Carte Pilot M. Mediterana Vol. I

8/10/2019 Carte Pilot M. Mediterana Vol. I

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RECORD OF AMENDMENTS

The table below is to record Section IV Notice to Mariners amendments affecting this volume.Sub paragraph numbers in the margin of the body of the book are to assist the user with these amendments.

Weekly Notices to Mariners (Section IV)

2005 2006 2007 2008

IMPORTANT SEE RELATED ADMIRALTY PUBLICATIONS

This is one of a series of publications produced by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office which should be consulted by users ofAdmiralty Charts. The full list of such publications is as follows:

Notices to Mariners (Annual, permanent, temporary and preliminary), Chart 5011 (Symbols and abbreviations), The MarinersHandbook (especially Chapters 1 and 2 for important information on the use of UKHO products, their accuracy and limitations),Sailing Directions (Pilots), List of Lights and Fog Signals, List of Radio Signals, Tide Tables and their digital equivalents.

All charts and publications should be kept up to date with the latest amendments.

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NP 45

MEDITERRANEAN PILOT

VOLUME 1

The coasts of Spain from Gibraltar to Cap Cerbre; Islas Baleares;the north coast of Africa from Ceuta to Ras Ajdir;

Isola di Pantelleria and Isole Pelagie;the Maltese Islands; Isole Egadi; Sicilia and Isole Eolie;

the coast of Italy from Capo Suvero to Capo Santa Maria di Leuca

TWELFTH EDITION

2005

PUBLISHED BY THE UNITED KINGDOM HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE

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Crown Copyright 2005

To be obtained from Agents

for the sale of Admiralty Charts and Publications

Copyright for some of the material inthis publication is owned by the authority

named under the item and permission for itsreproduction must be obtained from the owner.

Previous editions:

First published 1873. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2nd Edition 1885. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3rd Edition 1894. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4th Edition 1905. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5th Edition 1913. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6th Edition 1926. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7th Edition 1937. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8th Edition 1951. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9th Edition 1963. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10th Edition 1978. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11th Edition 2002. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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PREFACE

The Twelfth Edition ofMediterranean Pilot Volume Ihas been prepared by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, which has used allreasonable endeavours to ensure that this Pilot contains all the appropriate information obtained by and assessed by it at the date shownbelow. Information received or assessed after that date will be included in Admiralty Notices to Marinerswhere appropriate. If in doubt, seeThe Mariners Handbook for details of what Admiralty Notices to Mariners are and how to use them.

This edition supersedes the Eleventh Edition (2002) which is cancelled.

Information on climate and currents has been based on data supplied by the Met Office, Exeter.

The following sources of information, other than UKHO Publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:

Local Port AuthoritiesPort Handbooks produced by Port AuthoritiesFairplay Ports Guide 2005Ports of the World 2005Lloyds Maritime Guide 200405Whitakers Almanac 2005The Statesmans Yearbook 2005

EncyclopediasLloyds ListItalian Charts and sailing DirectionsSpanish Charts and sailing DirectionsFrench Charts and sailing DirectionsAlgerian Charts

Dr D W WilliamsUnited Kingdom National Hydrographer

The United Kingdom Hydrographic OfficeAdmiralty WayTauntonSomerset TA1 2DNEngland12th May 2005

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PREFACEto the Eleventh Edition (2002)

The Eleventh Edition ofMediterranean Pilot Volume 1has been prepared by Lieutenant Commander H. J. R. Milner, Royal Navy, andCaptain J. H. Gomersall, Master Mariner, and contains the latest information received in the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office to thedate given below.

This edition supersedes the Tenth Edition (1978) and supplement 10 (1998), which are cancelled.

Information on climate and currents has been based on data supplied by the Meteorological Office, Bracknell.

The following sources of information, other than UKHO Publications and Ministry of Defence papers, have been consulted:

Local Port AuthoritiesPort Handbooks produced by Port AuthoritiesFairplay Ports Guide 2002Ports of the World 2001Lloyds Maritime Guide 200102Whitakers Almanac 2002The Statesmans Yearbook 2002

Comptons EncyclopediaLloyds ListItalian charts and Sailing DirectionsSpanish charts and Sailing DirectionsFrench charts and Sailing DirectionsAlgerian charts

Dr D W WilliamsUnited Kingdom National Hydrographer

The United Kingdom Hydrographic OfficeAdmiralty WayTauntonSomerset TA1 2DNEngland26th July 2002

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CONTENTSPages

Preface to the Twelfth Edition (2005) iii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Preface to the Eleventh Edition (2002) iv. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Contents v. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Explanatory notes vii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Abbreviations ix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Glossary xi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Index chartlet 1 xix. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Index chartlet 2 xx. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 1

