-

tion functions, as well as detection and annunciationof abnormal operating conditions. The PLC also con-trols start-up, operation, and shutdown sequences.

Control for these functions comes from signals themicroprocessor receives from solid-state devices,

control switches, speed probes, pressure and tem-perature transmitters, relays, and solid-state vibration

monitors. These components provide the PLC withthe data necessary to control and maintain gas turbinespeed and temperature at safe levels.

In the event of an abnormal condition or malfunc-tion, the control system indicates the nature of the

malfunction. When an alarm or shutdown is displayedon the VDT, a sequence of appropriate operations

begins in response to the detected condition. In theevent of a control system failure, the backup relay

system provides for a safe and orderly shutdown. Thebackup relays operate the lubricating oil system andother subsystems, as required, to avoid gas turbine

and driven compressor damage during shutdown.

C O N TRO L SYSTEM C O M PON ENTS

The control system is normally provided in a free-

standing, nonexplosionproof, front-access console.The console is designed for mounting in a nonhazard-

ous area. The gas turbine control panel, with all

necessary switches and indicators for gas turbineoperational status, is installed on the front of the

control console. All components within the consoleare factory interconnected and wired to terminal stripsto facilitate user connection to the turbomachinery

package and other equipment as necessary. Labelsand labeled user connections are in English, but can

be provided in other languages. The package param-eters displayed on the VDT can be in SI, Metric or

English units.Please refer to Solars publication BTT(1),

Turbotronic Systems, for additional information.

Controls and InstrumentationTypical gas turbine controls located on the face ofthe console include the following:

O pe ra t ion Switc he s.

Off/Local/Remote (control selector with lock-able positions)

Start

Normal Stop (shutdown with normal no-loadcooldown)

Emergency Stop (shutdown without cooldown)

Horn Silence, audible alarm

Acknowledge (alarms and shutdowns) Reset (alarms and shutdowns)

Lamp Test

Backup Reset

Speed Control (increase and decrease)

Manual Antisurge Valve (open/close) (withoptional surge control system)

Series/Parallel Select (with series/parallelcompressor)

Load Set Point Auto/Manual (with process

control option)

Test Crank

Gas Turbine Wash (with selected option)O pe ra t ion Indica t ion Ligh ts.

Local/Remote

Ready

Starting

Ready to Load

On Load

Backup Active


16/49

11

Typ ica l Turbotronic C ontrol Con sole

Typ ica l O pe ra t ion Sum m a ry D ispla y

Cooldown

Stopping

Alarm Summary

Shutdown Summary (lockout)

Local Video Display Termina l

The operator interface is a color video display termi-

nal, which allows the operator to address and monitormost vital parameters in the system. The followingdisplays and features are typical:

Operation Summary operating mode, statusand analog information

Temperature Summary

Vibration Summary (with vibration monitoringoption)

Meters display of all analog parameters

First-Out Alarms status display of first four

alarms/shutdowns

Alarms listing of alarms/shutdowns with timeand date stamp

Trigger Log when selected event occurs,stores data in RAM for later viewing

Discrete Event Log history of all discretechanges

Data Download saves selected range of data

for use in playback mode

Program Constants display and modification

of constant values (K-values)

System Manager display of system mainte-nance screens

Unit Valve Summary (when appropriate for

application)

1. CO2Release Button (a)2. Turbine Control Panel3. Video Display Terminal4. Numeric Key Pad

5. Function Keys 6. Unit Ready Indicator 7. Starting Indicator 8. Ready to Load Indicator 9. On Load Indicator10. Spare Indicator11. Local/Remote Operation Indicator12. Spare Indicator13. Cooldown Indicator14. Stopping Indicator15. Alarm Summary Indicator16. Shutdown Summary Indicator17. Backup Active Indicator18. Gas Select Indicator

19. Liquid Select Indicator

PA98022M

2

3

1

4

5

1448 mm

(57")

2286mm

90" 20. Open LP Surge Control Valve (b)

21. Close LP Surge Control Valve (b)22. Off/Local/Remote Switch23. Emergency Stop Button24. Open IP Surge Control Valve (b)25. Close IP Surge Control Valve (b)26. Open HP Surge Control Valve (b)27. Close HP Surge Control Valve (b)28. Horn Silence Switch29. Acknowledge Switch30. Reset Switch31. Lamp Test Switch32. Backup Reset Switch33. Normal Stop Switch34. Start Switch35. Auto/Manual Switch36. Speed Decrease Switch37. Speed Increase Switch

(see View A)

View A

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 17

18 19 20 2122 23

2425

35

27

28 29 30 31

3332

34

16

26

3736

NOTE: (a) Optional with fire detection system

(b) Optional with gas compressor surge control system

PA98024M/S


17/49

12

Typ i ca l G a s Turb i ne P ac ka ge A l a r m a nd S hutdow n I nd ica t ions

In d ic a tio n A la rm Sh u td o w n Sup p lie d w ith

Tu r b i n e Sy s te m s

Turbine Temperature (T5) High FSL Basic Set

Turbine Temperature (T5) High Delayed Shutdown X CSN Basic Set

Gas Generator and Power Turbine Thrust Bearing X FSL Thrust Bearing Temperature Monitoring Temperature High (Provided on Centaur 50 and Taurus 60.

Not available on Centaur 40.)

