CELLULAR RESPIRATIONChemical Pathways

Chapter 7-1

http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg

___________ use energy from sunlight or chemicals to make their own food

AUTOTROPHShttp://www.inclusive.co.uk/downloads/images/pics2/tree.gif

In the last chapter green plants used ________________ totrap energy from __________ and make ______________

sunlightfood (glucose)

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

http://206.173.89.42/REALTYWITHALOHA_COM/piphoto/funny%20sun%20with%20sunglasses.gif

In this chapter, we will learn how this glucose is ____________ by organisms and the _______ is stored as _______ in a process called___________________

What kind of organisms do this?

energybroken down

ATP

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

________(Including _______)

ALL LIVING THINGS NEED ENERGY!

What kind of organisms do this?

plants fungi bacteria__________________ animalshumans

We get the energy the plants stored as glucose by _____________ directly or eating the _________ that ate the plants.

How do we get the sugar from the plants?

 Image from: http://ag.ansc.purdue.edu/sheep/ansc442/Semprojs/2003/spiderlamb/eatsheep.gif http://www.cibike.org/Eating.htm

REMEMBER!

_______________ get their energy by eating other organisms.

HETEROTROPHS

eating plantsanimals

REMEMBER CELL BIO

Area with gel-like materialinside cell membranesurrounding mitochondria= ______________________

Power plant of cellthat burns glucoseand stores the energyas ATP= _______________mitochondria

CYTOPLASM

Image from: http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/cytoplasm.html

http://www.clickatutor.com/mitochondria.jpg

MITOCHONDRIA = cell power plantSurrounded by ___________ membrane

Outer membrane & Inner membrane (called

_______________ )

Space between inner membrane & outer membrane

= ____________________

Space inside cristae folds

= _________________

CYTOPLASM surrounds mitochondria

INTERMEMBRANE SPACE

DOUBLE

MATRIX

CRISTAE

All organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs)use the _____________ tocharge up their _______

 Image from: http://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html

energy in foodATP

This process of releasing the energy from FOOD (glucose) to make _____ = ________________

  Image by Riedell Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpe

ATPCELLULAR RESPIRATION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION happens __________ in ________________.

If all the energy was released in one step… most would be lost as ____________________!

 http://plato.acadiau.ca/COURSES/comm/g5/Fire_Animation.gif

slowly many steps

light and heat

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

___________ + _________ + ___________ →_______________ + __________6 CO2 6 H2O C6H12O6 6O2

_____________ + _________ →________ + __________ + __________

______________________________________________________________

CELLULAR RESPIRATIONC6H12O6 6O2

6 CO2 6 H2O

The two equations are exact opposites!

UNITS FOR MEASURING HEAT ENERGY

Amount of heat it takes to raise 1 gram of water 1◦ Celsius = _______________

Unit for measuring energy in food

= _______________

1 Calorie = _________ calories

Calorie

calorie

1000

http://www.raytechcatalog.com/images/products/mainstay_food_3600_nutrition.gif

http://hesperia.gsfc.nasa.gov/sftheory/images/boilingif

See glycolysis movie

The first step in cellular respiration = __________________

Glycolysis happens inthe ________________outside the mitochondria

GLYCOLYSIS

CYTOPLASM

Glycolysis (GLYKOS = ________ LYSIS= ___________ )

Glycolysis ____________________________BUT it needs some ____________to get it started.

What molecule do you think is going tosupply the energy do this?

split apart

DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN

ATP

sweet

ENERGY

________

↓___________ → → _____________

↓

____________________ + _______________

GLUCOSE

2 PYRUVIC ACID

PUT IN ________ and GET BACK __________ Net gain of ________ and __________

2 ATP’s 4 ATP’s

GLYCOLYSIS

2 ATP’s 2 NADH

ATP ATP ATP ATP NADH NADH

PYRUVIC ACID MOVES TO NEXT STEP

IF THERE IS NO OXYGEN (______________)

IF THERE IS OXYGEN (_____________)