Navigation and regulationsLimits of the book (1.1) 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Navigational dangers and hazards (1.3) 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Traffic and operations (1.7) 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Charts (1.13) 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Aids to navigation (1.17) 6. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Pilotage (1.21) 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Radio facilities (1.22) 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Regulations (1.25) 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Signals (1.43) 10. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Distress and rescue (1.44) 11. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Countries and portsAlgeria (1.54) 13. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Italy (1.63) 14. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Malta (1.72) 15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Morocco (1.81) 16. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Spain (1.90) 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Tunisia (1.99) 18. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Principal ports, harbours and anchorages (1.108) 19. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Port services summary (1.109) 21. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Natural conditionsMaritime topography (1.116) 23. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Currents, tidal streams and flow (1.128) 24. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sea level and tides (1.134) 27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sea and swell (1.136) 27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sea water characteristics (1.139) 27. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Climate and weather (1.145) 32. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Climatic tables (1.166) 44. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Meteorological conversion table and scales (1.199) 78. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 2

South coast of Spain: Gibraltar to Cabo de San Antonio 81. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 3

Spain East coast Cabo de San Antonio to Cap Cerbre 127. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 4

Islas Baleares 177. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 5

Morocco Mediterranean coast 225. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 6

The coast of Algeria 243. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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CHAPTER 7

The coast of Tunisia 287. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 8

Sicilian Channel 327. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 9

Sicilia West and South coasts including Isole gadi 353. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 10

Sicilia North coast and offlying islands 377. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 11

Italy South West coast, Capo Suvero to Stretto di Messina 409. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 12

Stretto di Messina 421. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 13

Sicilia South East coast 435. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

CHAPTER 14

South coast of Italy Stretto di Messina to Capo di Santa Maria di Leuca 461. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

APPENDIX AND INDEX

Appendix Areas used for firing exercises, special areas and submarine operating areas 502. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Index 507. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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EXPLANATORY NOTES

Admiralty Sailing Directions are intended for use by vessels of 150 gt or more. They amplify charted detail and contain informationneeded for safe navigation which is not available from Admiralty charts, or other hydrographic publications. They are intended to be read inconjunction with the charts quoted in the text.

This volume of the Sailing Directions will be kept up-to-date by the issue of a new edition at intervals of approximately 3 years, without

the use of supplements. In addition important amendments which cannot await the new edition are published in Section IV of the weeklyeditions ofAdmiralty Notices to Mariners. A list of such amendments and notices in force is published quarterly. Those still in force at the endof the year are reprinted in theAnnual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

This volume should not be used without reference to Section IV of the weekly editions of Admiralty Notices to Mariners.

CDROM

Status.A compact disc is provided at the back of this volume. The paper publication of Sailing Directions satisfies the requirements ofChapter V of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea. The CD version does not satisfy these requirements and should onlybe used in conjunction with the paper publication and any amendments affecting the paper publication. Where any discrepancy existsbetween data on the CD and in the paper publication of Sailing Directions, the paper publication (inclusive of amendments) is to be reliedupon.

Disclaimer.Whilst the UKHO has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the data on the CD was accurate at the time of production, ithas not verified the data for navigational purposes and the CD is not suitable, and is not to be relied upon, for navigation. The use of the CD forthis purpose is at the users own risk. The UKHO accepts no liability (except in the case of death or personal injury caused by the negligenceof the UKHO) whether in contract, tort, under any statute or otherwise and whether or not arising out of any negligence on the part of theUKHO in respect of any inadequacy of any kind whatsoever in the data on the CD or in the means of distribution.

Conditions of release.The material supplied on the CDROM is protected by Crown Copyright. No part of the data may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwisewithout the prior written permission of the UKHO. The copyright material, its derivatives and its outputs may not be sold or distributed orcommercially exploited in either an original or derived form without the prior written permission of the UKHO. For the avoidance of doubt,the supplied material, its derivatives and its outputs shall not be placed, or allowed to be placed, on a computer accessible to Third Partieswhether via the Internet or otherwise. The release of the supplied material in no way implies that the UKHO will supply further material.

References to hydrographic and other publications

The Mariners Handbookgives general information affecting navigation and is complementary to this volume.

Ocean Passages for the WorldandRouteing Chartscontain ocean routeing information and should be consulted for other than coastalpassages.

Admiralty List of Lightsshould be consulted for details of lights, lanbys and fog signals, as these are not fully described in this volume.

Admiralty List of Radio Signalsshould be consulted for information relating to coast and port radio stations, radio details of pilotageservices, radar beacons and radio direction finding stations, meteorological services, radio aids to navigation, Global Maritime Distress andSafety System (GMDSS) and Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) stations, as these are only briefly referred to in this volume.

Admiralty Maritime Communicationsis a comprehensive guide on all aspects of maritime communications for the yachtsman and smallcraft user. It provides general information on Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS), the management of VHF, Maritime

Safety Information, NAVTEX, Inmarsat and Radio Facsimile, and detailed information and procedures for marinas and harbours used bysmall craft.

Annual Summary of Admiralty Notices to Marinerscontains in addition to the temporary and preliminary notices, and amendments andnotices affecting Sailing Directions, a number of notices giving information of a permanent nature covering radio messages and navigationalwarnings, distress and rescue at sea and exercise areas.

