玛尔电力开发有限公司 - epaajk.gok.pk - Volume I - Executive... · (KP), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). The Project falls within both provinces of Pakistan as well as

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of Mahl Hydropower Project

Volume I: Executive Summary

Final Report

HBP Ref: R7ES5MLP

Date: December 26, 2017

玛尔电力开发有限公司 MAHL POWER COMPANY (PVT.) LTD

Mahl Hydropower Project

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

Executive Summary (Volume I)

HBP Ref.: R7ES5MLP

December 26, 2017

Shanghai Investigation Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd.

Islamabad

ESIA of Mahl Hydropower Project

Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 iii

Executive Summary

Mahl Power Company Limited (MPCL), a subsidiary of China Three Gorges

International Corporation (CTGI), Beijing, intends to construct the 640 megawatt (MW)

Mahl Hydropower Project (Project) along with related infrastructure on the Jhelum River,

about 5 km upstream of the confluence of Mahl Nullah and Jhelum River. Jhelum River

forms the boundary between the Pakistani provinces of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

(KP), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). The Project falls within both provinces of

Pakistan as well as AJK. The location of the Project is shown in Exhibit I.

Project Background

The Mahl Hydropower Project was first identified in 1984 as part of the study titled

“Hydroelectric Inventory Ranking and Feasibility Studies for Pakistan (Phase A)” by

Montreal Engineering Company, Canada (Monenco). A number of studies were also

carried out after 1984, and in May 2014 the Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research

Institute (SIDRI) carried out an investigation into the site and released a study. Following

the release of the SIDRI study experts from CTG, CWE Investment Corporation (CWEI),

HYDROCHINA and SIDRI visited the site and undertook further investigations. Most

recently a Feasibility Study of the Project (FS) was conducted by SIDRI in association

with two local consultants, Associate Consulting Engineers (ACE) and Mirza Associates

Engineering Services (MAES). An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)

was included in the FS. However, a separate ESIA is needed to meet the requirements of

the GoP as well as international lending organizations.

SIDRI has now contracted the services of Hagler Bailly Pakistan (Pvt.) Ltd. (HBP) for an

updated Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) of the Project and to

develop a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) that meets the standards and guidelines

prescribed by the International Finance Corporation (IFC), and conforms to

environmental legislation of AJK, Punjab and KP.

Study Area

The selection of the Study Area for the ESIA took into account environmentally sensitive

receptors that are most likely to be impacted by the Project’s development activities

during construction and operation. For assessment of cumulative impacts, the Study Area

was selected to be large enough to allow the assessment of the Valued Ecosystem

Components (VECs) that may be affected by the Project activities. The Study Area

defined for the baseline studies and impact assessment is shown in Exhibit II.

Policy and Legal Framework

The ESIA process and the environmental and social performance of the Project will be

governed by the policies of the GoP, the laws of the Government of AJK, IFC’s PS, and

international environmental agreements to which Pakistan is a party.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 iv

Exhibit I: Mahl Hydropower Project Location


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 v

Exhibit II: Study Areas

Punjab Environmental Laws

In 2012, Punjab promulgated the Punjab Environmental Protection Act 1997 – Amended

18.04.2012 (Punjab Act). The responsibility to implement the provisions of the Punjab

Act lies with the Punjab Environmental Protection Department (Punjab EPD) or the

Punjab-EPA. The act requires proponents to submit either an EIA or IEE, as the case may

be, and obtain approval in respect thereof before commencing construction.

KP Environmental Laws

The KP Environmental Protection Agency was established in 1989. The KP

Environmental Protection Act 2014 is applicable to a broad range of issues and extends to

air, water, industrial liquid effluent, and noise pollution, as well as to the handling of

hazardous wastes. As the powerhouse of the Project is located in AJK, this Project will be

transferred to GoAJK after completion of the term of the power purchase agreement

(PPA).

AJK Environmental Laws

The Azad Jammu and Kashmir Environmental Protection Act 2000 (the “AJKEPA 2000”

or the “Act”) is the principal legislative tool used for regulating environmental protection

in the state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The responsibility to implement the provisions

of the Act lies with the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Environmental Protection Agency

(AJK-EPA). There are other instruments (regulations, rules, standards, and guidelines)


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 vi

subservient to the AJKEPA 2000 which together with the Act form the basic

environmental law of AJK. The AJKEPA 2000 recognizes that it is necessary to fulfil the

obligations envisaged under the biodiversity related Multilateral Environmental

Agreements ratified by the GoP.

IFC’s PS on Social and Environmental Sustainability

The IFC’s PSs are applied to manage social and environmental risks and impacts and to

enhance development opportunities in private sector financing in IFC member countries

eligible for financing. Together, the eight PSs establish standards that the client is

required to meet throughout the project life by IFC or other relevant financial institution.

Mahl Power Company (Pvt.) Ltd. (MPCL) will follow PSs of IFC for this Project and

will ensure that the contractors/ subcontracts (subcontractors of the contracts) appointed

by MPCL all follow the IFC’s PS on environmental and social sustainability.

Project Description

The Mahl HPP is a run-of-river hydropower project to be constructed on the Jhelum

River. The catchment area of Jhelum River at the proposed dam site is 25,334 square

kilometer (km2), with a maximum mean monthly flow of 1,690 m3/s in June and a

minimum of 204 m3/s in January. The Mahl HPP Dam and Powerhouse are located near

the village of Lasrai in Punjab and Sari Bandi in AJK.

Power Generation Capacity

The proposed Project is designed to operate with the reservoir at normal operating level

of 585 meters above mean sea level (m amsl) with reservoir capacity of

139.67 million m3. At these conditions, the total installed capacity of the hydropower

station will be 640 MW.

Land Requirement

It is estimated that the Project will involve the acquisition of about 1,017.7 hectares (ha)

of land. Of this 17.8 ha (2%) is built up, 75.1 ha (7%) is agricultural land, 99.3 ha (10%)

is waste land, 447.7 ha (44%) is forest land, 130.7 ha (13%) is floodplain land and 247.0

ha (24%) is currently river water surface. The total land to be acquired includes land

required for the construction of dam, powerhouse, access roads, project colony,

realignment of roads, bridges and other civil structures; ponding area as well as a buffer

zone.

Main Components of the Project

Dam and Reservoir

The dam will be a roller-compacted concrete mass gravity dam with a maximum height

of 88.4 m. The live operating storage will be 38.34 million m3. The reservoir will have a

length of 29 km and will inundate an area of 6.7 km2.1

1 Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd. (SIDRI) in association with Associate

Consulting Engineers (ACE) and Mirza Associates Engineering Services (MAES), January 2017, Mahl Hydropower Project Feasibility Report, Volume I Main Report for the China Three Gorges International Corporation (CTGI)


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 vii

Reservoir Sediment Flushing

The Jhelum River carries an annual suspended sediment load estimated at 30.27 million

tons with an annual bedload of 4.54million tons. After 10 years of operations, the delta

will move to the front of dam and the changes in the longitudinal section of the river

channel will be reduced significantly. After reservoir sedimentation equilibrium, under

the operation mode of power generation only, sediment concentration of inflow will still

be higher than that of the outflow. Therefore, there will be sediment deposition in the

reservoir. The remaining reservoir capacity will be about 27 million m³ under the normal

operation level of which live storage will be about 18 million m³.

Waterways and Intake Structure

The power intake and the dam body are combined as a whole. The power intake for

power generation is located on the dam section and is formed of three independent power

intakes arranged in line. They are designed to deliver water into the powerhouse at the toe

of the dam through the penstock located on the downstream dam surface.

Powerhouse

The powerhouse will be a surface powerhouse placed at the toe of the dam. It is located

on the left bank of river. The longitudinal axis of the powerhouse is parallel to the dam

axis, and is 110 m to the dam axis. The main powerhouse, auxiliary building and erection

bay are arranged in a row. According to the preliminary layout, the powerhouse will have

a span of 34 m and a 3 unit scheme. The powerhouse will accommodate three Francis

turbine generator units of 213.3 MW capacity each. The main transformer is arranged on

548.50 m platform. GIS room is arranged on 560.50 m floor.

Construction Material and Waste

Aggregates

The main natural construction materials required for the Project are coarse and fine

concrete aggregates and impervious earth fill material. The material requirements for the

Project are estimated as follows:

Coarse aggregate 2.76 million tons

Fine aggregate 1.10 million tons

Impervious soil 28,600 m³

Filling material for cofferdams 329,900 m³

Waste Disposal

The waste disposal areas are planned along the main Jhelum River both upstream and

downstream of the dam and on both the left (AJK) and right (Punjab) banks. A total of

six are planned of which two are located upstream left bank and two are upstream right

and two are downstream right bank.

Construction Timeline

Construction will require 6 years (72 months). Some of the major activities include

construction of diversion tunnel, closure of the riverbed, filling of cofferdam and


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 viii

drainage of foundation pit, foundation pit excavation of the riverbed of dam, concrete

placement and metal structure installation in the dam sections.

