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CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question: Given: Q 1 = 1500 kN, Q 2 = 2500 kN, q all = 200 kN/m 2 Ignore the weight of footings and find dimensions B and B 2 of a cantilever footing for a uniform soil pressure distribution. Draw shear and bending moment distributions. B B 2 B Q 1 =1500 kN L=8m Q 2 =2500 kN 0.8 m 0.8 m B 1 =2.0m

CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

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Page 1: CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS

P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING

Question:

Given: Q1 = 1500 kN, Q2 = 2500 kN, qall = 200 kN/m2

Ignore the weight of footings and find dimensions B and B2 of a cantilever footing for a uniform

soil pressure distribution. Draw shear and bending moment distributions.

B

B2 B

Q1=1500 kN

L=8m

Q2=2500 kN

0.8 m 0.8 m

B1=2.0m

Page 2: CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

Solution:

B1=2m B

B2

Strap

Locate ΣQ = Q1 + Q2

B b=1500 × 8 / 4000=3

For B1=2m

L=8 m

Q1 = 1500 kN Q1+Q2 =4000kN Q = 2500 kN

0.4m

a = 8.0 + 0.4 – 1.0 – 3.0

a = 4.40m

R1= (4000 × 3) / 7.4 = 1622kN

R2 = 4000 – 1622 = 2378 kN

Determine B2,

qall = Q / (2 × B2)

200 = 1620 / (2 × B2) B2 = 4 m

1.0

200 kN/m2

Q1=1500 kN Q2-R2=122 kN

0.6m

R1=1622 kN

122kN

OR

Without considering resultant (Q1 +Q2)

Moment w.r.t Q2 or (R2);

Q1x8- R1x7.4=0 R1=1622 kN

From force equilibrium;

ΣFvertical =0

1500+25000-1622-R2 =0

R2=2378 kN

Determine

qall = Q / (2

200 = 1622 / (2 B2) B2 ≈ 4

200 = 2378 / B2 B ≈ 3.45

0.8 m 0.8 m

FBD

V(kN)

M(kN.m)

1500 kN

900 kN.m

Page 3: CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

P.2) TRAPEZOIDAL FOOTING

Question:

Determine B1 and B2 of a trapezoidal footing for a uniform soil pressure of 300 kN/m2. (γconc =

24kN/m3)

M1=600kN-m

Q1=3000kN

M2=800kN-m

Q2=2000kN M3=1200kN-m

Q3=4000kN

1

2 6 6 2

B1 B2

Centroid of the base

ΣQ

x

M1=600kN-m

Q1=3000kN

M2=800kN-m

Q2=2000kN M3=1200kN-m

Q3=4000kN

1

Solution:

After finding the location of resultant force, you can decide whether the wider side of

the trapezoid will be at the left or right side.

2.0 m 6.0 m 6.0 m 2.0 m

x Centroid of the base

ΣQ=9000 kN

B1 B2

Page 4: CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

General formulation for finding coordinates of a centroid;

ΣQ=9000kN

Weight of footing= 16x24x(B1+B2)/2 = 192(B1+B2)

Area of footing = 8(B1+B2)

ΣFv=0 9000+192(B1+B2)=8(B1+B2)x300

B1+B2 = 4.07m ………(1)

ΣM=0 (moment about centroid of the base)

3000(14-x)+600+2000(8-x)+800-4000(x-2)-1200+(wght of ftg)x0=(base pressure)x0

x = 7.36m

x=7.36=

………..(2)

From (1) and (2) B1= 1.55m ; B2 = 2.52m

Note: You can also take moment about the left or right side but keep in mind that weight and base

pressure will also have moment about left or right side.

Page 5: CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

B =

16

2

2

6

6

b =

6

P.3) MAT FOUNDATION

Question:

A mat foundation rests on a sand deposit whose allowable bearing value is 150 kN/m2

. Column

loads are given in the figure. The thickness of the mat is 2.0 m (concrete = 24 kN/m3). Calculate

base pressures assuming that the lines passing through the centroid of the mat and parallel to the

sides are principal axes. Find the base pressure distribution beneath the base and check whether the

mat foundation given is safe?

l = 12 m

1000 kN 2000 kN 3000 kN

EXISTING

STRUCTURE

2500 kN 3500 kN

4000 kN

3500 kN

2500 kN

1000 kN 2000 kN 3000 kN 2000 kN 1000 kN

2 m 6 m 6 m 6 m

6 m 2 m

L = 28 m

2 m

2 m

Page 6: CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

Solution:

Area of foundation = 28 × 16 – 12 × 6 = 376 m2

Total vertical load = Σ V = Column loads + Weight of mat=31000+(376) × 24 × 2 = 49048 kN

* Center of gravity (CG) of mat:

28 × 16 × 14 − 6 × 12 × (16 + 6) = 12.47

376

m from left

28 × 16 × 8 − 6 × 12 × (3 + 10) = 7.04

376

m from bottom

16 6

• 3

12.47 CG •

10 7.04

* Location of ΣQ :

Take moment about the left side:

= (1 / 49048) . [ 2 × (1000+2500+1000) + 8 × (2000+3500+2000) + 14 × (3000 +

+ 4000 + 3000) + 20 × (3500+2000) + 26 × (2500+1000) + 376 × 2 × 24 × 12.47 ]

= 12.95 m from left

Take moment about bottom side :

= (1 / 49048) . [ 2 × (1000+2000+3000+2000+1000) + 8 × (2500 + 3500 + 4000 +

+ 3500 + 2500) + 14 × (1000+2000+3000) + 376 × 2 × 24 × 7.04 ]

= 7.28 m from bottom

Centroid of the

16mx28m rectangular

Centroid of the 12mx6m

cut section due to

existing structure

Page 7: CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

Eccentricity :

e1 = 12.95 – 12.47 = 0.48 m

e2 = 7.28 – 7.04 = 0.24 m

1

8.96

2 • 2

7.04

12.47 15.53

1

M1

28 m

M2

16 m

M1 about 1-1 axis:

M1 = ΣQ ⋅ e1 = 49048 ⋅ (0.48) = 23543 kN.m

M2 about 2-2 axis:

M2 = ΣQ ⋅ e2 = 49048 ⋅ (0.24) = 11772 kN.m

⎡ B ⋅ L3 2 ⎤ ⎡b ⋅ l 2 ⎤

I

1−1 = ⎢

12 + B ⋅ L ⋅ (D

1 ) ⎢ − ⎢

12 + b ⋅ l ⋅ (d

1 ) ⎢ =

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦

⎡ × 3

⎤ ⎡ 3 ⎤ 4

= 16 28

+ 16 × 28 × (14 − 12.47) 2

⎢ − ⎢ 6 ×12

+ 6 ×12 × (22 − 12.47) 2

⎢ = 22915 m

⎢ 12 ⎦ ⎣ 12 ⎦

⎡ L ⋅ B 3 2 ⎤ ⎡ l ⋅ b 2 ⎤

I

2−2 = ⎢

12 + B ⋅ L ⋅ (D

2 ) ⎢ − ⎢

12 + b ⋅ l ⋅ (d

2 ) ⎢ =

⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦

= ⎡ 28 ×16

3

+ 16 × 28 × (8 − 7.04) 2 ⎤ −

⎡12 × 6 + 12 × 6 × (13 − 7.04) 2

⎢ = 7197 m4

⎢ 12 ⎢ ⎢

⎦ ⎣ ⎦

e1=0.48m

e2=0.24m

Page 8: CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

Note: In soil mechanics compression is taken as positive (+)

q = ΣQ ±

M 1 ⋅ y1 ± M 2 ⋅ y2

Area I1−1 I

2−2

q = 49048

± 23543 ⋅ y

1 ± 11772 ⋅ y

2 = 130.4 ± 1.03 y

± 1.64 y

376 22915 7197 1 2

q A

= 130.4 ± 1.03 y1 ± 1.64 y

2 = 130.4 + 1.03 ⋅ (3.53) + 1.64 ⋅ (2.96) = 138.9 kN/m

2

qB

= 130.4 + 1.03 ⋅ (3.53) +1.64 ⋅ (8.96) = 148.7

kN/m2

qC

= 130.4 −1.03 ⋅ (12.47) + 1.64 ⋅ (8.96) = 132.2

kN/m2

qD

= 130.4 −1.03 ⋅ (12.47) −1.64 ⋅ (7.04) = 106

qE = 134.9 kN/m2

qF = 151.3 kN/m2

kN/m2

ΣQ = 49048 kN 1

qC = 132.2kN/m2

C B qB = 148.7 kN/m2

qA = 138.9 kN/m2

A e2 = 0.24

m

CG

F qF = 151.3 kN/m2

(MAX)

2 2

D

qD = 106 kN/m

2

(MIN)

e1 = 0.48 m

E

qE = 134.9 kN/m2

1

Since at all critical points stress values are almost < qall = 150 kN/m2

given mat foundation is

safe.