The International Code of Signalsshould be consulted for details of distress and life-saving signals, international ice-breaker signals aswell as international flag signals.

Remarks on subject matter

Buoysare generally described in detail only when they have special navigational significance, or where the scale of the chart is too smallto show all the details clearly.

Chart index diagramsin this volume show only those Admiralty charts of a suitable scale to give good coverage of the area. Marinersshould consult NP 131 Catalogue of Admiralty Charts and Publicationsfor details of larger scale charts.

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Chart referencesin the text normally refer to the largest scale Admiralty chart but occasionally a smaller scale chart may be quoted whereits use is more appropriate.

Firing, practice and exercise areas.Submarine exercise areas are mentioned in Sailing Directions. Other firing, practice and exerciseareas maybe mentioned with limited details. Signals and buoys used in connection with these areas maybe mentioned if significant fornavigation. Attention is invited to the Annual Notice to Mariners on this subject.

Nameshave been taken from the most authoritative source. When an obsolete name still appears on the chart, it is given in bracketsfollowing the proper name at the principal description of the feature in the text and where the name is first mentioned.

Tidal informationrelating the daily vertical movements of the water is not given; for thisAdmiralty Tide Tablesshould be consulted.Changes in water level of an abnormal nature are mentioned.

Time difference used in the text when applied to the time of High Water found from the Admiralty Tide Tables, gives the time of the eventbeing described in the Standard Time kept in the area of that event. Due allowance must be made for any seasonal daylight saving time whichmay be kept.

Wreck information is included where drying or below-water wrecks are relatively permanent features having significance fornavigation or anchoring.

Units and terminology used in this volume

Latitude and Longitudegiven in brackets are approximate and are taken from the chart quoted.

Bearings and directionsare referred to the true compass and when given in degrees are reckoned clockwise from 000(North) to 359Bearings used for positioning are given from the reference object.Bearings of objects, alignments and light sectors are given as seen from the vessel.Courses always refer to the course to be made good over the ground.

Windsare described by the direction from which they blow.

Tidal streams and currentsare described by the direction towards which they flow.

Distancesare expressed in sea miles of 60 to a degree of latitude and sub-divided into cables of one tenth of a sea mile.

Depthsare given below chart datum, except where otherwise stated.

Heightsof objects refer to the height of the object above the ground and are invariably expressed as ... m in height.

Elevations, as distinct from heights, are given above Mean High Water Springs or Mean Higher High Water whichever is quoted inAdmiralty Tide Tables, and expressed as, an elevation of ... m. However the elevation of natural features such as hills may alternatively beexpressed as ... m high since in this case there can be no confusion between elevation and height.

Metric unitsare used for all measurements of depths, heights and short distances, but where feet/fathoms charts are referred to, theselatter units are given in brackets after the metric values for depths and heights shown on the chart.

Timeis expressed in the four-figure notation beginning at midnight and is given in local time unless otherwise stated. Details of local timekept will be found inAdmiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 2.

Bandsis the word used to indicate horizontal marking.

Stripesis the word used to indicate markings which are vertical, unless stated to be diagonal.

Conspicuous objectsare natural and artificial marks which are outstanding, easily identifiable and clearly visible to the mariner over alarge area of sea in varying conditions of light. If the scale is large enough they will normally be shown on the chart in bold capitals and may bemarked conspic.

Prominent objectsare those which are easily identifiable, but do not justify being classified as conspicuous.

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ABBREVIATIONS

The following abbreviations are used in the text:

AIS Automatic Indentification SystemALC Articulated loading columnALP Articulated loading platformAMVER Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue

System

C degrees CelsiusCALM Catenary anchor leg mooringCBM Conventional buoy mooringCDC Certain Dangerous CargoCVTS Cooperative Vessel Traffic System

DF direction findingDG degaussing

DGPS Differential Global Positioning SystemDW Deep WaterDSC Digital Selective Callingdwt deadweight tonnageDZ danger zone

E east (easterly, eastward, eastern, easternmost)EEZ exclusive economic zoneELSBM Exposed location single buoy mooringENE east-north-eastEPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio BeaconESE east-south-eastETA estimated time of arrivalETD estimated time of departure

EU European Union

feu forty foot equivalent unitfm fathom(s)FPSO Floating production storage and offloading

vesselFPU Floating production unitFSO Floating storage and offloading vesselft foot (feet)

g/cm3 gram per cubic centimetreGMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety SystemGPS Global Positioning SystemGRP glass reinforced plasticgrt gross register tonnagegt gross tonnage

HAT Highest Astronomical TideHF high frequencyHMS Her (His) Majestys Shiphp horse powerhPa hectopascalHSC High Speed CraftHW High Water

IALA International Association of LighthouseAuthorities

IHO International Hydrographic OrganizationIMO International Maritime Organization

ITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone

JRCC Joint Rescue Coordination Centre

kHz kilohertzkm kilometre(s)kn knot(s)kW kilowatt(s)

