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CCIE - Routing and Switching
The CCIE is the crème-de-la-crème of Networking certifications, and there are less than 50,000 CCIEs
worldwide across all specializations. To get into this exclusive club, you need to train with the very best
people who have decades of expertise in teaching, implementing and managing enterprise class
networking projects. ZOOM provides the highest quality of CCIE Mapped training, with world class
professionals and state of the art lab infrastructure.
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Cisco Certified Interwork Expert
(Exam : 400-101)
Course Outline
1. Network Principles
Network theory
o Describe basic software architecture differences between IOS and IOS XE
Control plane and Forwarding plane
Impact to troubleshooting and performances
Excluding specific platform's architecture
o Identify Cisco express forwarding concepts
RIB, FIB, LFIB, Adjacency table
Load balancing Hash
Polarization concept and avoidance
o Explain general network challenges
Unicast flooding
Out of order packets
Asymmetric routing
Impact of micro burst
o Explain IP operations
ICMP unreachable, redirect
IPv4 options, IPv6 extension headers
IPv4 and IPv6 fragmentation
TTL
IP MTU
o Explain TCP operations
IPv4 and IPv6 PMTU
MSS
Latency
Windowing
Bandwidth delay product
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Global synchronization
Options
o Explain UDP operations
Starvation
Latency
RTP/RTCP concepts
Network implementation and operation
o Evaluate proposed changes to a network
Changes to routing protocol parameters
Migrate parts of a network to IPv6
Routing protocol migration
Adding multicast support
Migrate spanning tree protocol
Evaluate impact of new traffic on existing QoS design
Network troubleshooting
o Use IOS troubleshooting tools
debug, conditional debug
ping, traceroute with extended options
Embedded packet capture
Performance monitor
o Apply troubleshooting methodologies
Diagnose the root cause of networking issue [analyze symptoms, identify and describe root cause]
Design and implement valid solutions according to constraints
Verify and monitor resolution
o Interpret packet capture
Using Wireshark trace analyzer
Using IOS embedded packet capture
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2. Layer 2 Technologies
LAN switching technologies
o Implement and troubleshoot switch administration
Managing MAC address table
errdisable recovery
L2 MTU
o Implement and troubleshoot layer 2 protocols
CDP, LLDP
UDLD
o Implement and troubleshoot VLAN
Access ports
VLAN database
Normal, extended VLAN, voice VLAN
o Implement and troubleshoot trunking
VTPv1, VTPv2, VTPv3, VTP pruning
dot1Q
Native VLAN
Manual pruning
o Implement and troubleshoot EtherChannel
LACP, PAgP, manual
Layer 2, layer 3
Load-balancing
Etherchannel misconfiguration guard
o Implement and troubleshoot spanning-tree
PVST+/RPVST+/MST
Switch priority, port priority, path cost, STP timers
port fast, BPDUguard, BPDUfilter
loopguard, rootguard
o Implement and troubleshoot other LAN switching technologies
SPAN, RSPAN, ERSPAN
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o Describe chassis virtualization and aggregation technologies
Multichassis
VSS concepts
Alternative to STP
Stackwise
Excluding specific platform implementation
o Describe spanning-tree concepts
Compatibility between MST and RSTP
STP dispute, STP bridge assurance
Layer 2 multicast
o Implement and troubleshoot IGMP
IGMPv1, IGMPv2, IGMPv3
IGMP snooping
IGMP querier
IGMP filter
IGMP proxy
o Explain MLD
o Explain PIM snooping
Layer 2 WAN circuit technologies
o Implement and troubleshoot HDLC
o Implement and troubleshoot PPP
Authentication [PAP, CHAP]
PPPoE
MLPPP
o Describe WAN rate-based ethernet circuits
Metro and WAN Ethernet topologies
Use of rate-limited WAN ethernet services
3. Layer 3 Technologies
Addressing technologies
o Identify, implement and troubleshoot IPv4 addressing and subnetting
Address types, VLSM
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ARP
o Identify, implement and troubleshoot IPv6 addressing and subnetting
Unicast, multicast
EUI-64
ND, RS/RA
Autoconfig/SLAAC, temporary addresses [RFC4941]
Global prefix configuration feature
DHCP protocol operations
SLAAC/DHCPv6 interaction
Stateful, stateless DHCPv6
DHCPv6 prefix delegation
Layer 3 multicast
o Troubleshoot reverse path forwarding
RPF failure
RPF failure with tunnel interface
o Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 protocol independent multicast
PIM dense mode, sparse mode, sparse-dense mode
Static RP, auto-RP, BSR
BiDirectional PIM
Source-specific multicast
Group to RP mapping
Multicast boundary
o Implement and troubleshoot multicast source discovery protocol
Intra-domain MSDP [anycast RP]
