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Celebrating International
Women's Day with Farmers
Supported by: The International Potato Center (CIP)
Brazafric Enterprises Ltd.
Kyakuwa Farm
Impact TV
Bukedde TV
Bulemezi agro-vet Limited
Bavubuka Twekembe Group
Seguku Yesu Akwagala Worship Center
You are all welcome
Dr. Jolly Kabirizi
Tel: 0777912716
Email: [email protected]
Profitable Zero Grazing Dairy Enterprise
About Dr. Jolly Kabirizi
Worked with NAR0
Livestock Consultant.
Director, Kyakuwa Farm,
Seguku, Kla-Entebbe Rd.
42 years of research on dairy
cattle nutrition.
Dairy farmer for 35 years
Trained farmers for 43 years.
8 national & 4 international
awards
Zero-grazing dairy cattle system was
introduced in mid-1980s because of:
Land shortage,
Improve household nutrition & income and,
Provide manure for soil fertility improvement
High-yielding improved cows are kept inside &
fed with fodder cut and carried to them daily.
Currently, there are over 2 million farmers
practicing zero grazing in Uganda.
Zero grazing dairy cattle farming in Uganda
Advantages of zero grazing system
Animals are kept inside---- more secure.
Feeds are utilised well-- reduces pasture damage.
Maximum use of land
Urban & peri-urban farmers can keep cattle
Many animals can be fed from a small area.
Easy collection of manure----crop & biogas prodn.
Easier animal health management.
Easy detection of heat.
Disadvantages of zero grazing system
Requires cattle of higher genetic potential to make
economic sense----- more expensive.
Shortage of land --------inadequate feeds.
More resources (capital, land & labour) required.
Large amounts of pasture & supplements.
Spread of diseases in the same enclosure
because stalls might be too close.
Animals might be stressed due to confinement.
It might not be easy to detect signs of heat.
(1) Site selection
Locate the unit near a source of fodder to
reduce labour costs of carrying fodder to the
cows & carrying manure back to the farm.
(2) Safety & protection
Malicious poisoning by jealous people.
Rain, strong wind and hot sunshine
Thieves.
(3) Comfort
Poor cow comfort causes lameness
Requirements for a good zero grazing unit
(3) Good manure handling plan
Manure must be properly disposed of without
being an odour nuisance to neighbours.
(4) Ventilation
Good ventilation for maximal milk production.
(5) Bio-security
A footbath prevents the spread of disease.
(1) Cubicles
Cubicles form the resting area for the cow.
The recommended measurement is 4 ft wide by
7 ft long.
Cubicles must be covered with soft materials like
saw dust, dry grass, sand or rubber mats
Components of a good zero grazing unit
A lay out of a simple zero grazing unit
Centimetres
(2) Walking area
The floor should be made of concrete for ease
of cleaning.
Should have a gradual slope towards the dung
pit and be about 1 metre wide.
Feed & water troughs raised above the ground
to avoid contamination from the walking areaand to ensure easy feeding by the cow.
(3) Resting area
Should be roofed to provide shelter against
rain and sunshine.
A mineral box fixed in each cubicle for
individual mineral supply to each cow.
Water must always be available and must
have an outlet to drain before refilling.
(4) Feed and water troughs
Low cost feed trough
Old tractor tyres for water trough
Old bathroom water bath
(5) Milking area
Must have a feed trough for feeding
concentrates to the cows during milking.
Constructed next to
the cubicles.
The floor is flat, made
of firm concrete and
slope towards the
walking area.
(6) Calf pens
Reduce the risk of
disease transmission
between calves.
Prevent sucking on
each other.
Calves are able to feed
individually.
Able to monitor calves
better.
1
2
3
Side view of the calf pen;
1. Welded wire mesh
2. Plastic nipple bucket
3. Exercise area
Requirements for a calf pen
Item Quantity
Seasoned timber
(pieces)
10
Iron sheets (pieces) 2
Papyrus mat (pieces) 1
Nails 1 kg
Hinges 6 pairs
Bolts and nuts 5 kg
Plastic nipple bucket 1
Locks 5
Welded wire mesh 2
Plastic bucket
with a nipple
(7) Holding crush
(8) The fodder chopping area
Fixed knife chopper
Motorized forage chopper
Chopping fodder improves
forage intake & reduces
feed wastage.