Ignition Failure FSN Basic Set

Power Turbine Overspeed FSN Basic Set

Power Turbine Backup Overspeed FSL Basic Set

Power Turbine Underspeed FSN Basic Set

Gas Turbine Flameout FSN Exhaust Heat Recovery Interface

Vibration High (Turbine Summary) X FSN Vibration Monitoring

Vibration High, Individual Channels X FSN Vibration Monitoring

Gas Generator Overspeed FSN Basic Set

T5T High X Basic Set

Lube Oil Drain Temperature High, No. 1 Bearing X Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring

Lube Oil Drain Temperature High, No. 2 & 3 Bearings X Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring

Lube Oil Drain Temperature High, No. 4 & 5 Bearings X Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring

NOx Concentration High X Predictive Emissions Monitoring

G e a rb o x Sy ste m s Gearbox Applications

Vibration High, Individual Channels X FSN Gearbox Vibration Monitoring

Lube Oil Drain Temperature High X CSN Gearbox Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring

Compressor Systems

Discharge Pressure High X CSN Basic Set

Discharge Temperature High X FSN Basic Set

Suction Pressure Low X CSN Basic Set

Compressor Surge FSL Surge Detection System

Yard Valve Sequence Failure FSL Basic Set

Thrust Bearing Temperature High X FSL Thrust Bearing Temperature Monitoring

Suction Journal Bearing Temperature High X FSL Journal Bearing Temperature Monitoring

Discharge Journal Bearing Temperature High X FSL Journal Bearing Temperature Monitoring

Suction Lube Oil Drain Temperature High X Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring

Discharge Lube Oil Drain Temperature High X Lube Oil Drain Temperature MonitoringSuction Bearing Vibration High, per Channel X FSN Vibration Monitoring

Discharge Bearing Vibration High, per Channel X FSN Vibration Monitoring

Contro l Systems

T1RTD Failure CSL Basic Set

Multiple T5TC Failure CSL Basic Set

T5Reference Junction RTD Failure CSL Basic Set

Vibration Monitor Failure X Basic Set

Power Turbine Breakaway Failure FSN Basic Set

Backup Overspeed Probe Open FSL Basic Set

Emergency Stop Manual FSL Basic Set

Low Battery Voltage X FSL Basic Set

High Battery Voltage X Basic Set

Battery Charger Failure X Control Battery System

PLC Monitoring FSL Basic Set

Atmospheric Pressure Transmitter Failure X Predictive Emissions Monitoring

Atmospheric Humidity Transmitter Failure X Predictive Emissions Monitoring

Surge Control Transmitter Failure CSN Solars Surge Control

Gas/PCD P Transmitter Failure FSL Basic Set

Lube Oil Header Temp RTD Failure CSL Basic Set

Fuel Primary Valve Output Module Failure FSL Basic Set

Fuel Secondary Valve Output Module Failure FSL Basic Set


18/49

13

Typ i ca l G a s Turb i ne P ac ka ge A l a rm a nd Shutdow n I nd i ca t ions, C o ntd

In d ic a tio n A la rm Sh u td o w n Sup p lie d w ith

Sta rt System

Fail to Crank FSN Basic Set

Fall to Start FSN Basic Set

Fue l System

Gas Fuel Start Flow High X FSN Basic Set

Gas Fuel Supply Pressure High X FSL Basic Set

Gas Fuel Supply Pressure Low X Basic Set

Gas Fuel Valve Fail FSN Basic Set

Lub ric a tion System

Lube Oil Tank Temperature Low FSN Basic Set

Lube Oil Header Temperature High X CSN Basic Set

Oil Pressure Low X FSL Basic Set

Prelube Oil Pressure Low FSN Basic Set

Oil Level Low X CSL Basic Set

Oil Level High X Lube Oil Auto-Fill System

Oil Filter P High X Basic Set

Lube Oil Tank Pressure High X CSN Lube Tank Ventilation

Backup Postlube Pressure Low FSL Backup Postlube Pump

Se a l System

Seal Gas Filter P High X Dry Seal

Seal Gas P Low X FSL Dry Seal

Seal Leakage Discharge High X FSL Dry Seal

Seal Leakage Suction High X FSL Dry Seal

Buffer Air P Low X CSN Dry Seal

Seal Oil P Low X FSL Oil Seal

Seal Oil Filter P High X Oil Seal

Seal Buffer Gas P High X Oil Seal

Seal Buffer Gas P Low X Oil Seal

Anc i ll ary System s

Inlet Air Filter P High X CSN Inlet Air Filter Air

Inlet Air Filter Blower Motor Failure X Inlet Air Filters with Scavenge FanEnclosure Ventilation Failure FSL Enclosure

Enclosure Temperature High X Enclosure Alarms

Enclosure Pressure Low X Pressurized Enclosure

Gas LEL High, Enclosure X FSL Gas Detection System

Gas Level Transducer Failure X Gas Detection System

Fire System Fault X Basic Set

Fire System Locked Out X Fire Protection System

Fire System Fire Detected FSL Fire Protection System

Fire System Discharged FSL Fire Protection System

Enclosure Vent Filter P High X Enclosure Vent Filter

Fuel Gas Filter P High X Requires External Input Signal

Evaporative Cooler System Failure X Inlet Evaporative Cooler

Exhaust Heat Recovery System Gas Turbine Start Inhibit X CSN Requires External Input Signal

Exhaust Heat Recovery System Malfunction X FSL Requires External Input Signal


19/49

14

Typ i ca l G a s Turb i ne P ac ka ge A l a rm a nd Shutdow n I nd i ca t ions, C o ntd