SA filter
o Describe IPv6 multicast
IPv6 multicast addresses
PIMv6
Fundamental routing concepts
o Implement and troubleshoot static routing
o Implement and troubleshoot default routing
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o Compare routing protocol types
Distance vector
Link state
Path vector
o Implement, optimize and troubleshoot administrative distance
o Implement and troubleshoot passive interface
o Implement and troubleshoot VRF lite
o Implement, optimize and troubleshoot filtering with any routing protocol
o Implement, optimize and troubleshoot redistribution between any routing protocol
o Implement, optimize and troubleshoot manual and auto summarization with any routing protocol
o Implement, optimize and troubleshoot policy-based routing
o Identify and troubleshoot sub-optimal routing
o Implement and troubleshoot bidirectional forwarding detection
o Implement and troubleshoot loop prevention mechanisms
Route tagging, filtering
Split horizon
Route poisoning
o Implement and troubleshoot routing protocol authentication
MD5
Key-chain
EIGRP HMAC SHA2-256bit
OSPFv2 SHA1-196bit
OSPFv3 IPsec authentication
RIP [v2 and v6]
o Implement and troubleshoot RIPv2
o Describe RIPv6 [RIPng]
EIGRP [for IPv4 and IPv6]
o Describe packet types
Packet types [hello, query, update, and such]
Route types [internal, external]
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o Implement and troubleshoot neighbor relationship
Multicast, unicast EIGRP peering
OTP point-to-point peering
OTP route-reflector peering
OTP multiple service providers scenario
o Implement and troubleshoot loop free path selection
RD, FD, FC, successor, feasible successor
Classic metric
Wide metric
o Implement and troubleshoot operations
General operations
Topology table, update, query, active, passive
Stuck in active
Graceful shutdown
o Implement and troubleshoot EIGRP stub
Stub
Leak-map
o Implement and troubleshoot load-balancing
equal-cost
unequal-cost
add-path
o Implement EIGRP [multi-address] named mode
Types of families
IPv4 address-family
IPv6 address-family
o Implement, troubleshoot and optimize EIGRP convergence and scalability
Describe fast convergence requirements
Control query boundaries
IP FRR/fast reroute [single hop]
Summary leak-map
Summary metric
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OSPF [v2 and v3]
o Describe packet types
LSA yypes [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9]
Route types [N1, N2, E1, E2]
o Implement and troubleshoot neighbor relationship
o Implement and troubleshoot OSPFv3 address-family support
IPv4 address-family
IPv6 address-family
o Implement and troubleshoot network types, area types and router types
Point-to-point, multipoint, broadcast, non-broadcast
LSA types, area type: backbone, normal, transit, stub, NSSA, totally stub
Internal router, ABR, ASBR
Virtual link
o Implement and troubleshoot path preference
o Implement and troubleshoot operations
General operations
Graceful shutdown
GTSM [Generic TTL Security Mechanism]
o Implement, troubleshoot and optimize OSPF convergence and scalability
Metrics
LSA throttling, SPF tuning, fast hello
LSA propagation control [area types, ISPF]
IP FRR/fast reroute [single hop]
LFA/loop-free alternative [multi hop]
OSPFv3 prefix suppression
BGP
o Describe, implement and troubleshoot peer relationships
Peer-group, template
Active, passive
States, timers
Dynamic neighbors
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o Implement and troubleshoot IBGP and EBGP
EBGP, IBGP
4 bytes AS number
Private AS
o Explain attributes and best-path selection
o Implement, optimize and troubleshoot routing policies
Attribute manipulation
Conditional advertisement
Outbound route filtering
Communities, extended communities
Multi-homing
o Implement and troubleshoot scalability
Route-reflector, cluster
Confederations
Aggregation, AS set
o Implement and troubleshoot multiproctocol BGP
IPv4, IPv6, VPN address-family
o Implement and troubleshoot AS path manipulations
Local AS, allow AS in, remove private AS
Prepend
Regexp
o Implement and troubleshoot other features
Multipath
BGP synchronization
Soft reconfiguration, route refresh
o Describe BGP fast convergence features
Prefix independent convergence
Add-path
Next-hop address tracking
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ISIS [for IPv4 and IPv6]
o Describe basic ISIS network
Single area, single topology
o Describe neighbor relationship
o Describe network types, levels and router types
NSAP addressing
Point-to-point, broadcast
o Describe operations
o Describe optimization features
Metrics, wide metric
4. VPN Technologies
Tunneling
o Implement and troubleshoot MPLS operations
Label stack, LSR, LSP
LDP
MPLS ping, MPLS traceroute
o Implement and troubleshoot basic MPLS L3VPN
