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Cattle Parasites
Intestinal Nematodes
Loss of appetite Immuno-suppression Destruction of gastric glands and
interference with protein digestion Loss of tissue fluid
Strongyles
Over 30 different genera and/or species of intestinal nematodes which have eggs that look similar.– “Strongyles or strongyle-type eggs”– In general, treated the same– Digestive tract– May compete for nutrients, cause tissue damage,
or suck blood (anemia)
Strongyles
Trichostrongyles
Ostertagia ostertagi Recognized as the most important nematode
parasite of cattle raised in temperate climates
Can developmentally arrest Large economic impact on cattle industry –
treatment and prevention costs
Ostertagia ostertagi
Brown stomach worm 6-10 mm Larvae destroy gastric glands Severe diarrhea & weight loss Fecal flotation Tx: Albendazole, Fenbendazole, Ivermectin,
Moxidextin
Cooperia spp.
Cattle bankrupt worm 4-8 mm D+ Anorexia Depressed growth Synergistic with Ostertagia ostertagia Fecal flotation Tx: Albendazole, Fenbendazole, Ivermectin,
Moxidectin
Bunostomum spp.
Hookworm 10-28 mm Anemia D+ Weight loss Fecal flotation Tx: Albendazole, Fenbendazole, Ivermectin,
Moxidectin
Trichuris ovis
Whipworm 2-3 mm Rarely pathogenic Fecal flotation Tx: Fenbendazole, Ivermectin
Capillaria sp.
Capillary worm 5-8 mm Mostly nonpathogenic Fecal flotation Tx: None tested
Dictyocaulus viviparus
Lungworm 3-8 cm Cough Dyspnea Lethargy Baermann technique, fecal flotation Tx: Albendazole, Fenbendazole, Ivermectin,
Moxidectin
Fasciola hepatica
Common liver fluke 3-4 cm Hepatic trauma Hepatitis Death Fecal sedimentation Tx: Albendazole, Clorsulon, Nitroxynil,
Raoxanide
Moniezia benedeni
Tapeworm Up to 100 cm Mostly nonpathogenic Proglottids on stool, fecal flotation Tx: Albendazole, Dichlorophen,
Fenbendazole, Niclosamide
Tritrichomonas foetus
Trich Protozoan 10-25 um Early abortion storms Pyometra Preputial washings & culture Tx: Ipronidazole, Metronidazole
Babesia bigemina
Babesia, Texas Cattle Fever 2-3 um x 4-5 um Anemia Fever Splenomegaly Blood smear Tx: Antibiotics, Dip for ticks
Eimeria spp.
Coccidia 16-47 um x 13-32 um Bloody diarrhea Death Decreased production D+ Fecal flotation Tx: Amprolium, Sulfamethazine
Cryptosporidium spp.
Crypto 6 um x 6 um Zoonotic D+ Fecal flotation Tx: Supportive care
Cochliomyia hominivorax
Screwworm Up to 15 mm REPORTABLE Maggots penetrate tissue Identify larvae Tx: Ivermectin, Organophosphates
Cochliomyia hominivorax
Female can lay up to 500 eggs per day Eggs hatch ~ 12 hours Larvae feed and produce dark, foul-smelling
liquid which attract more flies – can quickly become infested with thousands of larvae
Larvae feed for 5-7 days before dropping to ground as pupae
Pupae hatch into adults ~ 7 days
Sarcoptes scabiei
Mange mite REPORTABLE in some states Skin scraping Tx: Ivermectin, Eprinomectin, Doramectin
Cattle Grub or Warbles
Hypoderma bovis or Hypoderma lineatum Significance: hide and flesh damage =
economic loss, irritation = weight loss and decreased milk production
Diagnosis: look for breathing pores or eggs on coat
Treatment: Avermectins
Cattle Grub