Ind ic a tio n A la rm Sh u td o w n Sup p lie d w ith

Externa l Proc e ss Syste m s

Gas Scrubber 1 Level High FSN Requires External Input Signal

Gas Scrubber 2 Level High FSN Requires External Input Signal

Gas Scrubber 3 Level High FSN Requires External Input SignalGas Scrubber 1 Level Low FSN Requires External Input Signal

Gas Scrubber 2 Level Low FSN Requires External Input Signal

Gas Scrubber 3 Level Low FSN Requires External Input Signal

Station Gas Cooler Discharge Temperature High FSN Requires External Input Signal

Gas Cooler 1 Discharge Temperature High FSN Requires External Input Signal



Station Gas Cooler Vibration High FSN Requires External Input Signal

Gas Cooler 1 Vibration High FSN Requires External Input Signal



CSL = Cooldown Stop Lockout, ini tiated by automatic shutdown

CSN = Cooldown Stop Nonlockout, initiated by automatic shutdown and Stop buttonFSL = Fast Stop Lockout, initiated by automatic shutdown and Emergency Stop button

FSN = Fast Stop Nonlockout, ini tiated by automatic shutdown

Cooldown: Driven equipment load is shed and unit is run at no-load for five minutes at idle speed before shutdown.

Fast Stop: Driven equipment load is shed and unit is shutdown immediately.

Lockout: System is reset from local gas turbine control panel only.

Nonlockout: System is reset from local gas turbine control panel or optional remote video display, optional serial link

interface or customer provided switch.

Data stored in memory (such as trigger log, datadownload and optional historical displays) can also beviewed using the Playback (Online and Off-line) Modes.

C O N TRO L SYSTEM O PTIO N S

Loc a l a nd Re mote V ide o D is p la yTermina l (Opt iona l )

In addition to the local display terminal describedabove, a remote VDT is supplied for display and

control of specific functions. The display provides allof the information available on the control console

VDT, but at a separate location. Screen displays can

be selected independent of the control console-mounted VDT and include the ability to start, normal

stop, acknowledge, reset and control package speed/load set point.

The remote VDT and control operate over a user-supplied RS232C serial link connected to the local gas

turbine control console and can be connected up to 15m (50 ft). For longer distances, boosters, converters,modems, telemetry, or common carrier approaches

may be used.

Gas Turbine Compressor CleaningSystems, On-Crank and On-l ine( O p t i o n a l )

Two separate compressor cleaning systems are avail-

able. These systems are designed for washing thecontaminating deposits of dust, salt, oil or otherimpurities which may collect on the gas turbine com-

pressor blades and degrade gas turbine performance.Both systems include a distribution manifold with

spray nozzles and associated onskid piping andsolenoid-operated shutoff valves. With the on-crank

system, the gas turbine is operated at the maximum

speed attainable from the start system, with fuel andignition systems deactivated. The on-line cleaning

system is operable between 90% and 100% gasgenerator speed, with or without load on the driven

equipment. The on-line system is available as asupplement to the on-crank system and does not

replace the requirement for periodic on-crank deter-gent or fluid cleaning (depending on site-specificcontamination). Gas turbine cranking is initiated from

the onskid gauge panel or the control console operator


20/49

15

interface panel and water/cleaning solution flow isactivated from the operator interface panel.

Vibrat ion M oni tor ing System s (Op t iona l)

This system consists of a Bently Nevada Model 2201

vibration monitoring system designed specifically tooperate within and interface directly with theTurbotronicPLC. As an integral part of the monitoring system, the

PLC is used to configure the 2201 system whichcommunicates monitoring status back to the PLC.

The reading of current values, processing of alarmsignals, and system configuration are some of the

functions performed by the PLC. The 2201 systemmonitor and associated channel monitors plug into the

Turbotronic chassis and receive input power fromthe PLC. User interface with the monitor is providedvia the PLC video display terminal (VDT). The system

monitor communicates with the PLC as an intelligentI/O module employing block transfer for configuration

and transferring data to the PLC. Some alarm statusinformation is accomplished via discrete data trans-

fer. All data available to the PLC are also available viaserial link for user remote monitoring, diagnostics andtrending.

Several different package vibration monitoringconfigurations are available to provide vibration indi-

cation and protection through preset warning indica-tion and shutdown initiation in the event of unacceptable

vibration levels in the gas turbine, gearbox and com-pressor. Vibration level, alarm and shutdown indica-tions are displayed on the control system video

display terminal. The available configurations provide

a varying degree of protection and transducer types.Gas turbine vibration monitoring is available withvelocity transducers mounted on the gas turbine

diffuser case and the power turbine case, or singleproximity probes at each of the five gas turbinebearings, or two proximity probes placed 90 degrees

apart at each gas turbine bearing. In addition, bothtypes of transducers may be employed using the

velocity transducers for package alarm and protectionand the proximity probes for gas turbine diagnostics.

Gearbox vibration monitoring is also available us-ing either accelerometers, single proximity probes ordual proximity probes at the input and output shaft

bearings. The vibration monitoring system will alsoaccommodate as many channels as are required from

velocity, accelerometer or proximity probe inputs tosupport the compressor vibration monitoring and pro-

tection requirements.A power turbine keyphasor is also available for

use with the dual proximity probe configuration to

provide additional vibration diagnostic capability withthe use of externally applied diagnostic equipment.