Stakeholder Consultation

The consultation process was designed to be consistent with the relevant national

legislation and the IFC’s PS on social and environmental sustainability. Consultations

with the Project stakeholders were undertaken in late August-early October. A

Background Information Document (BID) prepared in English and Urdu that informed

the stakeholders about the ESIA process and provided a background about the Project

was shared with the stakeholders. The feedback from the communities was recorded and

the detailed logs of consultations were prepared. A basin wide study approach was

adopted, and 19 rural communities were consulted along the Jhelum River. Local

government and officials were also consulted.

Summary of Consultation

The following is a summary of concerns expressed by the communities:

Increased heavy traffic in the area could create difficulties for the locals.

Heavy traffic and machinery may damage the road network.

Blasting may result in drying of water springs. It may also affect nearby houses.

The risk of landslides may increase.

Grazing of livestock may be affected.

Mobility of women may be affected due to influx of outsiders.

Removal of trees could negatively impact the environment.

Employment of local eligible men and women is recommended.

The Project should contribute to the provision of basic amenities such as safe

drinking water and basic education.

Graves and shrines may be affected.

People who fish from the river may be affected.

The following is a summary of concerns expressed by the institutional stakeholders:

The fish fauna present in the Jhelum River is a major concern. In particular, the

abundance of fish species, their feeding habits and the food chain they depend on,

their breeding behavior, habitat fragmentation and impacts on movement.

Mitigation measures are needed for these species.

Impacts on terrestrial biodiversity are a concern. Data collection in the area is

needed to ascertain the biodiversity in the area to be affected, including the

inundated area. The habitat needs to be assessed in line with IFC PS6.

Climate change related impacts are important to assess. The data used in the

assessment needs to be AJK specific and future trends in climate need to be

considered.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 ix

The locals in the area rely on forest resources. The Project’s impacts on these

need to be assessed and mitigated against. There are also species of concern in the

area.

Some of the Project facilities are located in an area which is declared as a

National Park. Disturbances to vegetation and habitat are very important to

consider in this development. Protection of biodiversity is a key issue.

As this Project is part of a cascade of projects, catchment level impacts are

important to consider and management at the catchment level is important.

Integrated Watershed Management is recommended. For the same reason,

cumulative impact assessment is very important.

Impacts on the local community are important to consider especially on the

people who will be displaced. Livelihood restoration is very important as is

compensation for loss of land.

In implementing mitigation measures, compliance with laws is very important.

Impacts on water quality are important to consider.

Dumping of waste needs to be done responsibly and in designated areas.

Management of the reservoir is a key concern, especially with respect to

sedimentation.

Management of traffic and increase in vehicle movement due to Project-related

activities is a concern.

Overview of Physical Environment

Topography

The area falls at the western edge of the Higher Himalaya range. The relief in the

catchment area up to Mangla Dam, south of the Project site, varies between 234 m amsl

and 6,283 m amsl. Approximately 58% of the catchment area of the Project area has an

elevation in the range of 2,000–4,000 m amsl. The dam site is at an elevation of

532 m amsl.

Geology and Seismic Hazards

Geology

The Project area is located on the Himalayan thrust nappe. As for the strata in this area,

the northern part of this area consists of the Precambrian crystalline rocks and Paleozoic

metamorphic rocks; the middle part consists of the molasse deposited in the fore-land

basin in the Tertiary period, which mainly belong to the Murree subgroup of Rawalpindi

group of the Miocene Epoch and the Siwaliks group of the Pleistocene Epoch in the

Pliocene epoch-Quaternary period; the Punjab plain at the southern part of this area

consists of quaternary alluvium. The exposed strata in the areas near the Project area

mainly include Precambrian, Mesozoic Triassic-Jurassic, Paleogene, Neogene and

Quaternary strata. The Precambrian strata belong to Abbottabad group and are mainly

distributed in the northwestern part of the nearby area. The Triassic-Jurassic strata are

only distributed at the Northwest corner of the nearby area. The Paleogene strata are


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 x

exposed in the area between the Jhelum fault-Nathia Gali fault and the Murree fault. The

Neogene stratum is mainly exposed in the east and south parts of the area between the

Jhelum fault and the Murree fault. The lower part is the Rawalpindi Group, namely the

Murree Formation and Kamlial Formation. The exposed strata of the Murree Formation

are the most common ones. The upper part is the Siwaliks Group which consists of the

Chinji Formation, Nagri Formation, Dhok Pathan Formation and the Soan Formation.

Among the Quaternary strata, the alluvial, proluvial, diluvial, colluvial and eluvial strata

are exposed.

Seismic Hazards

The Project site is located in a seismically active zone affected by the continuing

northward drifting of the Indian plate and its subduction below the Eurasian plate. A

number of regional and local faults are known to be active in the area. It is located at the

southern foot of Himalayas. The Himalaya is the world's youngest and largest orogenic

belt formed by the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. There are

region syntaxis with sharp turns at both the east and west ends of the Himalaya. The

western syntaxis consists of the following tectonic units (from north to south): the

Karakorum Plate, Karakorum Suture Zone (extends westwards into the Indus River-

Yarlung Zangbo River suture zone), Kohistan-Ladakh Island Arc, Indus River-Yarlung

Zangbo River suture zone and Nanga Parbat-Haramosh Massif, the faults at the primary

boundary of Himalaya, and the Hazara–Kashmir Syntaxis. The Project area is located at

the southern part of this syntaxis.

The major regional thrust faults related to intercontinental collision include Main Mantle

Thrust (MMT), Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), Panjal Thrust (PT), Main Central Thrust

(MCT), Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) and Salt Range Thrust (SRT). The planes of

these faults run nearly parallel to the collision boundary. The main faults developed in the

near-field include the Jhelum fault (F1), Nathia Gali fault (F2), Murree reverse fault (F3),

Muzaffarabad reverse fault (F4) and Riasi reverse fault (F5).

The depth of the earthquake focus in this region is mainly within 1 to 250 km. Most of

the earthquakes are moderate to deep-focus earthquakes. Between 34ºN and 36ºN, the

depth of the earthquake focus increases gradually (from south to north) from 70 to

100 km to 250 to 300 km to form an earthquake focus belt which inclines northwards.

This shows that this region is the location where the Indian plate collided with the

Eurasian plate

For seismic safety evaluation of the Project site, a catalogue of earthquakes was compiled

for the region extending over a radius of 300 km from the Project site in the Feasibility

Study. Both the historic and recent instrumental recorded data have been compiled for the

period AD 1555 to 2014. The catalogue includes 1,554 earthquakes within the region, of

magnitude M > 4.0 with focal depth of not more than 50 km (or unknown depth). This

data with focal depth of up to 50 km is considered to be more relevant to the seismic

environment of the Project site. The spatial distribution of seismic activity within the

region is non-uniform with a prominent concentration in Hindukush zone located

northwest of the Project site. The other concentration is on Hazara-Kashmir Syntaxis in

the north and another one is in the southeast. During the record period, the strongest


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xi

earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurred at Kangra, India in 1905 and the Kashmir

earthquake with magnitude of 7.6 occurred in 2005.

Climate

The available data from five Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) stations Garhi

Dupatta, Muzaffarabad, Murree, Kakul and Rawalakot lie within a radius of 50 km from

the site. Thirty-years (1961-1990) of data was available for these stations. Of these five

stations, the data from Garhi Dupatta weather station was selected for analysis as the

elevation of the station is almost similar to the Project Site and its location is closer to the

Project site.

The climate analysis of Project area was carried out by classifying it into different

seasons as follows:

Summer (mid-March to mid-June)

Characterized by high temperatures, moderate rainfalls with moderate humidity and high

speed-winds.

Summer Monsoon (mid-June to mid-September)

The summer monsoon, hereafter referred to as the Monsoon, is characterized by high

temperatures (although milder than the summer), significantly high rainfalls with high

humidity and moderate speed-winds, slightly lower than summers.

Post-Monsoon summer (mid-September to mid-November)

Characterized by moderate temperatures, low rainfalls with moderate humidity, as the

humidity again reduces after monsoon and low speed-winds.

Winter (mid-November to mid-March)

Characterized by very low temperatures, moderate rainfalls, with an increasing amount of

rainfall at the end of the winter, with relative humidity greater than post-monsoon

summer and moderate speed-winds.

Ambient Air Quality

The pollutants selected for evaluation, based on the expected emissions from the Project

activities and the level of risk to human health posed by these pollutants, are as follows:

Respirable particulate matter—Coarse (PM10) and Fine (PM2.5)

Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX)—Mainly Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and Nitric oxide

(NO)

The emission sources include,

Traffic: Combustion of petrol and diesel is a source of NOx and SO2 emissions

with diesel burnt in heavy transport vehicles is the main source of SO2. Vehicle

exhaust result in PM2.5 emissions whereas tire movement, especially on tracks and

unsealed road result in dust emissions (PM10 and PM2.5).


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xii

Wood/Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) burning: Wood burning and LPG are

used for cooking and heating. Due to the incomplete combustion in the primitive

stoves wood is a significant source of PM10, PM2.5 whereas combustion of LPG is

a significant source of NOx and both sources also results in SO2 emissions.