Lanby Large automatic navigation buoyLASH Lighter Aboard ShipLAT Lowest Astronomical TideLF low frequencyLHG Liquefied Hazardous GasLMT Local Mean TimeLNG Liquefied Natural GasLOA Length overallLPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas

LW Low Water

m metre(s)mb millibar(s)MCTS Marine Communications and Traffic Services

CentresMF medium frequencyMHz megahertzMHHW Mean Higher High WaterMHLW Mean Higher Low WaterMHW Mean High WaterMHWN Mean High Water NeapsMHWS Mean High Water SpringsMLHW Mean Lower High Water

MLLW Mean Lower Low WaterMLW Mean Low WaterMLWN Mean Low Water NeapsMLWS Mean Low Water Springsmm millimetre(s)MMSI Maritime Mobile Service IdentityMRCC Maritime Rescue Co-ordination CentreMRSC Maritime Rescue Sub-CentreMSI Marine Safety InformationMSL Mean Sea LevelMV Motor VesselMW megawatt(s)MY Motor Yacht

N north (northerly, northward, northern,northernmost)

NATO North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationNavtex Navigational Telex SystemNE north-eastNNE north-north-eastNNW north-north-westNo numbernrt nett register tonnageNW north-west

ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System

PEL Port Entry Light

PLEM Pipe line end manifoldPOL Petrol, Oil & LubricantsPSSA Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas

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RCC Rescue Coordination CentreRMS Royal Mail ShipRN Royal NavyRo-Ro Rollon, Roll-off RT radio telephony

S south (southerly, southward, southern,

southernmost)SALM Single anchor leg mooring systemSALS Single anchored leg storage systemSAR Search and RescueSatnav Satellite navigationSBM Single buoy mooringSE south-eastSPM Single point mooringsq squareSS SteamshipSSE south-south-eastSSW south-south-westSW south-west

teu twenty foot equivalent unitTSS Traffic Separation Scheme

UHF ultra high frequencyUKHO United Kingdom Hydrographic OfficeULCC Ultra Large Crude CarrierUN United NationsUT Universal TimeUTC Co-ordinated Universal Time

VDR Voyage Data RecorderVHF very high frequencyVLCC Very Large Crude CarrierVMRS Vessel Movement Reporting SystemVTC Vessel Traffic CentreVTMS Vessel Traffic Management SystemVTS Vessel Traffic Services

W west (westerly, westward, western,westernmost)

WGS World Geodetic SystemWMO World Meteorological OrganizationWNW west-north-westWSW west-south-west

WT radio (wireless) telegraphy

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GLOSSARY

Glossary of words occasionally used on the charts and in this volume of Sailing Directions.

ARABICArabic English Arabic English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

abiad, abyad, abyadh white. . . . . . . . . . . .ahmar red (masculine). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ain, ain spring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .aswad black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .al the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .anak, anaq cliff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .arish, arisha dune. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bab narrow strait, gate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bahr river, lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .baid, bdiya desert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .balad town, village, land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

beheira, bahra, buhireh lake. . . . . . . . . .bir, bir wells, well. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .boghaz, bghz entrance channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bu (abbrev.ab) father, chief. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .burj tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

el the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gasr castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .gebel hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .gera lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .gezret, gezira island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .gharb west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hajar stone, rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .halat sandbank which dries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hamr red (feminine). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .hassar, hissar rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

jam, jmi mosque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .jabal, jebel mountain, hill, island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .jazrat island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .jn bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .janub, junub south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kabir big. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kalat, kelat, kulat castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kasba citadel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kefr, kafr village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kibli south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

km mound, hillock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kothon, liman port, anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

maghreb, maghrub west. . . . . . . . . . . . . .mrabt, marabout, murbit monument, tomb, saints tomb. . . . . .marsa, mers, mersa bay, cove, harbour, anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . .masjid mosque. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .matla east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mdene, manra, manr minaret. . . . . . . . .mhnat harbour, bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .minqar point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mirjan coral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

nahr river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .natur tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .nabi, nebi tomb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

qalaat castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .qasr castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .qornet peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ras, ras cape, point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sabakat, sabkha, sbcha, sebkha,trga salt lake, salt lagoon, salt marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .saghira, seghir, saghir small, little. . . . . . . . . . .sakije canal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

shab, shab, shib rock, reef, rocky shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .shark east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sherm, sharm cove, creek, inlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .shmal, shaml north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sidi, saiyid Lord, master (title of descendants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

of the prophet and saints)

tallet mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tarf, taraf cape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tell, tall, tlia hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

umm mother. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

wd, wadi, wed, uad valley, river bed, river. . . . . . . . . . . .