= ANAEROBIC

= AEROBIC

PYRUVIC ACID ___________ OXYGEN

2 kinds of fermentation

___________________ & _____________________

ANAEROBIC

Alcoholic Lactic acid

WITHOUT

_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION

PYRUVIC ACID

ALCOHOL

Happens when yeast makes bread dough riseCO2 bubbles make _____________ in bread

Alcohol _______________ during cooking

CO2 NAD+

http://www.deliciousdelicious.com/archives/herb%20bread%201.jpg

air spaces

evaporates

_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION

PYRUVIC ACID

ALCOHOL

Happens when___________ make _______

or

____________ make ______

CO2 NAD+

http://www.firstpath.com/images/alcohol.jpg

yeast beer

bacteria wine

_______ +_____ →______________ + ________

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

PYRUVIC ACID

LACTIC ACID

Happens in _____________ during ____________when body can’t get oxygen to tissues fast enough.

Lactic acid builds up in muscles causing soreness

NAD+

http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg

exercise

muscles

_______ +_____ →______________ + ________

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

PYRUVIC ACID

LACTIC ACID

Happens when bacteria are used to make __________and ____________ like: Yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut, pickles, cheesesour cream, & kimchi

NAD+

http://chronicle.augusta.com/images/headlines/032200/DANNON_YOGURT.jpghttp://www.reillydairy.com/natural_cheese.html

foodbeverages

WITHOUT OXYGEN, PYRUVIC ACID ___________ and all the _______ carriers get full.

Eventually glycolysis will

WHY DO FERMENTATION?WHY NOT JUST KEEP MAKING ATP USING GLYCOLYSIS?

builds up

NAD+

NAD+

_______ +_____ →__________ + ______ + _____

FERMENTATION HAPPENS so cells can ____________________ needed to keep glycolysis going

PYRUVIC ACID

ALCOHOL

→

CO2 NAD+

REGENERATE the NAD+

LACTIC ACID NAD+

→

You get the NAD+ carriers back

______

Flooded Corn Field

plants need ______________________ too. If plants seeds are under water 3 days or more, the seeds will die. If a plants roots are under water for 3 days or more, the plants will die.

By:http://skyways.lib.ks.us/towns/ElkCity/2007flood.html

Plants do

____________

but

photosynthesis

oxygen for cellular respiration

SOUTH DAKOTA SCIENCE STANDARDSChapter 9 – Cellular Respiration:

The students will be able to• describe the process of cellular respiration (9-12.L.1.1)• identify the components of glycolysis (9-12.L.1.1)• compare the processes of alcoholic and pyruvic acid

fermentations (9-12.L.1.1)• analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes

involved in the Krebs Cycle (9-12.L.1.1)• explain the mitochondrial role in the ATP-ADP cycle

(9-12.L.1.1)• Assess the role of enzymes in plant reactions (LAB)

SOUTH DAKOTA CORE SCIENCE STANDARDS

9-12.L.1.1. Students are able to relate cellular functions and processes to specialized structures within cells.

• Photosynthesis and respirationATP-ADP energy cycle Role of enzymesMitochondriaChloroplasts

LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things

Core High School Life SciencePerformance Descriptors

High school students performing at the

ADVANCED level:

analyze chemical reaction and chemical processes involved in the Calvin Cycle and Krebs Cycle;

predict the function of a given structure;

High school students performing at the

PROFICIENT level:

describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (…role of enzymes)

describe and give examples of chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);

describe the relationship between structure and function

High school students performing at the

BASIC level

name chemical reactions required to sustain life (… role of enzymes)

name chemical reactions required to sustain life (hydrolysis, dehydration synthesis, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, ADP/ATP, role of enzymes);

recognize that different structures perform different functions;

SOUTH DAKOTA ADVANCED SCIENCE STANDARDS

9-12.L.1.1A. Students are able to explain the physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration and their importance to plant and animal life. (SYNTHESIS)

Examples: Krebs Cycle

LIFE SCIENCE:Indicator 1: Understand the fundamental structures, functions, classifications, and mechanisms found in living things.