The following table provides a summary of theavailable configurations:

Ava i la ble V ibrat ion M oni tor ing C onf igura t ions

Q ua ntity Ty p e Lo c a tio n

G a s Turbine

2 Velocity Gas Turbine Diffuser/

Power Turbine Case

5 Proximity 1Y each Bearing

(Not available on Centaur 40.)

10 Proximity 1X and 1Y each Bearing

(Not available on Centaur 40.)

G e a r b o x

2 Accelerometer Gearbox Case

2 Proximity 1Y each Input and Output Shaft

Radial Bearing

4 Proximity 1X and 1Y each Input and Output

Shaft Radial Bearing

C o m p r e s s o r sAs Required X and Y proximity probes, keyphasors, and bearing

temperature sensors

G a s Turbine Thrust Be a ring Te m p e ra tureMoni tor ing (Opt iona l Not ava i lable onC e n t a u r 40)

The gas turbine thrust bearing temperature monitoringsystem provides temperature indication and protec-

tion through preset warning indication and shutdowninitiation in the event of unacceptable gas turbine

thrust bearing temperature. The system monitorsRTDs at both the gas generator and power turbinethrust bearings. Temperature level, alarm and shut-

down indications are displayed on the control systemvideo display terminal.

Lube Oil Drain Temperature Monitoring( O p t i o n a l )

Lube oil drain temperature monitoring system optionsare available to provide temperature indication and

preset warning in the event of unacceptable lube oildrain temperature. Options are available for monitor-

ing RTDs located in the gas turbine, gearbox, andcompressor lube oil drain lines. Temperature level andalarm indications are displayed on the control system

video display terminal.

G a s Turbine Performa nc e M a p Display(Optional)

The gas turbine performance map displays real-

time gas turbine performance corrected to standardconditions. The performance map is essentially


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16

for reference and is used to monitor trends in gasturbine performance, not to verify absolute gas tur-

bine performance levels. The system includes instru-mentation to measure flow of the fuel to the gasturbine and requires certain static and dynamic inputs

from the driven equipment. (See Gas Compressor

Performance Map Display.) For gas fuel flow mea-surement, an orificed metering run is provided foroffskid field installation. The metering run includes

an upstream pressure transmitter, an orifice delta Ptransmitter and thermowell with RTD. For liquidfuel flow measurement, an onskid rotary transducer

is provided.

Historic a l Disp lay s (O p tion a l)

The following maintenance and diagnostic programsare available to assist in routine monitoring of the gas

turbine condition, as well as to make informed pre-dictions of the future health of the unit. The historical

display option includes running time display, elapsedtime display and predictive trend monitoring as de-

scribed below:

Running Time Disp lay . The running time display

feature provides a four-channel strip chart recorderformat displayed on the video display terminal. Itprovides simultaneous plots of multiple, operator-

selected analog variables in real time of four select-able variables at selected time scales. Each plot is

scaled for the selected variable and displays thenumerical value of the raw data for each variable for

actual running time only. Data are compressed after aperiod of time by averaging groups of data points so

successively longer-term data are stored. Data arestored only while the gas turbine is running so thattrends relate to only operational data. Any four param-

eters may be displayed at one time. Data to be plottedare chosen from an array of gas turbine and compres-

sor parameters, including lube temperature, gas tur-bine temperature, gas turbine pressures, gas turbine

vibration, air inlet system, and gas compressor data.

Elapsed Time Display. The elapsed time displayfeature is used for plotting and determining trends in

gas turbine or gas compressor data. Selected analogvariables are stored on disk whether or not the unit is

in operation, providing a continuous data file of allstored analog parameters. Data are saved at predeter-

mined intervals and can be retrieved for analysis.Typically, data are stored at hourly intervals withapproximately one month of data per disk.

Pre d ictive Tre nd M on itoring .The predictive trendmonitoring feature analyzes the running time his-

torical data base and approximates the futureanalog signal trends. Deteriorating trends result

in a display that has the trend line intersecting a

predetermined alarm and shutdown level at a definedfuture time.

Printer / Log g e r (O p t iona l)

The data logging and print system provides event

logger, standard report form and screen print func-

tions. The system consists of the control software anda table-top 80/160-column dot-matrix printer, avail-able in 120 or 240 Vac, single phase, 50/60 Hz and a

7.6-m (25-ft) interconnect cable. For multiple unitapplications, the control software can be configuredfor a dedicated printer for each unit or one printer for

several units.

The following functions are provided:

Status Print current value of analog and statusof discrete variables. Menu selectable and auto-

matically generated on shutdown event followedby first-out alarm print.

Alarm Logging prints alarm with time anddate stamp.

Daily Log last 24 hours of elapsed time data.

Print Screen prints current screen.

Historical Files prints data from all histori-cal files.

Pre d ictive Em issions M o nito ring Syste m( O p t i o n a l )

The predictive emissions monitoring system (PEMS)predicts NOx (oxides of nitrogen) emissions concen-

tration and flow in the gas turbine exhaust. The

system does not measure or predict CO (carbonmonoxide) or UHC (unburned hydrocarbons) emis-sions. The predictions are based on gas turbine

measured T1and T5temperature and gas turbine inletair pressure and relative humidity. The calculationsare done once per minute. The concentration predic-

tions are averaged to provide hourly averages. Theflow predictions are totalized to provide hourly, daily,

monthly and annual totals. The results are displayedon the video display terminal. A daily report is logged

on a printer, listing the average concentration and flowfor each of the 24 hours of the previous day. (Theprinter/logger option must be provided with this op-

tion.) The system absolute pressure transducer ismounted on the turbomachinery package. The sys-

tem printer and humidity transmitter are shipped loosefor installation by the purchaser.