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FRENCH

French English French English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

anse bay, creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .avant port outer harbour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

baie bay, gulf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

balise beacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .banc bank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .barre bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .basse shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bassin basin, dock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .batterie battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .blanc white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bouche mouth of river or strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

calanque creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .canal canal, channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cap cape, headland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .chane chain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .chteau castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .chausse causeway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .chenal channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

col mountain pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .colline hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cte coast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

darse basin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dique dike, mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cueil shoal, rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pi groyne. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .est east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tang lake, lagoon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

fleuve river, stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fosse ditch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

golfe gulf, bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .grand, e great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .grau channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .gros large, heavy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hautfond shoal, shallow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

le island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lot islet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .isthme isthmus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

jete jetty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lac lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

maison house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .marais swamp, marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .marine marine, navy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mer sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

mle mole, pier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mont mount, mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .montagne mount, mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .morne hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mouillage anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

neuf, ve new. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .noir, e black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .nord north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .nouveau new. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ouest west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

passe pass, channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .petit, e small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

pic peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .piton peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .plage beach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .plateau tableland, shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pointe point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pont bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .port port, harbour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .presqule peninsula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

quai quay, wharf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rade roadstead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rivire river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .roche rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rocher rock, generally above water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rouge red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ruisseau stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sable sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .saline salt works. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sommet summit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sud south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tombeau tomb. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .torrent stream, torrent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tour tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .trou small opening in coast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vieux, vieil, vielle old. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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ITALIAN

Italian English Italian English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

alto, alta high, lofty. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ancorraggio anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .antemurale seawall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .arcipelago archipelago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

avamporto outer harbour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

bacino basin, dock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .baia bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .banchina quay, wharf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .banco, banchi bank, banks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .barra bar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bassafondo shoal, shallow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bianco white. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bocca, bocche mouth of river, strait, s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cala, calanca creek, small bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .calata wharf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .campanile belfry, steeple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .campo plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .canale canal, channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

canneto reedy marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .capo cape, headland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .casa house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .casino country house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .castel, castellazo, castello castle. . . . . . . .castelluccio small castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .chiesa church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .citta city, town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .collina hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

darsena basin, wet dock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .diga breakwater, mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

fiumara river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fiume river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fiumicino rivulet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

forte fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fortino small fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fossa cutting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

golfo gulf, bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .grande great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

imboccatura mouth of a river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .insenatura cove, inlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .isola, isole island, islands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .isolotto islet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .istmo isthmus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

lago lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .levante east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

macchia thicket. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mare sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .marina beach, landing place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mezzo middle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .molo mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

montagna mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .monte mount, mountain, hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

nero black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

nuovo new. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

palude swamp, marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .passagio passage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .passo pass, channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .penisola peninsula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .piano plain, flat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .picco peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .piccolo, picciolo small, little. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pietra stone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .poggio mound, small hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ponente west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ponte bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pontile pier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .porticciolo small entrance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .porto port, harbour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

promontorio promontory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .punta point, summit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rada roadstead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rocca fortress on rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rosso red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rotondo round. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sabbia sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .salina salt water lagoon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .santo holy, sacred. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .scali steps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .scalo landing place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .scirocco southeast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .scogli reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .scoglio rock, reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .scogliera ridge of rocks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .secca shoal, sandbank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .secche group of shoals, reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .seno small bay, creek. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .spiaggia beach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .stagno lake, pond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .strada road. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .stretto strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

taglio cut. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .testa, testata head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tondo round. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .torre tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .torrente stream, torrent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tramontana north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

valle valley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vecchio old, ancient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .via road, street. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .villa villa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vortici eddy, whirlpool. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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MALTESE

Maltese English Maltese English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

blata rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cala cove, small bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

dala (dalet) cove, inlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

fiegu channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ebel hill, point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .gar cove. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .gejjer island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ara rock (in water). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ofra inlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

kalanka cove. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .kbira big. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

marr inlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ponta point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

qala (qalet) bay, inlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .qolla hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

qortin hill, upland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ramla bay, inlet, beach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ras point, cape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

scalo landing place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sikka reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .skoll rocks (in water). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

taktigha rock (in water). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

wied valley, torrent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

gira small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

THE MALTESE LANGUAGEMaltese is a Semitic language, closely related to Arabic, but written wholly in Roman letters.The Maltese alphabet is as follows:A B D E F G H () I J K L M N G (g) O P Q R S T U V W X Z Consonants are pronounced as in English, except: as in church as in George () as inHard but pronounced in the throat; c.f. Arabic . The upper case is written with a double bar, the lower

case with a single bar.J as in YesG (g) unpronounced, but lengthens the adjacent vowelQ glottal stop; as in the slovenly pronunciation of butter, i.e.buerX as in Sheep as in fizz

Z as in FitzpatrickThe definite article Il (c.f.Arabic Al) is capitalised when it occurs initially and is hyphenated to the name following, e.g. IlBirgu.The I of Il is generally dropped before names beginning with a vowel or G, e.g. LAmar, LGaqba. Sometimes it is dropped before otherconsonants, e.g. LKbira and examples lBajda, lamra below.The l of the article is assimilated as I, Id, In, Ir, Is, It, Ix, Iz and I before names beginning with these nine letters, e.g. IsSikka. The I is alsosometimes dropped before assimilated articles, e.g. Hara sSewda, IlHofra Zgira.All these forms of the article are written in lower case when occuring in the middle of a compound name, e.g. IlBlata lBajda, Ras inNiexfa, IxXagra,lamra.The preposition of is Ta and may occur initially in names, e.g. Ta Brija. It combines with the definite article as Ta l, e.g. Ta lAbatija.This form assimilates in the same way as the article; Ta , Tad, Tan, Tal, Tar, Tas, Tat, Tax, Taz and Ta, e.g. TalGruwa, Taejt.Similarily, the initial T is written in lower case when occurring as the second element in a name, e.g. IlQala taxXwieni, Wied ta lIsqof.