Chopping forages using a
panga results into injuries.
(9) A store
An area where inputs (concentrates, minerals,
milk utensils etc.) are kept
Well-ventilated and free from rodents.
(10) Manure disposal
Collect manure daily from the grazing unit.
Store manure in a cemented pit for about 2
weeks to decompose.
Remove manure from the pit and apply on food
and fodder crop fields.
(1)Fixed costs
Cost of breeding stock (shs 3.5 to 6 million)
Construction of cow shed
Feed boxes
Water troughs
Equipment (dairy utensils)
Machinery (wheel burrow, hand tools, forage
chopper)
Major costs to start a zero grazing dairy cattle enterprise
(2) Variable costs
Establish 2 acres of a mixture of Napier grass &
forage legumes & 500 fodder trees
Dairy meal
Mineral licks
Acaricides
Artificial insemination (AI) services
Vaccinations
Veterinary treatment
Deworming
Milking salve
Repair of cow shed and feed boxes
Labour & transport
(3)Revenue from sale of:
Milk
Bull calves
Manure
Culled animals
Live animals
Income from farmer training sessions
Item Qty Cost Total (Ushs)
Land preparation (acres) 2 200,000 400,000
Elephant grass cuttings
(bags)28 20,000 560,000
Fertilizer (manure) (loads) 3 70,000 210,000
Centrosema (kgs) 4 30,000 120,000
Calliandra seedlings 500 300 150,000
Planting Napier grass &
legumes2 100,000 200,000
Planting calliandra seedlings 1 100,000 100,000
Weeding (4 times/year x 2
acres)8 100,000 800,000
Total (Ushs) 2,540,000
Estimated cost of establishing & managing a
mixture of elephant grass & forage legumes (for
1 cow & its calf)------1st year
A hybrid between
elephant grass & millet
Introduced from Thailand
by The Green Elephant
(U) Ltd.
Herbage biomass yield=
200 tons/acre/year of
fresh material.
Protein content= 14 to
18 percent
A bag of cuttings costs
shs 30,000.
Recommended Napier grass varieties
Pak Chong Napier
Pak Chong super
Napier grass variety
Introduced from Kenya
by NaLIRRI in 2011.
Looks like sugarcane
Has thick sweet stems
Herbage biomass yield
is 70 tons/acre/year.
Protein content is 12-14
percent.
Cutting interval is 4
months
79 Napier grass x Sugar cane variety
Negative environmental aspects in zero grazing system
1. Loss of local cattle breeds
Crossbred & exotic cows require intensive use
of pesticides which spill into the environment
with a negative effect on humans & insects.
2. Plastic waste
Death of animals due to ingestion of polythene
bags.
Contaminate soil & water sources
3. Changes in pasture management
Large amounts of artificial fertilizers & manure
are applied to the fields to improve crop
production--------causing pollution of ground
water and soil.
4. Harvesting or cutting forages
Continuous harvesting without fertilizer
application causes desertification, soil
erosion & spread of invasive species &
weeds.
5. Manure accumulation
The bad smell and flies from manure not properly
disposed of, is a serious environmental concern
for the neighbours.
Large herds of confined cows means lot of
manure to dispose of.
Large quantity of greenhouse gases contribute to
climate change, water pollution & spread of
diseases.
6. Effects on animal health and welfare
Lameness due to the effects of concrete floor
on hooves.
A cow living in a dirty shed is uncomfortable; --
----affect level of production due to mastitis.
Effect on fertility---poor heat detection due to
silent heat.
Sustainable zero grazing dairy farming –Good for you, good for the environment
1. Proper disposal of cattle manure
Develop a simple waste management plan -----
-biogas production
2. Harvest and conserve water
Harvest rain water from roofs for humans, crop
& livestock use.
3. Appropriate use of chemicals, drugs &
fertilizers
Use recommended agricultural & veterinary
chemicals according to the directions.
Ensure safe storage & disposal of chemicals.