Sup e rvisory Interfa c e Se rial Link( O p t i o n a l )

The following serial interface options provide a setof analog and discrete data from the Turbotronic

control system. Includes definition of the PLC com-


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17

munication interface data structure to facilitate userdevelopment of the supervisory side of the interface.

The user may:

1. Request the standard message from the PLC

2. Read specific memory locations

3. Send supervisory control signalsThe standard message provides the same data

used by the display system, including all input ana-

logs, a number of computed values, status indicationsand all active alarms and shutdowns.

Typical data include:

Gas compressor status

Gas generator turbine speed

Power turbine speed

Turbine T5temperature

Lube oil header pressure

Lube oil temperature

Ambient temperature

All alarms and shutdowns

All panel light status

Supervisory control signals include:

Start

Stop

Acknowledge/Reset

Remote Speed/Load Set Point

The available options are:

Re m ote RS232C / 422 (DF1) . (Optional) A table-top-

mounted interface module is provided whichconnects to the control system via the Data Highway

Plus network. The module can be located up to3048 m (10,000 ft) from the control system. The serial

link uses the DF1 protocol. The module is connectedto the users device through an RS232C serial portfor applications located within 15 m (50 ft) or an RS422

serial port for applications located within 1219 m(4000 ft). The module requires a 120-Vac, 50/60-Hz

power supply.

Loc a l RS232C (DF1). (Optional) A console PLC rack-mounted interface module is provided which connectsto the control system via the Data Highway Plus

network. The serial link uses the DF1 protocol. Themodule is connected to the users device through an

RS232C serial port for applications located within15 m (50 ft).

Loc a l RS232C , Mo db us.(Optional) A console PLCrack-mounted interface module is provided which

connects to the control system through the PLCbackplane. The serial link uses a subset of the remote

terminal unit (RTU) version of the Modbus protocol.The module acts as a Modbus slave device to com-

municate with the users Modbus master device. Themodule is connected to the users device through anRS232C serial link for applications within 15 m (50 ft)

and an RS422 for applications within 1219 m (4000 ft).

Distances greater than this may require boosters,converters, telemetry or common carrier approaches.

Spare Inputs and Outputs (Opt iona l )

Options are available for an additional 10%, 15% or

20% spare input/output analog/discrete channels forcustomer use. Does not include any signal condition-

ing or programming.

Externa l Proc e ss M a lfunc tion O ve rrid e( O p t i o n a l )

This system provides a temporary bypass of speci-fied user and package-related shutdowns. Shutdowns

related to the protection of the gas turbine, gearbox ifapplicable, and gas compressor are excluded. Up to

24 preselected shutdown malfunctions can be by-passed for a limited time for the purpose of testing thefunctionality of the sensing equipment. The bypass is

activated by the operator at a specific user inter-face screen.

PLC Field Programming (Optional)

This feature allows the user, through predefined secu-rity access, to change the programming of control

sequence, logic and values within the microproces-sor. Includes programming software, interface card,

and instruction manual. A laptop computer for inter-face to the microprocessor may also be provided.

Heat Recovery Appl icat ion Interfacea nd/ or Contro l (O p tiona l)

This option provides the gas turbine control systemmodifications necessary to provide an interface be-

tween the gas turbine control system and the heatrecovery control system. The modifications can in-

clude provisions to receive a start permissive signalfrom the heat recovery controls, to have an extendedstart cycle designed to purge the exhaust bypass, to

have a gas turbine flameout protection system, to

receive a malfunction shutdown signal from the heatrecovery controls, and to send a malfunction shut-down signal to the heat recovery control in the event

of a gas turbine shutdown. In addition, the heatrecovery control may use the gas turbine Ready toLoad signals as an indicator to begin operation. Also

available is an expanded control scope to providecontrol of the diverter valve only or to provide the

entire heat recovery device controls. The controls


23/49

18

interface is limited to heat recovery applicationswhere the gas or dual fuel gas turbine package is

operating in conjunction with one heat recovery sys-tem with a diverter valve and without supplementalduct burning. The complete heat recovery control

option may accommodate more complex heat recov-

ery systems.

G AS C O M PRESSO R C O NTRO LS AN DMO NITO RING

Process Control (Opt iona l )

The process control options provide for unit controlbased on the gas compressor suction pressure, dis-

charge pressure, flow or combinations of these pa-rameters. Local and remote set-point adjustment is

included. An on-screen mimic diagram of the processcan also be provided. The necessary transmitters areprovided by Solar.

Disc ha rg e a nd Suc tion Pre ssureShutdown Swi tch (Opt iona l )

The basic package may be supplied with gas com-pressor suction and discharge pressure transmitters

and associated control system logic to provide forindication, warning alarm, and unit shutdown when the

discharge pressure exceeds a preset value. Thisoption is to provide a pressure switch for the shutdown

function in lieu of the transmitter signal. The transmit-ter is still used for warning alarm and indication, butthe shutdown function is controlled by the indepen-

dent pressure switch.

Gas Compressor Antisurge ControlSy s te m (O pt iona l )

Surge at a given gas compressor speed is caused byexcessive head across the gas compressor (isen-tropic head) for a given suction flow rate. Therefore,

surge in the gas compressor may be controlled bydecreasing the head across the gas compressor and/

or by increasing the flow rate of the gas to the suctionside of the gas compressor.