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SPANISH

Spanish English Spanish English. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

abra cove, creek, haven, opening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .adento inner, inside (adj). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .afuera outer, outside (adj). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .aguado watering place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .aguado, a sharp, pointed (adj). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .aguja needle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .albufera lagoon, pond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .aldea village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .alto, a tall, high (adj). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .altos, alturas heights. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .amarillo, a yellow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ancladero anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ancho wide, broad (adj). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ancn open bay or roadstead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .angostura narrows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .archiplago archipelago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .arena sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .arenal extemsive area of sand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .arrecife reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .arroyito brook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .arroyo stream, rivulet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .astillero shipyard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .atalaya watchtower, high viewpoint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .azul blue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

baha bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bajo shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bajo shoal (adj) below, under,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

low (adj)baliza beacon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .balneario seaside resort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bancha bank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .banco (de arena) bank (sandbank). . . . . . . . . . . . . . .barlovento windward. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .barra bar (of a river, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .barranco precipice, ravine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .barrera barrier (e.g.mountain barrier). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .barrio ward, section (of a town). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bateria battery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .blanco, a white (adj), target (n.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .boca mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .boquern wide mouth, opening or. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

entranceboquette narrow entrance, gap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .bravo, a coast, shore, beach exposed to. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

heavy seasbrazo arm (of the sea etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cabeza shoal head. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cabezo summit of a hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cabo cape. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cadena chain (of mountains, etc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cala narrow cove or creek with steep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

sidescaleta cove. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .caletn large cove. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .campo any tract of country. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .caada glen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .canal channel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .canalizo narrow channel between. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

islandscanto bluff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .capilla chapel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cargadero loading terminal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .casa house. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cascada waterfall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .casero hamlet, group of houses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .castel, l, le castle fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .castillo fort, castle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .castro headland, hillock surmounted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

by ruinscatedral cathedral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cayo cay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cerrito hillock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cerro hill, hillock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .chico, a small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cima summit, crest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ciudad city or town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ciudadela citadel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .col, c hill, rocky shoal, rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .colina hollock, hill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .collado hillock, elevation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .colinia colony, settlement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .colorado reddish in colour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .comarca region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .concha bay or cove. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cono cone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .convento convent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cordillera mountain range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .corona crown, summit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cortadura cut, cutting, very narrow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

channel or defilecosta coast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cota summit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cruz cross. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cuartel barracks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cuesta sloping ground, hill, hillock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cuera cave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cumbre summit, peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cua quoin, ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .cspide summit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

drsena basin, dock, breakwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .delta delta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .departamento department. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .desembarcadero landing place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .desembocadura mouth of a river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .desierto desert. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .dique mole, dock, embankment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .distrito district. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .doble double. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .duna dune. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

el definite article (masc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .embocadura mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ensenada bay. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .entrada entrance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ermita hermitage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .escollera breakwater, wave trap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .escollo shallow rock, reef awash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .espign arm of a mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .estacin station. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .estancia ranch, country estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .este east. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .estero creek, inlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .estrecho straits, narrows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .estuario estuary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .exterior outer, exterior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

faralln stack; steep, sharppointed rocky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .islet

faro lighthouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fondeadero anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fortaleza fortress. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fraile friar. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .freo strait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .freu narrow strait between island and. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

mainlandfrontn walllike cliff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .fuerte fort. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

garganta narrow restricted passage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .garita sentry box, hut, lookout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .golfo gulf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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gran, grande large, great, big. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .gris grey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .grupo group (of islands). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

hacienda farm, plantation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .herradura horseshoe shaped. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

iglesia church. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

interior inner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .isla island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .isleta islet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .islita small island, islet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .isole barren islet, skerry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .islotillo, islotito small barren islet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .istmo isthmus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

la, las definite article (fem.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lago lake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .laguna lagoon, pond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .laja flat rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .largo, a long. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lastra rocky ledge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .levante eastern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .llana, o plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

llanura plain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .loma hillock, knoll. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lomo ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .los definite article (masc.). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lugar village, place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .lugarejo hamlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

malecn quay, mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mar sea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .margen shore, river bank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .marisma marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mdano dune, sandhill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .medio middle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .meridional southern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mesa, meseta tableland, plateau. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .mogote hummock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

molino mill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .monasterio monastery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .montaa mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .monte mountain, forest, group or clump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