L3VPN, CE, PE, P
Extranet [route leaking]
o Implement and troubleshoot encapsulation
GRE
Dynamic GRE
LISP encapsulation principles supporting EIGRP OTP
o Implement and troubleshoot DMVPN [single hub]
NHRP
DMVPN with IPsec using preshared key
QoS profile
Pre-classify
o Describe IPv6 tunneling techniques
6in4, 6to4
ISATAP
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6RD
6PE/6VPE
o Describe basic layer 2 VPN —wireline
L2TPv3 general principals
ATOM general principals
o Describe basic L2VPN — LAN services
MPLS-VPLS general principals
OTV general principals
Encryption
o Implement and troubleshoot IPsec with preshared key
IPv4 site to IPv4 site
IPv6 in IPv4 tunnels
Virtual tunneling Interface [VTI]
o Describe GET VPN
5. Infrastructure Security
Device security
o Implement and troubleshoot IOS AAA using local database
o Implement and troubleshoot device access control
Lines [VTY, AUX, console]
SNMP
Management plane protection
Password encryption
o Implement and troubleshoot control plane policing
o Describe device security using IOS AAA with TACACS+ and RADIUS
AAA with TACACS+ and RADIUS
Local privilege authorization fallback
Network security
o Implement and troubleshoot switch security features
VACL, PACL
Stormcontrol
DHCP snooping
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IP source-guard
Dynamic ARP inspection
port-security
Private VLAN
o Implement and troubleshoot router security features
IPv4 access control lists [standard, extended, time-based]
IPv6 traffic filter
Unicast reverse path forwarding
o Implement and troubleshoot IPv6 first hop security
RA guard
DHCP guard
Binding table
Device tracking
ND inspection/snooping
Source guard
PACL
o Describe 802.1x
802.1x, EAP, RADIUS
MAC authentication bypass
6. Infrastructure Services
System management
o Implement and troubleshoot device management
Console and VTY
telnet, HTTP, HTTPS, SSH, SCP
[T]FTP
o Implement and troubleshoot SNMP
v2c, v3
o Implement and troubleshoot logging
Local logging, syslog, debug, conditional debug
Timestamp
Quality of service
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o Implement and troubleshoot end-to-end QoS
CoS and DSCP mapping
o Implement, optimize and troubleshoot QoS using MQC
Classification
Network based application recognition [NBAR]
Marking using IP precedence, DSCP, CoS, ECN
Policing, shaping
Congestion management [queuing]
HQoS, sub-rate ethernet link
Congestion avoidance [WRED]
o Describe layer 2 QoS
Queuing, scheduling
Classification, marking
6.3 Network services
o Implement and troubleshoot first-hop redundancy protocols
HSRP, GLBP, VRRP
Redundancy using IPv6 RS/RA
o Implement and troubleshoot network time protocol
NTP master, client, version 3, version 4
NTP Authentication
o Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 DHCP
DHCP client, IOS DHCP server, DHCP relay
DHCP options
DHCP protocol operations
SLAAC/DHCPv6 interaction
Stateful, stateless DHCPv6
DHCPv6 prefix delegation
o Implement and troubleshoot IPv4 network address translation
Static NAT, dynamic NAT, policy-based NAT, PAT
NAT ALG
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o Describe IPv6 network address translation
NAT64
NPTv6
6.4 Network optimization
o Implement and troubleshoot IP SLA
ICMP, UDP, Jitter, VoIP
o Implement and troubleshoot tracking object
Tracking object, tracking list
Tracking different entities [e.g. interfaces, routes, IPSLA, and such]
o Implement and troubleshoot netflow
Netflow v5, v9
Local retrieval
Export [configuration only]
o Implement and troubleshoot embedded event manager
EEM policy using applet
o Identify performance routing [PfR]
Basic load balancing
Voice optimization
7. Evolving Technologies
Cloud
o Compare and contrast Cloud deployment models
Infrastructure, platform, and software services [XaaS]
Performance and reliability
Security and privacy
Scalability and interoperability
o Describe Cloud implementations and operations
Automation and orchestration
Workload mobility
Troubleshooting and management
OpenStack components
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Network programmability [SDN]
o Describe functional elements of network programmability [SDN] and how they interact
Controllers
APIs
Scripting
Agents
Northbound vs. Southbound protocols
o Describe aspects of virtualization and automation in network environments
DevOps methodologies, tools and workflows
Network/application function virtualization [NFV, AFV]
Service function chaining
Performance, availability, and scaling considerations
Internet of Things
o Describe architectural framework and deployment considerations for Internet of Things [IoT]
Performance, reliability and scalability
Mobility
Security and privacy
Standards and compliance
Migration
Environmental impacts on the network