Based on the primary data collection and sample analysis, findings were:

The annual and 24-hour concentrations of SO2, NOx, NO2 and NO comply with

both the PEQS/NEQS and IF-EHS limits. This leaves a wide room to incorporate

emissions of the proposed Project. The maximum levels of NOx, NO2 and NO are

8.27, 4.78 and 3.49 µg/m3, respectively observed at A4 (Dobera village). The SO2

levels at all sites were below the LOR. NO2 and NO results were also very low

and at max 12 to 13% of the respective annual limits. This is because of a low

amount of sources of gaseous pollutants such as combustion from vehicle engines

and household stoves.

The 24-hour PM10 concentration comply with both the PEQS/NEQS and IFC-

EHS limits at all sampling locations. The reference location (A4), located at a

distance from the road and within a low density settlement, has the lowest PM10

concentrations (82.0 µg/m3). Nevertheless, the presence of dust at A4 shows that

there are natural sources of dust, such as windblown dust from barren mountains.

The 24-hour PM2.5 concentration is almost constant at about 40% of the PM10

concentration. The PM2.5 concentrations comply with the IFC 24-hour – interim

target 1 limits. However, due to the relatively more stringent NEQS and PEQS

standards for PM2.5, the concentration of PM2.5 exceeds the PEQS/NEQS at A1,

A2 and A3.

The highest readings of PM10 and PM2.5 were recorded at A1 (Sari Bandi village)

which is a settlement along the road.

Water Resources, Hydrology, Flows and Sediment

Water Resources

Water resources in the area consist of surface water including rivers and nullahs and

groundwater including mountain springs, and dug wells.

The Project reservoir and dam are located on the main Jhelum River. This

section describes the hydrology of the Jhelum River up to Mangla Reservoir. The

catchment up to Mangla Reservoir encompasses an area of approximately 33,461 km2

(55% of which lies within Indian Administered Kashmir). The catchment area up to the

dam site is 25,334 km2, which is 76% of the catchment area up to Mangla Dam.

The source of water of Jhelum River is both snowmelt and seasonal rainfalls. Within

Indian Administered Kashmir, the Jhelum River and its principal tributaries drain the Pir

Panjal Range and the southern slopes of the Higher Himalayas. The river flows through

the valley of Kashmir (alluvial plains) and enters Wular Lake, which significantly

attenuates the seasonal flood during summer. It then follows through a gorge across the

de facto border between India and Pakistan (the ‘Line of Control’ or ‘LoC’), and flows

generally northwest, to Muzaffarabad. At Muzaffarabad, the Jhelum River bends and runs

generally south towards Mangla Reservoir.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xiii

The major tributaries of the Jhelum River within the Mangla Dam catchment are the

Neelum, Kunhar, Kanshi and Poonch rivers. The Poonch and Kanshi rivers joins the

Jhelum River at Mangla Reservoir, and are not described here.

Flows and Hydrology

The Project Feasibility Study calculated the dam site flows for the period of 1970-2014

by using the combined flow records of Azad Pattan and Karot gauging stations. The

annual average flow at the dam site is 796 cubic meter per second (m3/s). Mean annual

flows during the time series show the minimum mean annual flow of 371 m³/s was

recorded in 2001 while the maximum mean annual flow of 1,140 m³/s observed in 1996.

The annual average suspended sediment is 1.1 kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3) and the

total annual bedload is 4,540,000 tons.

The hydrology at dam site is typical of Himalayan rivers, characterized by peak flows in

the month of May associated with melting of snow at higher elevations in the catchment,

followed by declining flows in the summer supported by monsoon rainfall and continuing

snowmelt in the months of July and August. The dry or low flow winter season typically

extends from October through February when the flows are reduced to the order of one

sixth of peak in the month of May. Failure of winter rains associated with westerly

systems can result in extreme lower flows, while unusual rain events in the catchments in

the monsoon season cause extreme floods that are known to cause significant damage to

infrastructure and property.

Community Water Supply Census

A hydro-census was carried out to map the community water resources for villages near

Project facilities. A 500 m buffer around the Project facilities that may need excavation

(including the dam and underground tunnels) was demarcated for the survey to account

for the distance to which the impact on ground water might possibly extend.

A total of 19 water resource infrastructure points (18 mountain springs and a single dug

well) were identified and characterized within the hydro-census area. The total number of

households relying on the springs within the area covered by the hydro-census is 140.

These springs are the sole potable water supply for the majority of households. 61% of

active water sources are used to supply drinking water and 89% of the springs are used

for livestock drinking water. This is in line with the socioeconomic surveys and

discussions during the surveys across the Study Area, where it was reported the drinking

water supply is largely, given some exceptions, from springs, and, given some

exceptions, the livestock do not typically venture close to the river to drink river water,

and are therefore, also reliant on spring water.

Water Quality

Water quality samples from Jhelum River, tributaries and community springs were

collected and analyzed for establishing baseline conditions for surface and groundwater.

Four samples were collected and analyzed from local water resources. These include one

from river, two from springs and one from a nullah. The findings were,

Surface water (W1 and W2) has a higher pH (8.19 to 8.21) whereas ground water

(W3 and W4) was close to normal (7.01 to 7.18) Ground water was close to


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xiv

normal values. All samples are therefore within the 6.0 to 9.0 pH range as

prescribed by the NEQS/PEQS for drinking water.

Surface water had high turbidity (209 to 270) whereas ground water turbidity is

less than 1 and compliant with standards for drinking water.

Aluminum was higher than NEQS in the surface water. High Aluminum levels

have been reported in the Jhelum River and tributaries in previous water quality

sampling as well. The higher values of Aluminum are likely naturally occurring

and can be attributed to higher colloidal particles in the surface water. All other

metals were either not detected or detected at quantitates within the NEQS/PEQS

for drinking water.

Other analyzed metals including Mercury were not detected or within

NEQS/PEQS if detected for drinking water standards.

All samples, including ground water springs that are used for drinking reported

bacterial contamination at levels not suitable for drinking.

Sediment

The planned Kohala HPP and under construction Neelum-Jhelum HPP located upstream

of the proposed Project, have small capacities for daily regulations and both will need

flushing measures for sediment evacuation. Therefore, the construction and operation of

the projects upstream of Mahl HPP will have limited impacts on sediment inflow to the

Project and as such it has been neglected while estimating the long-term sediment inflow

to the Project reservoir.

Suspended sediment into the reservoir was computed in the Feasibility Study using Azad

Pattan and Karot gauging station data for the period of record (1970 to 2014 except the

missing record of 1993) and data observed by SIDRI in 2015. Allowance for the

intermediate watershed area between the gauging stations and the dam site was made.

The computed average annual suspended sediment load at the Project dam site is 30.27

million tons with 77.84 and 3.62 million tons being the maximum and minimum during

the years 1992 and 2001, respectively. The suspended sediment concentration was

calculated to be 1.21 kg/m³ on average.

Noise Levels

Noise measurements were taken at four sites and readings were taken for 24 hours at each

site.

The daytime noise levels at the Project site are within the limit of 55 dbA. The nighttime

noise levels were measured between 50 and 62 dbA at night. This is above the nighttime

limit of 45 dBA. The reference location was the lowest during the hours between 9 am

and 5 pm demonstrating limited anthropogenic contributions to noise. However, at night

time an intense monsoon shower took place starting around 9 pm and building in

intensity up till midnight. The noise levels due to monsoon rainstorm were high and

peaked around 62 dbA.

The Jhelum River is a significant source of noise near the dam site. Noise levels at the

dam site were observed to level of between 50 and 55 dBA between the hours of 8 pm

and 6 am.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xv

Traffic

A traffic count was conducted on July 31, 2017 for 16-hour period (6 am to 10 pm) at

Sari Bandi (33° 57' 10.19" N, 73° 32' 46.23" E), on the both direction (to and away from

Project site) on the road route that will be used for the Project related transportation of

services during construction and operation of the Project. The keys findings were,

The hourly traffic volume can be observed that both directions have similar traffic

that peaks between 2 to 5 pm.

Overall very low level of traffic was observed at an average of about 11 vehicles

per hour, approximately 50% of which were bikes.

No trucks (of any size) were observed during the survey. Heavy transport vehicles

consisted entirely of buses (2 one in either direction), tractors and trailers.

Overview of Biodiversity Values

Aquatic Biodiversity

The main aspects of the aquatic biodiversity in the Aquatic Study Area include the fish

fauna, macro-invertebrates, and riparian vegetation.

Overview of Fish Fauna in Jhelum River

The long distance migratory species found in the Jhelum River and tributaries include

Alwan Snow Trout Schizothorax richadsonii and Mahaseer Tor putitora, as well as

Suckerhead Garra gotyla, Indus Garua Clupisoma garua and Pakistani Labeo Labeo

dyocheilus. They tend to migrate upstream in summers where water is cooler. The species

Nalbant’s Loach Schistura nalbanti, Stone Loach Schistura alepidota, Arif’s Loach

Shistura arifi and Flat Head Catfish Glyptothorax pectinopterus are also found in Jhelum

River and tributaries upstream and downstream of the proposed dam. Species of food

value in the area are Reba Carp Cirrhinus reba, Indus Garua, Pakistani Labeo, Alwan

Snow Trout and Mahaseer. Apart from these, Wild Common Carp Cyprinus carpio and

Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix are also commercially important species but

these are introduced.