of treesmonticulo knoll. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .moreno, a brown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .morro headland, bluff, head of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

breakwater, etc.muelle pier, jetty, mole. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .muralla wall of mountains, cliffs, etc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

negro, a black. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .norte north. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .nuevo, a new. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

obscuro, oscuro dark. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .occidental western. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .oeste west. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .oriental eastern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

palacio place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pan de azcar sugarloaf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pantano swamp, marsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pardo, a grey. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .parque park. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pasaje pasage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .paseo promenade, avenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .paso pass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pea rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .peal rocky. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .peasco large rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pennsula peninsula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pen rocky mountain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pequeo, a small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

petn pinnacle rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .picacho sharppeak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pico peak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .piedra stone, rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .placer shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .playa beach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .poblacin town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .poblado village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

poniente western. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pozo well, deep hole in river or sea bed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .presa barrage, wier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .promontorio promontory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .provincia province. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pueblecito small town, village. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pueblito hamlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .pueblo town. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .puente bridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .puerto port, harbour. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .punta point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .puntal narrow point. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

quebrada ravine, gully. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

rada roadstead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .redondo, a round. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .regato torrent, stream. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .restinga reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .reventazones breakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ra fjordlike river estuary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .riachuelo rivulet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ribera shore, river bank. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .riera stream, dry in summer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rincn inner angle or corner, a small. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

cove or corner in a large bayro river. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .roca roadstead. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rocalloso, a pebbly, stony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rochel rocky patch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rodal shoal, usually rocky and of some. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

extentrojo, a red. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rompeolas breakwater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .rompientes breakers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .roquerio rocky shoal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

salinas salt pans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .san, santo, a saint. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .seco dry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .seno bight, sound. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .septentrional northern. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .serrana mountain ridge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sierra mountain range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .silla saddle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sotavento leeward. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sucio, a foul. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .sus, sur south. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .surgidero anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

tenedero holding ground, anchorage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tetas nipples, paps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tetn large nipples, pap. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .tierra land. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .torre tower. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .torrente torrent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

vado ford. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .valle valley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .varadero slipway. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vega plain (noun). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .verd green. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viejo, a old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .viga lookout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .villa town, villa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

villorio hamlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .volcn volcano. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

zona zone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Barcelona

C. S. Sebastian

NP67W.COASTSOFSPAIN&PORTUGALPILOT

C. San Antonio

Valencia

Formentera

Mallorca

C. Tortosa

Ibiza Cabrera

Menorca

I S L A S

B A L E A R E S

Gibraltar

Puerto de Ceuta

RasOu

eill s

C. oC rb

elin

C

RasT

ieta

Mad

ari

S P A I N

M O R O C C O

A L G E R I A

Alger

RasF

erra

t

3

3

4

4

44

2

2

6

6

5

91

1701

1704

2717

165

1703

1700

1910

1780

252

2437

774

773

1909

1702

0605

42

41

40

39

38

37

36

35

34

6 5 4 3 2 Meridian of 0 Greenwich 2 3 4 5

6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5

Chapter Index Diagram

Mediterranean Pilot Vol I

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1

LAWS AND REGULATIONS APPERTAINING TO NAVIGATION

While, in the interests of the safety of shipping, the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office makes every endeavour to include in itshydrographic publications details of the laws and regulations of all countries appertaining to navigation, it must be clearly understood:-

(a) that no liability whatever will be accepted for failure to publish details of any particular law or regulation, and

(b) that publication of details of a law or regulation is solely for the safety and convenience of shipping and implies no recognition

of the international validity of the law or regulation.

MEDITERRANEAN PILOTVOLUME I

CHAPTER 1

NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONSCOUNTRIES AND PORTSNATURAL CONDITIONS

NAVIGATION AND REGULATIONS

LIMITS OF THE BOOK

Chart 43011.1

1 Area covered. This volume contains Sailing Directionsfor the coastal and offshore waters bordering the S and Ecoasts of Spain, the Islas Baleares, the N AfricanMediterranean coasts of Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.Also covered are Sicily, the Strait of Sicily and the S coastof Italy.1.2

1 Sea area. The sea area covered includes the Alborn

Sea, the Balearic Sea, the S part of the Tyrrhenian Sea andthe W part of the Ionian Sea. The area is defined as withinthe following limits:

Lat Long

From the Gibraltar/Spanish border 3610N 520W

E and N along the Spanish coast to theSpain/France border

4226N 310E

E to position 4226N 500E

SE to position 3830N 700E

E to position 3830N 1000E

ENE to position 3900N 1200E

E to Capo Suvero 39

00

N 16

10

ES, E and N to Capo Santa Maria diLeuca at the entrance to the Adriatic Sea

3948N 1822E

Lat Long

S to position 3400N 1822E

W to position 3400N 1200E

SW to Ras Ajdir near the Tunisia/Libyaborder

3310N 1134E

W along the N African coasts of Tunisia,Algeria and Morocco to a position closeS of Ceuta

3552N 521W

N to rejoin the Gibraltar/Spanish border 3610N 520W

NAVIGATIONAL DANGERS AND HAZARDS

Coastal conditions1.3

1 In all coastal areas covered by this volume the mariner,must keep a good look out for Tunny and other fishingactivities (1.8).