The antisurge control system prevents surge bymodulating a surge control (bypass) valve to lowerhead and increase suction flow. A typical system

consists of pressure and temperature transmitters onthe gas compressor suction and discharge lines,

a flow differential pressure transmitter across thesuction flow meter, an algorithm in the control sys-

tem, and a surge control valve with correspondingaccessories to keep the gas compressor from goinginto surge.

Typical system scope includes the following:

Engineering to determine the optimum control

algorithms

PLC software programmed and tested for the

selected gas compressor staging

Engineering to specify the antisurge controlvalve and accessories, including valve perfor-

mance evaluation over the gas compressorperformance map at varying valve positions

Engineering to specify the flow meter typeand size

Evaluation of user piping and instrumenta-tion diagram

Documentation, including all surge control cal-culations and program constants

Gas compressor flow versus differential pres-sure control with suction pressure and tempera-

ture compensation Automatic override of manual control mode

Speed set-point decoupling

Surge detection with step valve opening

On-screen, real-time graphic displays

On-screen, real-time control parameter setting

All surge control parameters are available forremote monitoring via serial link.

Suction flow transmitter shipped separately forinstallation by purchaser

Suction pressure transmitter shipped sepa-

rately for installation by purchaser Discharge pressure transmitter shipped sepa-

rately for installation by purchaser

The following components and information arerequired from the purchaser in order to facil itate the

surge control system design and onsite operation:

Expected gas compressor operating condition

range for suction pressure (P1), suction tem-perature (T1), discharge pressure (P2), flow and

gas specific gravity

Flow meter specification sheet

Purchaser piping and instrumentation diagramincluding suction and recycle pipe size and

schedule

Antisurge control (recycle) valve and specifica-tion sheet, unless included in Solars scope

Suction gas temperature signal (100-ohm plati-num RTD preferred)


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19

Gas Compressor Surge Detect ionSy s te m (O pt iona l )

For applications without an antisurge control systemsupplied by Solar, a gas compressor surge detectionsystem is recommended. The system detects gas

compressor discharge pressure pulsations and ini-

tiates a gas turbine shutdown if pulsations exceed apreset value within a predetermined time period.

Antisurge Recycle Va lve (Opt iona l )

A wide variety of antisurge valves are available tofacilitate the antisurge control system operation.

Valves are available in 51, 76, 102, 152, 203, 254, and305 mm (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 in.) sizes from two

different valve manufacturers.

High Discharge Temperature ShutdownSwitch (Opt iona l )

The basic package may be supplied with a gas

compressor discharge temperature RTD and associ-ated control system logic to provide for indication,

warning alarm, and unit shutdown when the dischargetemperature exceeds a preset value. This option isto provide a temperature switch for the shutdown

function in lieu of the RTD signal. The RTD is still usedfor warning alarm and indication, but the shutdown

function is controlled by the independent tempera-ture switch.

Gas Compressor Journal BearingTe m pe ra ture M oni tor ing (O pt iona l)

The gas compressor journal bearing temperature moni-

toring system provides temperature indication andprotection through preset warning indication and shut-down initiation in the event of unacceptable journal

bearing temperature. The system monitors eitherthermocouples or RTDs, depending on the type ofsignal provided by the gas compressor, with as many

channels as required by the gas compressor configu-ration. Temperature level, alarm and shutdown indica-

tions are displayed on the control system videodisplay terminal.

G a s C om p re ssor Thrust Be a ringTe m pe ra ture M oni tor ing (O pt iona l)

The gas compressor thrust bearing temperature moni-toring system provides temperature indication and

protection through preset warning indication and shut-down initiation in the event of unacceptable thrustbearing temperature. The system monitors either

thermocouples or RTDs, depending on the type ofsignal provided by the gas compressor, with as

many channels as required by the gas compressorconfiguration. Temperature level, alarm and shutdown

indications are displayed on the control system videodisplay terminal.

G a s Compre s s or Pe r forma nc e Ma pDis p la y (O pt iona l )

This feature provides for the display of a real-time gas

compressor nominal head-versus-cfm performancemap and shows the position of the actual operatingpoint. The primary sensing elements are not included.

The accuracy of the map is commensurate with theaccuracy of the sensing instrumentation. Gas com-pressor performance checkpoint data must be sub-

mitted to Solar in a specific format. Gas compressormaps are limited to one gas composition. Side streams,

changing gas composition or other factors which canchange gas compressor performance characteristics

must be reviewed to confirm compatibility with thesoftware program. The gas turbine performance mapdisplay option, described previously, requires this

feature.

C O N TRO L SYSTEM A C C ESSO RIES

C ontrol Ba tte ry / C ha rge r System( O p t i o n a l )

The control battery/charger system supplies the nec-

essary 24-Vdc power for the operation of the gasturbine control system. The 135-ampere-hour lead

acid, 150-ampere-hour lead calcium, or 102-ampere-hour nickel cadmium batteries and integrated 50-

ampere charger are mounted in a nonhazardous,freestanding, weatherproof National Electrical Manu-

facturers Association (NEMA) 3R cabinet. The chargeris available with 240/480-Vac, 208/220/230-Vacand 120/240-Vac, 50 or 60-Hz, single-phase inputs.