At least a total of 36 species have been reported from the Jhelum River in the Aquatic

Study Area based on the surveys carried out in July and October 2017 as a part of this

study, July 2016 as a part of the Biodiversity Strategy for Jhelum Poonch River basin –

Preparatory Phase,2 April 2016 for the Environment and Social Impact Assessment of

Kohala Hydropower Project,3 Biodiversity Management Plan of Karot Hydropower

Project.4 The information was also collected from Dr Muhammad Rafique, a fish expert

with the Pakistan Museum of Natural History (PMNH). Out of these, five species are

long distance migratory while one species is endemic to the Jhelum Basin.

2 Hagler Bailly Pakistan, September 2016. Biodiversity Strategy for Jhelum Poonch River basin –

Preparatory Phase, for the International Finance Corporation, Washington D.C. 3 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Report of the 1,124 MW Kohala Hydropower

Project for Kohala Power Company (Pvt.) Limited, August 2016. 4 Biodiversity Management Plan of the Karot Hydropower Project for Karot Power Company (Pvt) Limited,

February 2017.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xvi

Migratory Fish Species

Based on the surveys carried out in July and October 2017, the Aquatic Study Area

contains five long distance migratory species, the Indus Garua, Suckerhead, Pakistani

Labeo, Alwan Snow Trout, and Mahaseer. Of these two species the Mahaseer and Alwan

Snow trout are of conservation importance based on the IUCN Red List 2017 as these are

listed as Endangered and Vulnerable respectively.

Mahaseer is a widely distributed species in south and southeast Asia, with a restricted

area of occupancy. However, the species is under severe threat from overfishing, loss of

habitat, decline in quality of habitat resulting in loss of breeding grounds, and from other

anthropogenic effects that have directly resulted in declines in harvest in several

locations. In addition, with several dams planned for construction in the future in the

Himalayan region, they could have a more drastic effect on tor populations blocking their

migrations and affecting their breeding.5 A total of 11 specimens of the species were

observed during the July 2017 surveys in both the main river and tributaries while no

Mahaseer specimen was captured during October 2017. A map showing the range of the

species is provided in Exhibit III.

Endemic Fish Species

There is one fish species endemic to the Jhelum Basin, found in the Aquatic Study Area

the Nalbant’s Loach. The range for this species is shown in Exhibit IV. It prefers shallow

water, mainly riffle habitat in tributaries. Damming will alter its habitat irreversibly

causing drastic population declines. However, a Critical Habitat Assessment, carried out

as part of the Ecology Baseline, determined that the Project is not located in Critical

Habitat based on the population of this endemic species in the Discrete Management Unit

(DMU) defined for the Critical Habitat Assessment of the Project, which includes the

Aquatic Study Area. During the surveys carried out in July and October 2017, a total of

57 specimens of the Nalbant’s Loach were observed in the tributaries within the Aquatic

Study Area.

5 Jha, B.R. & Rayamajhi, A. 2010. Tor putitora. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010:

e.T166645A6254146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166645A6254146.en. Downloaded on 14 August 2017.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166645A6254146.en

http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-4.RLTS.T166645A6254146.en


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xvii

Exhibit III: Range of the Mahaseer


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xviii

Exhibit IV: Range of the Nalbant’s Loach


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xix

Macro-invertebrates

Based on surveys carried out for the ESIA the most abundant macro-invertebrate taxa

reported include Baetis sp. followed by Chironomidae sp. Abundance was found to be

highest upstream of the dam site, at the confluence of the Jhelum River with Khad I

Nullah. Species richness was highest downstream of the dam site. The expert stated that

the abundance of more pollution tolerant genera is low because of the absence of industry

discharging into this stretch as well as the fast flow of the river during the summer

season.

Riparian Vegetation

The dominant plant species in the riparian zone include Dalbergia sissoo, Nerium

oleander and Mallotus philippensis. Vegetation cover was reported as ranging between

2.29% and 1.73%, average plant count was 18.5 and floral diversity was reported as 4.58

species per Sampling Location. One of the dominant plant species in the Riparian zone is

the invasive species Nerium oleander.

Periphyton Biomass

Based on the surveys carried out in July 2017 as part of the ESIA, average ash free dry

weight (AFDW) of periphyton was found to be higher upstream at the dam than

downstream. The habitat at locations upstream and downstream of the dam was unstable

and disturbed by human activities, therefore. During the summer the habitat is less

suitable for accumulation of periphyton biomass as compared to the winter. During

winter the flow of water is lower and more debris accumulates which provides anchorage

for the periphyton.

Terrestrial Biodiversity

Terrestrial Flora

This area is mountainous and the Terrestrial Study Area has an elevation range of 524 m

to 1,312 m. A total of 26 plant species were identified in the surveys carried out. None of

the species observed are on the IUCN Red List or are globally/nationally threatened

species, endemic species or protected species. The locals are dependent on the plants for

numerous uses, some of which include food sources, medicinal products, fodder and fuel.

Mammals

A number of mammal species have been reported within the wider area of the Project.

These include Common Leopard Panthera pardus, Leopard Cat Prionailurus

bergalensis, Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphrodites, Small Asian Mangoose

Herpestes javanicus, Stoat Mustela ermine, Yellow-throated Marten Martes flavigula,

Asiatic Jackal Canis aureus, Common Red Fox Vulpes vulpes, Indian Pangolin Manis

crassicaudata, Rhesus Monkey Macaca mulatta, Indian Crested Porcupine Hystrix indica

and Small Kashmir Flying Squirrel Hylopetes fimbriatus. No small mammals were

trapped during the surveys carried out as part of the ESIA. During the July 2017 Survey

no mammal species of conservation importance were observed in the Terrestrial Study

Area.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xx

Avifauna

A total of 44 species of birds were observed during surveys carried out as part of the

ESIA. Highest abundance and species diversity were found at Sampling Locations

located in Pine Forest habitat type. Abundant bird species include Black Bulbul, Grey

Hooded Warbler, Little Egret and Himalayan Bulbul.

None of the bird species observed are of conservation importance based on the IUCN

Red List of Species.

Herpetofauna

A total of eight species of reptiles and amphibians were observed during the surveys

carried out as part of the ESIA. The highest abundance and density was observed in

Agricultural Area habitat, while the highest species diversity was observed in Scrub

Forest and Agricultural Area habitat. None of the species observed are of conservation

importance based on the IUCN Red List of Species. However, one of the observed

species is found on the CITES Species Appendices, the Bengal Monitor Lizard Varanus

bengalensis (I).

Overview of Socioeconomic Environment

Rural settlement surveys were undertaken in selected settlements with river dependence

or within 1 km of Project facilities. Detailed interviews were conducted with key

informants to gather information on each settlement’s social and economic setup, with

focus on infrastructure and livelihoods. Key physical and socioeconomic features of the

Study Area are illustrated by the photographs in Exhibit V.

Exhibit V: Physical and Socioeconomic Features of the Study Area

Agricultural Fields Adjacent to the River Transport in the Study Area


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxi

School Going Children in the Study Area Sediment mining at Barsala

Rain Water Storage at Nammal Dispensary in the Study Area

A total of 42 settlements were surveyed during the field work, ranging in size from seven

households to 21 households. The estimated number of total households in the surveyed

settlements in all zones is 8,762. The average household size of the surveyed settlements

is 6.9 and varies from 9.1.

People in the pastoral communities within the Socioeconomic Study Area have a trend of

seasonal migration, with one home close to the river and one at higher elevations. These

communities move their livestock herds to higher elevations in the mountains for grazing

during the summer. Migration both into and out of the Socioeconomic Study Area was

recorded in many settlements all over the Study Area. Income and employment

opportunities and education are the most common reasons that households migrate.

People from eight different casts are resident in the Socioeconomic Study Area, with

Abbasis and Sattis being the biggest groups. The predominant language spoken is Pahari,

with Urdu as the main secondary language.

There is a high level of school enrolment for both boys and girls although the dropout

rate before college is also high.

Most parts of the Socioeconomic Study Area have access to basic health facilities, such

as pharmacies, lady health visitors/workers and dispensaries. No disease was reported as

an epidemic, and as expected, the most common illness reported in the adult male and


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxii

female populations was flu/fever. Other illnesses reported included dysentery, diabetes

and jaundice.

The settlements situated on the left bank of Jhelum River in the Socioeconomic Study

Area are well connected as there is a road running along the river for its entire length in

the area. Communities residing in some parts of the right bank are less well connected,

however suspension bridges and unsealed roads do connect them to major roads.

All surveyed settlements reported having access to a public potable water supply system

consisting of a central water storage system, where water collects from a mountain spring

and is supplied to the community via a pipeline up to a central point in the community.

Most surveyed settlements also reported having access to spring water at relatively short

distances.

None of the settlements surveyed in the Socioeconomic Study Area are connected to a

municipal sewage system. Human waste in some parts of the Study Area is disposed of in

septic tanks, however in most parts all wastewater eventually runs off into the Jhelum

River. Most settlements surveyed reported access to pit latrines of some type.