Page 9: CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

P.4) COMBINED FOOTING ANALYZED BY RIGID METHOD

Question:

A rectangular combined footing which supports three columns is to be constructed on a sandy clay

layer whose allowable bearing value (base pressure) is 84 kN/m2.The thickness of the concrete

footing is 0.85m. There is a 1.20m thick soil fill having same unit weight with sandy clay on the

footing. Unit weight of the sandy clay and the concrete are 20 kN/m3 and 24 kN/m3 respectively.

Analyze the footing by rigid method and plot shear and moment diagrams.

800kN 600kN 500kN

1.2

0.85

2m 6m 6m 2m

B=?

Solution:

Neglecting column weights;

ΣQnet=800+600+500+(24-20)x16xBx0.85 = 1900+54.4B

e = ΣM

ΣV

= 800 x6 − 500 x6

= 1900 + 54.4B

1800

1900 + 54.4B

qmax =

ΣV

BxL (1 +

6e ) = 84kN / m 2

L

84 = 1900 + 54.4B

(1 + Bx16

6x1800 ) (1900 + 54.4B) x16 ⇒ B = 2.0m

Use B=2.0m qmax = 84 kN/m2

; qmin = 41.6 kN/m2

Downward uniform pressure = 0.85 × (24-20) = 3.4 kN/m2

Page 10: CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

These are the diagrams related to forces and moments acting on the foundation. Explanations are

at the next page;

800kN 600kN 500kN

2m 6m 6m 2m

3.4

84

3.4

41.6

1.01

a A b

4.2

B e

7.7

C g

84– 3.4

≅ 80.5

c

75.2

d

59.4 43.5 h

f

41.6 - 3.4 = 38.2

311.4 319.2 336

+ j m

_

Shear

(shear diagram is

488.6

-507

280.8

-444

164

parabolic in fact,

but we linearized

it for simplicity)

_ -99.4

+

Moment

315 167

Page 11: CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

V = 80.5 + 75.2

x 2 x 2 = 311.4 kN A

2

area (abcd) B = 2

VA’ = 311.4 – 800 = – 488.6 kN

To find the centroid of a trapezoid on the horizontal axis;

x x = L 2B1+ B2

x: distance from shorter dimension

B1 B2 3 B1+ B2

L

x (abcd) = 2 2x80.5 + 75.2

=1.01m

3 80.5 + 75.2

MA = 311.4 x 1.01 = 315 kN.m

VBA = 80.5 + 59.4

x 8 x 2 − 800 = 319.2 kN 2

VBC = 319.2 – 600 = -280.8 kN

x (aefc) = 8 2x80.5 + 59.4

= 4.2 m

3 80.5 + 59.4

M = ⎡80.5 + 59.4

x 8 x 2⎤

x 4.2 − 800 x 6 = − 99.4 kN.m

B ⎢ ⎢ ⎣ ⎦

VCB = 80.5 + 43.5

x14 x 2 − 800 − 600 = 336 kN 2

VC = 336 – 500 = -164 kN

Check the end point; 80.5 + 38.2

x16 x 2 − 800 − 600 − 500 = 0 OK

2

Page 12: CE 366 SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS - Adnan Menderes …akademik.adu.edu.tr/fakulte/muhendislik/personel/uploads/ssaglam/... · CE 366 – SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS P.1) CANTILEVER FOOTING Question:

x (aghc) = 14 2x80.5 + 43.5

= 7.7 m

3 80.5 + 43.5

M = ⎡80.5 + 43.5

x 14 x 2⎤

x 7.7 − 800 x12 − 600 x 6 =167 kN.m

C ⎢ ⎢ ⎣ ⎦

Slope of V b/w x = 2 and x = 8 m Æ (488.6+319.2)/6=134.6 kN/m

Equation of V b/w x = 2 and x = 8 m Æ V(x) = -488.6 + 134.6 (x) for V(x)=0 Æ x=3.6 m

Base pressure @ x = 2 + 3.6 = 5.6 m Æ 65.6 kN/m2

Similarly @ x = 10.7 m V = 0

Base pressure @ x =10.7 m Æ 52.2 kN/m2

maximum points of the moment diagram;

a A b j

65.6

B e m C g

52.2 h

f n

c d k

j and m are the points where shear forces are equal to zero (i.e. moment is max)

the distance between point b and point j

x (ajkc) = (2 + 3.6) 2x80.5 + 65.6

= 2.9 m

3 80.5 + 65.6

M = ⎡80.5 + 65.6

x (2 + 3.6) x 2⎤

x 2.9 − 800 x 3.6 = − 507 kN.m

AB ⎢ ⎢ ⎣ ⎦

x (amnc) = 5.73 m

MBC = -444 kN.m