Typ i ca l Ba tt e ry a nd C ha rge r C a b i ne t

PA98026M

787 mm(2' 7")

BAFFLE

1003 mm(3' 3-1/2")

927 mm(3' 1/2")

FRONT AND REAR KICKPLATEFOR WIRING CONNECTIONS

1219mm

(4')

673 mm(2' 2-1/2")

BATTERYCOMPARTMENTWITH RACKS

BATTERYCHARGER

CONTROLPANEL(inside door)

DOOR


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20

Lead acid batteries are shipped dry; the electrolyte isnot included.

Control and DC Lube Pump Battery /Charger System (Opt iona l )

This battery/charger system supplies the necessary

24-Vdc power for the operation of the gas turbine

control system and dc postlube backup pump. The250-ampere-hour lead calcium or 184-ampere-hour

nickel cadmium batteries and integrated 50-amperecharger are mounted in a nonhazardous, freestand-ing, weatherproof NEMA 3R cabinet. The charger is

available with 240/480-Vac, 208/220/230-Vac

and 120/240-Vac, 50 or 60-Hz, single-phase inputs.


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Sta rt Syste m s

Typ ica l Pneum a tic Start Syste m

PNEUM A TIC STA RT SYSTEM

The pneumatic start system is especially suited forgas turbine starting requirements and can use eithergas or compressed air as a power source. Compo-

nents of the standard system included with the pack-age are a strainer, shutoff valve, starter motors, and

associated stainless steel piping and manifolds.The turbine starter motors are mounted on the

forward side of the accessory gear housing andtransmit starting power to the gas turbine via acommon overrunning clutch and shaft. When the gas

generator reaches starter dropout speed, the startermotors shut down and the clutch overruns.

DIREC T- DRIV E A C STA RT SYSTEM

The direct-drive ac (DAC) start system consists of asquirrel cage, three-phase, ac induction motor with a

solid-state variable frequency drive (VFD). The startmotor is mounted directly on the gas turbine acces-

sory drive gearbox. Starting power is transmitted to

the gas turbine via the accessory drive gearbox and

overrunning clutch and shaft assembly.The VFD requires a supply of three-phase, 380-

to-575 volt, 50/60-Hz ac power. The VFD regulatesthe voltage and frequency to the start motor as

required to initiate gas turbine rotation, accelerate topurge speed, and then accelerate to ignition and

starter dropout speed as commanded by theTurbotroniccontrol system.

The VFD cabinet is shipped separately for installa-tion in an appropriate nonhazardous location andprovides for direct across-the-line starting control of

the motor. The typical maximum symmetrical faultcurrent capacity of the VFD is 25,000 amps. Feeder

circuits exceeding this limit require the use of anisolation transformer, line reactor or other means

of adding similar impedance to limit fault current.Electric disconnects and overcurrent protection de-vices are normally provided by others. The power

cable run from the VFD to the start motor should notexceed 183 m (600 ft).

PA98027M

TOTURBINE

AIR/GASSUPPLY

TOTURBINE

PILOTAIR/GASSUPPLY

SHUTOFFVALVE

STRAINER

SKIDEDGE

V

G

G

G

V

V

V

G

LEGEND

Air/Gas

Vent STARTERMOTOR

STARTERMOTOR


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Typ ica l Direc t-Drive AC Start Syste m

Typ i ca l V a r ia b l e Freq uenc y D rive C a b i ne t

PA98029M

VARIABLEFREQUENCYDRIVE

ACMOTOR

ADAPTER HUBCOUPLING/CLUTCHASSEMBLY

GASTURBINE

CUSTOMERAC INPUT

SKIDEDGE

PA98030M

421 mm (1' 4-1/2")

Depth - 322 mm (1' 5/8")Weight - 70 kg (154 lb)

880mm(

2'10-5/8

")


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Fue l Syste m

N A TURAL G A S FUEL SYSTEM

The fuel system, in conjunction with the electriccontrol system, includes all necessary components

to control fuel at the proper schedule during start andto modulate fuel flow during operation. The system

also provides temperature topping control of fuel flowduring start-up, acceleration and operation.

The system requires a natural gas supply that

conforms to Solars specification ES 9-98. The gasshould have a lower heating value (LHV) of 31 496 to

39 370 kJ/nm3(800 to 1000 Btu/scf) and should befree of sulfur, contaminants, entrained water, and

liquid hydrocarbons.The natural gas fuel system includes:

Pilot-operated primary fuel shutoff valve

Pilot-operated secondary fuel shutoff valve

Natural gas electric fuel control valve

10-micron pilot gas filter

Gas fuel pressure gauge

Fuel injector assemblies

Valve check pressure switch

High gas fuel pressure shutdown switch

Gas strainer (loose shipped for field installation)

Torch ignitor

Drain valves

Vent valveC o m p o n e n t O p e r a t i o n

Fuel gas supply pressure required at the unit skidmust meet minimum pressure requirements or the low

pressure switch disables unit operation.The primary fuel shutoff valve is a pneumatically

operated, spring-closed ball valve. Pilot gas pressureis admitted and exhausted from the operator via an in-

tegral solenoid valve. Removal of pilot gas or electricpower will allow the springs to close the main valve.

The secondary (backup) fuel shutoff valve is pilot

gas operated by dual three-way solenoid valves.

When energized, these solenoid valves admit pilotpressure to the valve-opening operator and exhaustpressure from the valve-closing operator, causing the

main spool to shift to the open position. Whendeenergized, these solenoid valves vent the openingoperator and supply pilot pressure in the closing

direction to close the secondary shutoff valve.