The three major fuel sources in the Socioeconomic Study Area include electricity,

fuelwood and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Natural gas is not supplied in the area.

Very few of the settlements are connected to the country’s landline telephone network,

however all of the area does receive a mobile phone signal.

The Socioeconomic Study Area and surroundings are generally peaceful, and there are no

major law and order problems reported. Most of the Study Area has police presence in

the form of police stations or check posts on major roads.

There is easy access to banks and markets in most of the Study Area. Small shops selling

groceries can be found in most settlements.

Around 30-37% of the total employable population is reported as being employed while

33-41% are unemployed. The remaining are students, retired and others such as labor and

small business operators.

The major sources of income are agriculture and livestock, while other significant

livelihoods include wage labor, government service, work for private businesses and

work as skilled artisans. A significant portion of households in the Socioeconomic Study

Area earn less than PKR 18,500, and can therefore be considered impoverished.

The average landholding size in all settlements is small, ranging from 1.71 to 4.67 kanals

per household in different parts of the Study Area. The main crops grown in the Study

Area are wheat and maize. Both these crops are cultivated both in the summer and in

winter in most zones. Most agricultural land is rain fed although small areas may be

irrigated using stream water. The agricultural economy is both subsistence and

commercial in nature. Almost all people either own farmland, or have access to it as

share croppers, and produce is partly consumed and partly sold as a source of income.

Livestock commonly owned include bullocks/buffalos, cows, goats, donkeys and a small

number of horses. Livestock owners often engage herders to rear goats, whereas poultry,

cows and buffalo are reared at home.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxiii

River dependent socioeconomic activities in the Socioeconomic Study Area were found

to be quite limited.

Sediment mining is carried out to some extent throughout the Study Area. The mineable

sediment resource is being extracted to meet small-scale construction demand, involving

construction and maintenance of local residential and commercial buildings as well as for

roads. The mining techniques are crude, involving use of labor for dredging. The mining

operations are of different sizes. Small- and medium-scale operations are typically family

businesses, and land on the river bank, in most of the cases, is also owned by the same

family, although in some cases the land may be rented. Income from sediment mining, as

a percentage of total income in the area is low (4.44% in Zone 4 being the highest).

There is limited fishing activity in the Study Area. Some of the fish caught is consumed

by the families engaged in fishing while the rest is sold locally on a small scale. The

fishing season lasts around six months through the year, depending on the fish species

caught.

Fuel wood is the main source of energy for domestic cooking and heating. Respondents

reported that fuel wood is either collected from agricultural land, or dead, fallen trees in

the forests are used. There is limited dependence on driftwood collected from the

riverbanks as source of fuel wood.

There is very little tourism in the Socioeconomic Study Area and recreational dependence

on the river was reportedly low in all the zones. During the survey the respondents did

not cite riverside fishing, boating or picnics as a major recreational activity or source of

income.

Environmental Flow Assessment and Impacts on Aquatic Ecology

The assessment of impact on aquatic ecology presented in the report provides predictions

for changes in fish populations due to the Project associated with the barrier created by

the dam, and change in flow conditions in the Jhelum River. The assessment also takes

into account other anthropogenic factors such as harvesting of fish and sediment from the

river system that contribute to degradation of aquatic ecosystems and hence fish

populations in parallel. Given the dynamic nature of changes caused by both the Project

and non-Project related pressures, holistic assessment methodologies already tested in the

Jhelum Basin were adopted that provide a time series forecast of changes, as opposed to a

snap-shot prediction of post Project conditions.

The predictions presented in the report are for a selected set of fish species that represent

the range of fish species occurring in the river and tributary system that will be impacted

in terms of behavior and response to changes imposed by the Project. The changes in fish

populations incorporate and reflect the impacts of changes in other ecosystem indicators,

and were therefore considered relevant for discussion in this section.

Baseline Scenario

The baseline for the Project considers the Kohala HPP, Neelum-Jhelum HPP, and Karot

HPP. It also models the decrease in fish populations due to degradation of the aquatic

environment due to anthropogenic factors and increase due to protection from the


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxiv

Biodiversity Management/Action Plans of the approved projects and any changes to the

hydrology and connectivity due to these projects.

Environmental Flow Release Scenario

Environmental flow (EFlow), or flow that has to be released from the dam to meet the

requirements of the aquatic ecosystem, is generally of concern when the power house is

located at a distance from the dam, which can result in an extended stretch of river drying

up. In the case of Mahl HPP the power house is located at the toe of the dam and the

reservoir of the planned Azad Pattan HPP will start immediately downstream of the Mahl

Dam. As a result there will be no low flow section and therefore no section over which to

maintain flowing conditions. Release of environmental flow for this Project is not

recommended.

Protection Scenario

The EFlow assessment considers protection of the aquatic habitat as described in the

BMP for the Project.

Results and Conclusions

Exhibit VI presents a summary of weighted change of fish populations in the AoI.

Overall:

The Suckerhead is resilient to flow changes and also not as affected by human

pressures. However, inundation of the Jhelum River will result in a loss of a

significant population of this fish which will not be fully offset by protection in

the tributaries. Over all its population is predicted to decrease by 10% in the AoI.

In the baseline, the Alwan Snow Trout would have been lost in the Jhelum River

prior to the operation of the Project due to impacts of peaking releases by

hydropower projects located upstream, and poor protection under the Business as

Usual protection. The Project itself even with Protection Level 2 will therefore

not benefit this fish. This fish, however, will benefit from the protection to be put

in place by the Project in the tributaries, and its overall population in the AoI is

predicted to increase by 19%.

The population of Pakistani Labeo will not change significantly in comparison to

the baseline levels. The impact of the Project on populations of this species in the

main river will be balanced by protection of the fish and their habitats under the

Project in the tributaries through implementation of the BMP.

The population of the Nalbant Loach in the AoI is expected to increase by 31%

since the inundation of the river habitat will be offset by the benefit from

protection in the tributaries. Protection in the Nullahs will benefit this small fish,

mainly due to control on sediment mining and non-selective fishing pressures.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxv

Exhibit VI: Weighted Average Change in Population over Baseline

Fish Species Weighted Change in Population over Baseline

Suckerhead -10%

Alwan Snow Trout 19%

Pakistani Labeo 3%

Nalbant Loach 31%

Study of Alternatives

No Project Option

AJK and Pakistan are going through an acute power shortage. The gap between supply

and demand has crossed 5,000 MW. The proposed Project will supply the much needed

power to reduce the current gap. Environmentally, this Project will contribute towards

improving the air quality as in the long run it will displace fossil fuels used in power

generation. The Project also aims to protect fish fauna in the Jhelum River and its

tributaries to achieve improvement in fish populations for fish species of conservation

importance. A Biodiversity Management Plan has been prepared and will be

implemented as a part of the Project to achieve this objective. Therefore the ‘no project’

option will have a negative impact on the economy as well as on the environment in the

Jhelum River.

Alternative Technologies and Scale for Power Generation

The alternatives to the proposed run-of-the-river (RoR) hydropower project include

power generation from LNG/imported natural gas based combined cycle gas turbines

(CCGTs), coal fired steam plants, and fuel oil based diesel engines. In addition, other

technologies such as nuclear, and wind and solar renewable energy power plants could

also be considered as alternatives. An analysis of the life cycle average cost of generation

shows that cost of power generation for the proposed large size run of river (RoR)

hydropower project is presently comparable to that for LNG and coal based options. Cost

of power generation for the large hydropower projects is also presently lower than that

for wind energy and solar PV projects where power generation is intermittent and

weather dependent.

Project Impacts

During the scoping stage of the ESIA process, several potential environmental and social

impacts of the project were identified. The baseline surveys were conducted keeping in

consideration the potential impacts. The potential environmental and social impacts were

evaluated based on consideration. A summary of Project impacts is presented in

Exhibit VII.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxvi

Exhibit VII: Summary of Significant Impacts

ID Aspect Impact Phase Stage Magnitude Timeframe Spatial Scale Consequence Probability Significance +/-

1 Aquatic Ecology

Loss of riverine ecosystem due to inundation by Project Reservoir

C, O Init Major Long Term Intermediate High Definite High -

Res Major Long Term Intermediate High Definite High -

2 Aquatic Ecology

Change in the Ecological Integrity of the Tributaries through implementation of the BMP (see Volume 4 of the ESIA)

C, O Init Moderate Long Term Extensive High Definite High +

Res Moderate Long Term Extensive High Definite High +

5 Terrestrial Ecology

Project operation leading to animal disturbance, displacement and decline.

O Init Minor Long Term Small Medium Possible Medium -

Res Minor Long Term Small Low Possible Low -

6 Ambient Air Quality

Increase in ambient concentration of particulate matter from construction activities and vehicular movement may have health consequences for the community.

C Init Moderate Short Term Intermediate Medium Possible Medium -

Res Minor Short Term Intermediate Low Possible Low -

7 Vibration from blasting

Vibration from blasting during the construction phase may disturb local communities.