Consider biological approaches to controlling
farm pests e.g. eliminate pest breeding sites.
Careful application of fertilisers will minimise off-
farm impacts and boost productivity.
4. Prevent snakes and pests on your farm
Remove bushy areas to keep snakes away.
Control rats, frogs & lizards which are the
staple diet of a snake.
A small sprinkling of sulphur powder might
prove effective at keeping snakes from
sneaking in.
5. Plants that can repel snakes naturally
Tobacco plants
Onions Gallic
Lemon grass
Insect repellent cards keep
flies away
6. Keep flies & bad smell away from the farm
Used to disinfect
the floor
7. Proper disposal of plastic waste
Sell used plastic bags to
recycling centers.
Innovative uses (bricks,
plastic gardens).
,
plastic gardens
Tips to boost dairy business profitability
Prepare a dairy investment plan to outline
the finances required.
Source animals from reputed farms using
records-----.a good crossbred dairy cow
should produce over 20 litres of milk per
day during its 2nd lactation.
Produce your feeds to ensure quality &
quantity.
Use the right breeding techniques.
Create a waste management plan---biogas.
Have good mutual working relationship with
farm workers.
Work with professionals.
Involve all family members in farm activities.
You are the first manager ----”Telephone
farming does not pay” & “A farmer’s foot is
the best manure”.
Keep your cows in top health condition------
ensure cow comfort.
A good fence keeps away intruders & other
livestock from the farm & controls breeding.
Loud noise & stress
can inhibit the release of
a hormone responsible
for releasing milk---
making the cow to hold
back milk.
Slow music can
mitigate stress in cows
and increase milk yield
by 3 percent.
Milking to Music
Important contacts for dairy inputs &
services-------(1)
Input Contact
Hiring silage & hay
making equipment
Jersey semen &
embryos
Liquid Nitrogen
Director, National
Livestock Resources Res.
Institute (NalIRRI),
Nakyesasa, Busukuma
sub-county
(07842660295)
Quality pasture seed Mr. Lutwama
Bavubuka Twekembe
(0774550349) Making sweet potato
silage for pigs & cattle
Important contacts -------(2)
Input Contact
Motorized forage
choppers/hammer mill
BrazAfric, Bugoloobi
(0774112810)
Molasses Patel (0751253847)
Breweries waste Ms. Carol Busingye
(0772616524)
Pelleting equipment and
motorized mixers
Musa Body Machinery
Ltd (0702917518/
0700215475)
Good crossbred dairy
cattle breeds
Mr. Busingye
(0705167067/
0786430790)
Input Contact
Training on dairy cattle
farming
Kyakuwa Farm
0777912716
Calliandra seedlings Mr. Odoi
(0782568822)
Silage bags Allan (00784268061)
Yellow maize rich in
carotene
Major Kigozi Kawesa
(0772343150)
Insect repellents Muyenga, Kironde
Road (0706230892)
Pak Chong super
Napier grass variety
Aidah (0757759911)
Important contacts -------(3)
Dairy Farmers Network (DAFAN)
DAFAN was established in February 2015.
Registered as an association with over 250
dairy farmers.
Activities
Monthly study meetings
Farm visits/trainings
International dairy tours
Embryo transfer programs
Membership fee: shs 150,000
Contact: Denis Semugera 0778496096
Acknowledgements
International Potato Centre (CIP)
Brazafric Enterprises Ltd.
Impact TV
Kyakuwa Farm
Bulemezi Agro-Vet Ltd.
Bavubuka Twekembe Group
Seguku Yesu Akwagala Worship Centre
Participants
Members of organizing committee
Organizing committee members
Dr. Jolly Kabirizi, Kyakuwa Farm (Chairperson)
Mr. Vincent Lutwama, Bavubuka Twekembe
(BTG)
Ms. Zainah Nampijja BTG)
Mr. Joshua Kisubika (BTG)
Mr. William Kirumira (BTG)
Mr. Perezi Segawa (BTG)
Ms. Robina Nakiryowa
Mr. Yusufu Bazibumbira
Pastor Stuart Kuunya (SWC)
Ms. Doris (SWC)