During the unit start sequence, prior to ignition, the

primary and secondary fuel shutoff valves are bothoperated to verify proper operation. This fuel valve

check sequence is verified by the valve-check pres-sure switch located between the two valves.

Solar has developed an electric fuel control valvewhich replaces the pressure regulator/gas loader,throttle valve, and associated electrohydraulic actua-

tor. This system has improved light-off reliability andenhanced performance flexibility to meet the demand-

ing requirements of SoLoNOxgas turbine configura-tions and has allowed easier adjustments of fuel flow

schedules for steady-state and transient conditions.The electrically controlled valve is composed of a

balanced poppet valve actuated by a proportionalsolenoid-operated device mounted directly on thevalve. All components, including the electronics, are

packaged in a compact, lightweight housing con-structed of either aluminum or stainless steel. Internal

metering components are stainless steel. The valveassembly can operate in ambient and gas temper-atures of 93C (200F). Control and actuation power

required is 24 Vdc and less than 65 watts. The valveposition is controlled by a 4-to-20 mA signal and the

valve provides a 4-to-20 mA feedback signal via anintegrated linear variable differential transformer

(LVDT). The valve is certified to Canadian StandardsAssociation (CSA) and NFPA/NEC Class I, Group D,Division 1, as well as IEC Zone 1. A differential pres-

sure transmitter is included to measure the differentialpressure across the injectors in order to properly

schedule fuel flow during gas turbine light-off andacceleration.

The fuel is distributed to the combustor via a fuelgas manifold and fuel injectors.

SO LO N O x C O M BU STI O N

SoLoNOxcombustion systems use special fuel injec-

tors, each with main and pilot fuel ports. The ratio of

fuel injected through these ports is controlled duringstarting and operation to maintain a stable combustorflame while minimizing the formation of NOx and CO

emissions. Combustion airflows, which affect theemissions levels, are also regulated within allowablelimits using variable guide vanes and a bleed valve on

the axial air compressor.


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Typ ica l Na tura l G a s Fue l Syste m

PA98031M/S

ELECTRICCONTROL SIGNALFROM PROCESSCONTROL SYSTEM

EXHAUST

BLEEDVALVE

COMBUSTOR

LEGEND:

= Main Fuel Path

= Air

= Drain

= Electrical

= Gas Fuel

= Oil

= Vent

PACKAGE DRAINCONNECTION

COMBUSTORDRAINVALVES

GUIDE VANEACTUATOR

TORCH

COMPRESSORVARIABLEGUIDEVANES

AIRINTAKE

INJECTORS

PRESSURECONTROL VALVE

COMPRESSORDISCHARGEPRESSUREGAUGE

BLOCK ANDBLEED VALVE

PRESSURETRANSMITTER

PRESSURESWITCH

GAS FUEL CONTROLVALVE/ACTUATOR

GAS

MANIFOLD

TORCHSHUTOFF

VALVE

PILOT GAS SUPPLY TOPNEUMATIC START SYSTEM

AND PRE/POST LUBE PUMP

ORIFICE

FILTER

PRESSURECONTROLVALVE

PILOTPRIMARYSHUTOFFVALVE

PILOTSECONDARYSHUTOFFVALVE

PRIMARYSHUTOFFVALVE SECONDARY

SHUTOFFVALVE

VALVE CHECKPRESSURESWITCH

GAS VENTVALVE

VENTPRESSURETRANSMITTER

BLOCKAND BLEEDVALVE

GAS FUELPRESSUREGAUGE

STRAINER

SKIDEDGE

GAS FUELSUPPLY

A

D

E

G

O

PILOT GASRELIEF VALVE

V

CHECKVALVE

E

E


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25

Lub ric a tion Syste m

BASIC LUBRIC A TIO N SYSTEM

The lube oil system is a complete system suitable foroperation with lube oil conforming to Solars specifica-

tion ES 9-224. The system, which circulates oil underpressure to the various working parts of the gas

turbine and driven equipment, is supplied from thelube oil tank located in the steel base frame. Proper oiltemperatures are maintained by thermostatic oil con-

trol valves and an optional oil cooler.

The lubrication system incorporates the following

components:

Oil tank

Gas turbine-driven primary pump

Motor-driven pre/post pumps

Duplex oil filters with replaceable five-micronelements

Offskid oil cooler (optional)

Oil level, pressure and temperature gauges

Oil pressure transducers

Pressure and temperature regulators

Strainers

The filters are supplied with a six-way transfervalve, a differential pressure gauge, and differential

pressure alarm.The system includes all piping and manifoldsinternal to the skid. The interconnect piping between

the skid edge and the remote mounted oil cooler(optional) is not supplied as part of this system unless

the cooler is provided as part of an enclosure roof-mounted ancillary skid (optional).

When unit start-up is initiated, oil is delivered to thegas turbine bearings by the pre/post lube oil pump fora predetermined period of time. As the gas turbine

accelerates, the pre/post oil pump is shut down and alllube oil is supplied by the gas turbine-driven main

pump. When the unit starts during cold ambient

conditions, oil bypasses the cooler through a tempera-ture control valve in the system control module.

Pre / Post Lub e O il Syste m .A pre/post lube oil pump

supplies oil prior to package start-up and postlubecooling after shutdown. The pump is a rotary, positive-

displacement-type driven by an ac elect

Documents

Centaur 40,Centaur 50 and Taurus 60 Solar Turbine