Res Minor Medium Term

Small Low Possible Low -

8 Hazards of Fly Rock from Blasting

Blasting may pose a safety hazard due to flying debris.

C Init Major Short Term Intermediate Medium Possible Medium -

Res Minor Short Term Small Low Possible Low -

9 Construction Nosie

Increase in ambient noise levels due to operation of construction equipment, movement of construction traffic and blasting may create nuisance for nearby communities and visiting tourists.



10 Water Availability and Quality

Alterations of natural passage of springs due to tunnel construction may disrupt the water availability at mountain springs for local community.

C Init Major Long Term Intermediate High Possible High -

Res Minor Medium Term

Intermediate Low Possible Low -


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxvii


11 Water Availability and Quality

Use of local water resources for construction activities may reduce the water availability for local communities.


Res Minor Short Term Small Low Unlikely Low -

13 Soil, Topography and Land Stability

Contamination of soil as a result of accidental release of solvents, oils and lubricants can degrade soil fertility and agricultural productivity.

C Init Moderate Medium Small Medium Possible Medium -

Res Minor Medium Small Low Unlikely Low -


Land clearing, excavation, tunnel boring and other construction activities may loosen the top soil in the Project area resulting in loss of soil and possible acceleration of soil erosion and land sliding, especially in the wet season.

C Init Moderate Medium Term

Intermediate Medium Definite Medium -



Increased erosion and sediment load entering river from bunds and sediment ponds during the construction phase and as a consequence of failure of spoil dumping sites.

C, O Init Moderate Long Term Intermediate High Possible High -

Res Moderate Medium Term

Intermediate Medium Unlikely Low -

21 Traffic and Road

Increased risk to community safety due to increased traffic during the construction phase near communities.

C Init Major Short Term Small Medium Possible Medium -


23 Livelihood and Well-being

Direct, indirect and induced employment at the local level, resulting in increased prosperity and wellbeing due to higher and more stable incomes of people.

C, O Init Minor Long term Extensive Medium Possible Medium +

Res Moderate Long term Extensive High Definite High +


Increase in the stock of skilled human capital due to transfer of knowledge and skill under the Project resulting in enhanced productivity of local labor.

C, O Init Minor Long term Intermediate Medium Possible Medium +

Res Moderate Long term Extensive High Possible High +


Loss of income from sediment mining due to inundation and changes in the pattern of sediment deposition following construction of the dam.

O Init Major Long term Extensive High Definite High -

Res Minor Medium Small Low Possible Low -


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxviii



Loss of assets and livelihood as a result of land acquired for the Project.

D, C Init Major Long term Extensive High Definite High -

Res Minor Medium Small Low Possible Low -

28 Socio-Cultural Impacts

Increase in population due to in-migration of job seekers (in-migrants) leading to pressure on existing social infrastructure and services in the Study Area.

C Init Moderate Medium Intermediate Medium Possible Medium -

Res Minor Medium Intermediate Low Possible Low -


Disputes over the distribution of Project employment within and between Study Area inhabitants and the in-migrants resulting in social unrest.

C Init Moderate Medium Intermediate Medium Possible Medium -

Res Minor Short term Intermediate Low Possible Low -


Submergence of graveyards. C Init Moderate Medium Intermediate Medium Possible Medium -

Res Minor Short term Intermediate Low Possible Low -

34 Climate Change

Occurrence of an increase in extreme events (e.g. increase of PMP or extreme events is likely, with medium confidence, under future climate scenarios; however extremes events themselves are very unlikely), that the dam is not designed to withhold, leading to catastrophic dam failure and potential damage to property and loss of life downstream.

O Init Major Short term Extensive High Definite High -

Res Moderate Short term Extensive Medium Possible Medium -

C: Construction (and pre-Construction); O: Operation; Init: Initial; Res: Residual; Duration: Short (less than four years), Long (beyond the life of the Project)

Frequency: High (more than 10 times a year), Low (less than once a year)


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxix

Cumulative Impact Assessment

The methodology used for the CIA of Mahl HPP has been adapted from the guidelines of

the International Finance Corporation. The study area selected for the CIA (CIA Study

Area) includes the Jhelum River from Wular Lake in Indian Administered Kashmir

(IAK) downstream to the top of Mangla Reservoir. It also includes a segment of Neelum

River downstream of Neelum Jhelum HPP, and a segment of Kunhar River downstream

of Patrind Dam. The temporal scope of the CIA spans a period of 31 years up till the year

2050.

Priority VECs were identified through an Ecosystem Services Review and from

ecological studies. The ecosystem services and biodiversity values identified as important

were combined to develop a list of prioritized VECs for the purpose of this study. The

prioritized VECs for this CIA are:

River ecology with emphasis on fish fauna

Sediment mining

Impact on Fish Fauna

Three environmental management scenarios were considered when assessing the impact

on fish fauna in the CIA Study Area.

A ‘Business as Usual’ (BAU) scenario, which predicts the health of the river ecosystem

in the absence of any additional dams (both planned and under construction) but with

present day non-flow pressures maintained at Business as Usual levels.

A ‘Baseline Management’ (BM) scenario consistent with peaking operation of Azad

Pattan HPP, Neelum Jhelum HPP, Patrind HPP, Mahl HPP and Chakoti Hattian HPP,

Kohala HPP operating with an EFlow of 30 m3/s, Karot HPP operating with non-peaking

baseload operation, application of Protection Level 3 in the area of management for the

BAP of Kohala HPP, application of Protection Level 2 in the areas of management for

the BAP/BMPs of Mahl, Azad Pattan and Karot HPPs. For the remaining projects, it was

assumed that current policies, regulatory and management practices being applied in the

CIA Study Area will continue until 2050.

An ‘Enhanced Management’ (EM) scenario includes the impact of the seven dams with

additional management measures including protection and management in IAK, not

constructing Chakoti Hattian HPP, maintaining offset for Kashmir Catfish upstream of

Kohala Reservoir, operating Patrind HPP at baseload, Protection Level 2 in the Neelum

River downstream of the Neelum Jhelum HPP dam to the Jhelum River confluence,

Protection Level 2 in the Kunhar River downstream of the Patrind Dam to the Jhelum

River confluence.

The likely cumulative impacts on three indicator fish species are described in the

following sections.

Mahaseer

In the BAU scenario, the Mahaseer populations reduce by 50-60% of Present Day

populations due to human pressures, mainly fishing.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxx

The Baseline Management scenario representing the impact of all dams results in a

reduction of up to 100% of Present Day populations upstream of the Karot Reservoir due

to the compounding effects of the dams (peaking and submergence) and human impacts.

There is a less severe 40% decline downstream of Karot dam, the impacts mitigated by

baseload operations coupled with protection. Additionally, protection applied in the areas

of management of Azad Pattan and Karot HPPs results in a population increase of

30-40% in Mahl River and other major tributaries flowing into the main river.

Alwan Snow Trout

The Alwan Snow Trout faces heavy selective fishing pressures, resulting in 70-100%

declines predicted throughout the river under the BAU scenario.

Under the BM scenario, the expected impact of all dams results in 90-100% declines in

most of the river. Downstream of Kohala there is a limited 50% decline, due to benefits

of the Eflow released from Kohala Dam and increased protection under the Kohala BAP.

Protection in this area also results in an increase in populations by 10% in tributaries

draining into the Kohala Reservoir. Further downstream protection applied to the Mahl

and Azad Pattan areas of management results in a population increase of 20% in Mahl

River and a small 10% decline in other tributaries flowing into the Mahl and Azad Pattan

Reservoirs, which is a significant improvement over the BAU scenario.

Under Enhanced Management the Chakothi Hattian HPP is not constructed and

Protection Level 3 is applied from the Kohala Reservoir up to the Uri I tailrace, resulting

in a 10% increase in the stretch from Kohala Reservoir up until the Uri II tailrace.

Operating Patrind HPP at baseload results in a smaller 20% decline in the population

between the Patrind tailrace and the start of Mahl Reservoir. Protection applied to the

Neelum River downstream of the Neelum Jhelum Dam until the Jhelum confluence

results in a 20% population increase in this stretch of river. Protection applied to the

Kunhar River downstream of Patrind Dam to the Jhelum confluence also results in a 20%

population increase in this stretch of Kunhar River.

Nalbant’s Loach

Under BAU Nalbant’s Loach populations are expected to eventually decrease by 50% in

most stretches of river. Upstream of the line of control the population will decline by

100% in some stretches due to submergence by existing dams.

With the addition of dams under BM, the Nalbant’s Loach population declines by 50-

100% in additional stretches affected by submergence and altered flow. In some sections

downstream of Kohala dam the Eflow plus improved protection results in populations

remaining at their current level. Between the Karot tailrace and Mangla Reservoir, a

combination of baseload operation of Karot HPP plus protection under the Karot BMP

results in a 10% increase in the Nalbant’s Loach population in this stretch of Jhelum

River. Protection Level 3 under the Kohala BAP results in a 30% increase in populations

in tributaries draining into Kohala Reservoir. Protection Level 2 in the Mahl, Azad Pattan

and Karot areas of management result in limited declines of 10% in most tributaries

draining into the Mahl, Azad Pattan and Karot reservoirs, and the conservation of current

population levels in the Mahl River. This is an improvement over the declines of 30-50%

predicted under BAU.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxxi

Under EM there are gains of 30% in stretches of river upstream of Kohala reservoir.

Further downstream, between the Neelum confluence and Mahl reservoir Present Day

populations are maintained. Protection in the Neelum and Kunhar rivers downstream of

Neelum Jhelum and Patrind Dams also preserves the Nalbant’s Loach population at

current levels despite the diversions in flow in these rivers. Populations in tributaries of

the Neelum River decline by a limited 10%, a significant improvement over the 50%

decline predicted under BAU.

Overall Impact on Ecosystem Integrity

The cumulative impact of the proposed HPPs on the overall ecosystem condition and

integrity of the Jhelum River was studied, and categories used to describe the Jhelum

River’s Present Ecological State are based on modification from the natural (see

Exhibit VIII). The Jhelum River is by no means an undisturbed system and the Present

Day river condition downstream of the LoC up till Muzaffarabad was rated as Category

B/C (expected to deteriorate to a D under BAU) and as C/D downstream of Muzaffarabad

till the Mangla Reservoir (expected to deteriorate to D and D/E under BAU).

Exhibit VIII: Definitions of the Present Ecological State (PES) Categories

A Unmodified, natural

As close as possible to natural conditions.

B Largely natural Modified from the original natural condition but not sufficiently to have

produced measurable change in the nature and functioning of the ecosystem/community.

C Moderately modified

Changed from the original condition sufficiently to have measurably altered the nature and functioning of the ecosystem/community, although the difference may not be obvious to a casual observer.

D Largely modified

Sufficiently altered from the original natural condition for obvious impacts on the nature and functioning of the ecosystem/community to have occurred.

E&F Completely modified

Important aspects of the original nature and functioning of the ecosystem community are no longer present. The area is heavily negatively impacted by human interventions.

A weighted average score for the CIA Study Area was calculated on the basis of the score

for ecological integrity in each segment of the river and length of the segment. The

stretch of the river upstream of the LoC was excluded from this analysis as the

developers in AJK have no influence over management of river ecology in that stretch.

Exhibit IX illustrates the calculated changes in overall ecosystem integrity for the CIA

Study Area with sequential implementation of the HPPs.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxxii

Exhibit IX: Predicted Ecosystem Integrity in the CIA Study Area

with Sequential Implementation of Hydropower Projects

1. Starting with a 2013 score of 60% corresponding to ecosystem integrity of C, the

ecosystem integrity deteriorates to D or a score of about 40% under the BAU

scenario without the construction of new dams. This deterioration is due to poor

protection and increasing pressures on the ecosystem, mainly fishing, sediment

mining, and deterioration in water quality over time.

2. With the construction of the Neelum Jhelum and Patrind HPPs, which have no

protection built into their management plans, the score drops further to 37% (D/E)

due to the added impact of the projects.

3. The Karot and Kohala HPPs have protection built into their BMP/BAPs, which

compensates for their impacts and improves the ecosystem integrity score to 39%,

taking it closer to D again.

4. The Mahl and Azad Pattan HPPs, also with protection built into their BMPs

further increase the ecosystem integrity scores to 41% or a D.

5. The Chakothi-Hattian project slightly reverses the gains achieved by the previous

projects, and takes the score back to about the same level as the Business as Usual

case.

6. Finally, with implementation of the Enhanced Management scenario, the

ecosystem integrity can be improved to a score of about 45%, corresponding to

ecological integrity of low C, which is better than the 40% or D predicted under

the BAU scenario.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxxiii

Livelihoods Related to Sediment Mining

Availability of sediment for mining is very likely to decrease in the near term as

additional HPPs are built, and patterns of deposition of the sediment will also change

following construction of dams. The total quantity of sediment being mined from the

Jhelum River is estimated at 0.8 million tonnes/year. Given a total bed load sediment

flow of 4.97 million tonnes/year which is close to the downstream end of the CIA Study

Area, present demand for sediment is estimated at 16% of the sediment available in the

upstream reaches of the river and tributaries. The availability of sediment for meeting the

demand of the communities is therefore not likely to be an issue for the foreseeable

future. Preparation and implementation of sediment mining guidelines is included in the

BAP/BMPs of HPPs in the Jhelum Basin.

Management Strategy and Measures

This CIA recommends basin wide measures that are important for the protection of

biodiversity in the long term. These include:

Actions to be taken collectively by the hydropower industry and the government

to ensure the protection of aquatic biodiversity in the long term, and

Actions that the government can take to further enhance the status of biodiversity

in the segment of the Jhelum River that is directly impacted by the Project.

The following is a summary of these actions:

Establishment of an Institute for Research on River Ecology: The CIA recommends

research and development for selection and installation of fish passages suited to local

species, river conditions, and dam designs, captive breeding and restocking of fish of

conservation importance that are impacted by hydropower projects, assessment of

impacts on river biodiversity at sub-basin level, use of environmental flow models such

as DRIFT to assess cumulative impacts of hydropower projects, and genetic studies to

determine and mitigate risk of in-breeding caused by barriers created by dams. The

proposed institute will help the project owners in maintaining ecological databases and

research and analysis capabilities that will benefit them individually by lowering their

environmental management costs.

Establishment of Watershed Management Program: The Watershed Management

Program (WMP) will primarily focus on improvement of water quality in the basin that is

critical for protection of biodiversity in the long term. The institutional and financial

model for setting up watershed management institutions will be similar to that proposed

for the Institute for Research on River Ecology. The support provided by project owners

in this case, however, will be limited, as additional support and resources will be

mobilized from the participating government departments which will include forests,

wildlife, agriculture, and irrigation. Action areas recommended in the CIA include land

use management and reforestation to reduce erosion and risk of landslides and to meet

community needs for fuel wood and timber, management of water use, and control of

water quality.

Actions and Measures that the Governments can take to Protect and Enhance the

Biodiversity in the Jhelum Basin: Specific actions recommended in the CIA that will

directly benefit the biodiversity in the area of impact and are in the purview of the


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxxiv

government include requirement for future projects in the basin to achieve Net Gain in

population of key fish species. In addition to this, where technically and economically

feasible, HPP projects should be operated at baseload to avoid the impact of peaking

operations on the river.

The Biodiversity Management Plan

The Jhelum River and its tributaries in the Area of Management provide habitat for a

number of fish species including some fish of conservation importance. These include

Alwan Snow Trout, Suckerhead and Pakistani Labeo which are long distance migratory

fish and the, Nalbant's Loach which is a fish endemic to the Jhelum basin. Even though

the Mahaseer and Indus Garua are also fish species of concern reported from the Area of

Management, their population in the Area of Management is very small. Therefore, they

have not been selected as indicators for the BMP. Project construction and operation are

likely to have a detrimental impact on the ecological resources of the Jhelum River.

However, this loss can be compensated and offset by implementing a protection program

to reduce the non-flow related pressures on the ecological resources. This BMP has

therefore been developed to protect the valuable ecological resources of the Jhelum River

and its tributaries which will be impacted by the Project.

Objectives of the BMP

This BMP includes a set of actions for the conservation and enhancement of biodiversity

in an area where biodiversity will be directly impacted by the Project. Specific objectives

of the BMP are to ensure that the Project:

Implements the mitigation and monitoring of biodiversity as proposed in the

ESIA, and as refined and/or modified by the BMP itself

Complies with national legislation and policy requirements (Section 2,

Regulatory and Institutional Framework)

Complies with lender and other international requirements as specified by IFC’s

Performance Standard 6 and ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009

Addresses the concerns and expectations of the stakeholders (Section 3, Summary

of Stakeholder Consultations)

Implements best practice and sustainable solutions

This BMP also includes basin wide measures for protection of biodiversity recommended

in the Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) of the Project that are important for the

protection of biodiversity in the long term. These include the establishment of an Institute

for Research on River Ecology, establishment of a Watershed Management Program, and

actions and measures that the Governments can take to protect and enhance the

biodiversity in the Jhelum Basin.

Protection of terrestrial ecological resources has not been included in the BMP. This is

because as discussed in the ESIA, Project impacts on terrestrial species are not likely to

be significant. Therefore, actions in the BMP related to terrestrial habitats have been

limited to provisions for development of management plans for the protected areas falling

in the Area of Management.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxxv

Spatial and Temporal Scope of the Biodiversity Management Plan

The selection of spatial scope of the BMP has been defined to incorporate an area where

biodiversity will be directly impacted by the Project. It includes the Mahl HPP (Project)

as well as the Project reservoir downstream of the tailrace of the Kohala Hydropower

Project. Major tributaries Kaner Nullah in KP, Khad 1 Nullah in Punjab as well as Erin

Nullah in AJK are also included in the Area of Management. This area, called the Area of

Management (AoM) is shown in Exhibit X. The BMP will remain in effect through the

life of the Project inclusive of construction and operation of the Project, until the dam is

decommissioned and removed.

Protection of terrestrial ecological resources in the Area of Management has not been

included in the BMP. As discussed in the ESIA, Project construction and operation

impacts on terrestrial mammal, bird, reptile, and amphibian species are not likely to be

significant. Actions in the BMP related to terrestrial habitats have therefore been limited

to provisions for development of management plans for the protected areas falling in the

Area of Management.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxxvi

Exhibit X: Spatial and Temporal Scope of BMP


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxxvii

Proposed Conservation Measures

The strategy and approach used for protecting the biodiversity includes the following:

Setting up an effective and efficient watch and ward system that will help to

reduce the existing anthropogenic pressures in the Area of Management

(including the main Jhelum River and tributaries) which is central to keeping the

integrity of the Area of Management of the BMP intact. This will:

curtail illegal fishing including non-selective fishing, fishing in breeding

season of fish, fishing in river tributaries.

regulate sediment mining to maintain it at sustainable levels and prevent

sediment mining from ecologically sensitive locations.

Promote environmental awareness among the local communities and engage them

in protecting the ecological resources

Institutional strengthening of custodian government departments

Control of Illegal Fishing

The following measures will be implemented by the AJK Fisheries and Wildlife

Department (AJKFWD), Punjab Fisheries Department (PFD) as well as KP Wildlife

and/or KP Fisheries Department with support from MPCL for conserving the fish

populations of the Jhelum River.

Non-selective fishing using fine mesh gill nets, poisons and dynamites will be

completely controlled in the entire stretch of the Jhelum River.

Fishing in the tributaries that are breeding grounds of fish will not be permitted.

Fishing during the breeding season of the fish (May – August) will not be

permitted.

Commercial fishing will not be allowed either in the river and its tributaries or in

the reservoir.

The above rules and regulations will be strictly implemented with an efficient and

effective watch and ward system.

To compensate for loss in fishing incomes, subsistence fishing using rods and cast

nets with limited weights will be allowed through a permitting system.

Angling will be allowed to attract visitors and develop the educational and

recreational value of the reservoir when the fish populations have recovered.

Fish Passage

At Mahl Hydropower Project, even if a fish channel is constructed, it will be challenging

for fish to negotiate due to the dam height of 88.4 m. Further investigations and research

to address barrier related impacts on fish will be carried out by the Institute for Research

on River Ecology (Section 6.6). If a suitable mitigation measure or structure to assist fish

passage across the dam is identified, this will be adopted, subject to approval of

associated costs in the tariff by NEPRA.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxxviii

Regulation of Sand and Gravel Mining

Sediment mining will only be allowed in designated areas and banned from ecologically

sensitive areas such as habitat of fish of conservation importance, and fish breeding

locations in tributaries. Guidelines for Management of Sediment Mining to ensure that

sustainable practices are established will be prepared and implemented as a part of the

BMP.

Awareness among Local Communities

An Awareness and Education Program will be initiated to inform and educate the local

communities about the importance of the biological resources of the area and actions

required for their protection.

Human Resources for Management of Aquatic Biodiversity

As part of the BMP, MPCL will provide funds to support an improved watch and ward

system within the Area of Management. This will include construction of field offices,

hiring of additional staff members (watchers), and necessary equipment and facilities.

Mining inspectors will be hired to prevent sand and gravel extraction from ecologically

sensitive locations. Social mobilizers will be hired for education and awareness-raising of

the local communities.

Establishment of an Institute for Research on River Ecology (IRRE)

The IRRE is proposed as a basin wide institution in which all the developers of HPPs in

the basin contribute to establishment and operation of the institute, and jointly benefit

from the research outputs. The initiative is the outcome of the International Finance

Corporation of the World Bank (IFC) initiative to set up a Hydropower Working Group

for the basin, through which the project owners can cooperate and collaborate to

collectively manage the basin in a sustainable manner. The proposed institute will help

the project owners in maintaining ecological databases and research and analysis

capabilities that will benefit them individually by lowering their environmental

management costs. MPCL will contribute to the establishment and operation of an

Institute for Research on River Ecology (IRRE), subject to approval of associated costs in

the tariff by the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA).

Establishment of Watershed Management Program (WMP)

The Watershed Management Program (WMP) will primarily focus on improvement of

water quality in the Jhelum basin that is critical for protection of biodiversity in the long

term. The institutional and financial model for setting up watershed management

institutions will be similar to that proposed for the Institute for Research on River

Ecology. The support provided by MPCL and project owners in this case, however, will

be limited, as additional support and resources will be mobilized from the participating

government departments which will include forests, wildlife, agriculture, and irrigation.

Action areas may include, but not be limited to, land use management and reforestation to

reduce erosion and risk of landslides and to meet community needs for fuel wood and

timber, management of water use, and control of water quality. As in the case of the

IRRE, APPL will contribute to the establishment and operation of a WMP subject to

approval of associated costs in the tariff by the NEPRA.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xxxix

Institutional Arrangements for Implementation of BMP

Exhibit XI, Exhibit XII and Exhibit XIII illustrates the institutional and contractual

arrangements for implementation of the BMP. Since the BMP will be implemented in

three provinces: AJK, Punjab and KP, MPCL will enter into an Implementation

Agreement with the Government of AJK, Government of Punjab and Government of KP

using a similar approach adopted for the Gulpur Hydropower Project. In AJK, the

responsible government department is the AJK Fisheries and Wildlife Department

(AJKFWD), in Punjab it is the Punjab Fisheries Department. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

(KP), the responsibility for watch and ward of the terrestrial and aquatic ecological

resources lies with the Wildlife Department, while the Fisheries Department regulates

recreational fishing and is also responsible for management of water quality of the river.

It is therefore not clear which department will take the lead in supporting implementation

of the BMP in KP. For the purpose of this Draft BMP, both organizations have been

proposed and a decision can be taken by the KP Government about which department

will finally be designated.

The implementation arrangements suggested in the BMP are based on the experience

from implementation of the BAP of the Gulpur HPP in AJK. In Punjab implementation

arrangements will be finalized after discussions with the Government of Punjab. These

arrangements are currently under discussion for the BMP of the Karot HPP.

A BMP Management Committee in AJK, Punjab and KP will be established, which will

be responsible for reviewing the reports submitted by the Implementation Organization

and the M&E Consultant, reporting to on an annual basis and coordination with a high

level oversight body such as AJK Wildlife Management Board, and providing directions

to the staff of the Department, Implementation Organization, and the M&E Consultant

for improving the effectiveness of the implementation of the BMP.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xl

Exhibit XI: Institutional Arrangements for Implementation of BMP in AJK

Exhibit XII: Institutional Arrangements for Implementation of BMP in Punjab


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xli

Exhibit XIII: Institutional Arrangements for Implementation of BMP in KP

Monitoring and Evaluation Framework and Adaptive Management

A Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework will be used for monitoring of effectiveness

of implementation on the BMP. The type of indicators proposed for monitoring the

pressures are:

1. The total amount of fish by species being harvested in a year, for subsistence and

recreational purposes, through legal as well as illegal means.

2. Total amount of sand and gravel extracted from the river and tributaries,

separately reported or estimated for extraction through legal means (with permits

at designated mining sites) and through illegal means (without permits).

Indicators of state will include hydrology, water quality, catchment, and fish. The method

of data collection, frequency and timing of collection as well as data analysis is included

in a detailed Monitoring and Evaluation Plan prepared for the BMP. The methodologies

will be adjusted and adapted over time where required to facilitate assessment. Indicators

of response will include institutional capacity, awareness among stakeholders and their

concerns, and performance of any institutions established following the recommendations

of Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) for the Project. A combination of qualitative

and quantitative techniques will be employed. Reports will be prepared and discussed

with the key stakeholders once every year.

The indicators and methodologies used for monitoring may need to be adjusted and

adapted in line with the principles of adaptive management to respond to changing

pressures, and unforeseen or unexpected outcomes of the mitigation measures applied.


Hagler Bailly Pakistan Executive Summary R7ES5MLP: 12/22/17 xlii

Budget for Implementation

The BMP presents budgets for capital and onetime costs and for annual operating or

recurring costs respectively for implementation of the BMP (Exhibit XIV).

Implementation will be initiated following the financial close of the Project.

Exhibit XIV: Summary of the Budgetary Requirements for Implementation of the BMP

Total Cost, (USD)

Share of MPCL (USD)

Capital/One Time Cost

Protection, Incl. Park Management and Sediment Mining Plans

$167,162

Monitoring and Evaluation $43,200

Institute for Research on River Ecology @ 20% of total cost $252,157 $50,431

Watershed Management @ 15% of total cost $509,251 $76,388

Total, Capital/One Time Cost $337,181

Annual Recurring Cost

Protection $196,414

Monitoring and Evaluation $96,740

Institute for Research on River Ecology @ 20% of total cost $263,948 $52,790

Watershed Management @ 15% of total cost $678,665 $101,800

Total, Annual Recurring Cost $447,744

Budget Estimate for Capitalization Purposes

Capital/One Time Cost $337,181

Recurring Cost for 6 Years During Construction $2,686,464

Total Cost for Capitalization $3,023,645

Documents

玛尔电力开发有限公司 - epaajk.gok.pk - Volume I - Executive... · (KP), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). The Project falls within both provinces of Pakistan as well as