2 Spain. The coast along the S and E of Spain consists ofbusy traffic lanes (1.7) for commercial vessels offshorewith crowded pleasure craft activity closer inshore near thetourist and holiday resorts that abound along the coast. Inmost parts the coast can be closed to a short distance andthere are few off-lying dangers. The mariner needs to beaware of possible submarine exercise activity (2.3 and 3.5).

3 Islas Baleares. Most offshore traffic passes SE or NWof the islands on an NE-SW track. Pleasure craft activitycan be expected closer inshore near the tourist and holiday

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resorts. The mariner must be aware of the submarineexercise areas (4.5).

4 Moroccan coast. Most offshore traffic (1.7) passes about45 miles N of the Moroccan coast and N of Isla deAlborn (2.149) on a W-E track. Closer inshore marinersshould approach the coast with caution due to the age ofthe coastal surveys (5.5) from which charts have been

published. The mariner must be aware of the submarineexercise area (5.3).5 Algerian coast. Most offshore traffic (1.7) passes close

to the Algerian coast on a W-E track. Closer inshore andwhen approaching Algerian ports specific nationalregulations (1.37) need to be obeyed.

6 Tunisian coast. There are particularly highconcentrations of offshore traffic (1.7) through the les CaniTSS (7.26) and Cap Bon TSS (7.26). Further S only coastaltraffic pertains. The mariner must be aware of thepossibility of encountering marine exploitation activities(1.12).

7 Strait of Sicily. Most of the offshore traffic passes NEof Isola di Pantelleria (8.17) and the Maltese Islands (8.57).

The mariner must be aware of the possibility ofencountering marine exploitation activities (1.12).8 Sicilian coast. Most offshore traffic (1.7) passes S of

Capo Passero (13.119) bound either for the Adriatic Sea,Greece, Beirut or Port Said. Some traffic also transits N ofthe island, while N Mediterranean traffic transits N-Sthrough Stretto di Messina. Mariners need to be cautious ofthe strong currents which are experienced in the approachesto, and vicinity of Stretto di Messina. The mariner must beaware of the possibility of encountering marine exploitationactivities (1.12). Submarine and other exercise areas (13.2)are located to the E and SE of Sicilia.

9 Italian W coast. Most offshore traffic (1.7) headsthrough the Stretto di Messina, but a significant volumealso heads for the container terminal at Porto di Gioia

Tauro (11.52). The mariner must be cautious of the strongcurrents which are experienced in the approaches to, andvicinity of Stretto di Messina.

10 Italian S coast. Most offshore traffic (1.7) transitsNE-SW to and from the Adriatic Sea. Most traffic in theGolfo di Taranto is bound to and from Porto di Taranto(14.117) or its associated container terminal at PortoIndustriale Esterno (14.141). The mariner must be aware ofthe possibility of encountering marine exploitation activities(1.12). Submarine and other exercise areas (14.56) arelocated in the Golfo di Taranto. Certain weather conditions(14.61) regularly bring thick fog to the coasts of thisregion.

Floating hazards1.4

1 When underway, vessels are always at risk of collisionwith flotsam and jetsam. Floating logs or other debris maybe encountered at any time, accordingly Mariners areadvised to maintain a good lookout. Any such hazardsencountered, should be reported to the appropriate shoreauthorities so that a Navtex warning (1.24) can be madeand appropriate action taken.

Mine danger areas and explosives danger1.5

1 Many minefields were laid in the Mediterranean duringthe 19391945 war. Due to the lapse of time, the risk tosurface navigation from mines in the area covered by this

volume is now considered to be no more than the ordinaryhazards of navigation.

2 Some ships carrying explosives have also been sunk inthe area covered by this volume. Additionally, after thewar, explosives were dumped at sea in certain locations.All declared mine danger areas and explosive danger areasare marked on the charts. For additional information about

mines and explosives see The Mariners Handbook andAnnual Notice to Mariners Number 6.3 Consequent to the above, a risk does still exist with

regard to anchoring, fishing or any other form of submarineactivity close to the seabed in the following declared MineDanger areas (MDA) or Explosive danger areas:

ItalyMDA:Capo Colonne (14.69)

4 Explosives danger areas:Golfo di Sant Eufemia (11.10).Capo Molini (13.9).Porto di Augusta (13.102).

Capo dell Armi (14.7).Capo Spartivento (14.10)Golfo di Taranto (14.102).Taranto (14.132).Torre Chianca (14.187).Punta del Pizzo (14.187).

5 SiciliaExplosives danger areas:NE of Trapani (9.10).SSW of Punta Bassana (9.10).WSW of Porto Empedocle (9.10).Capo Mongerbino (10.17).Golfo di Castellammare (10.29).

Capo Rama (10.29).Capo dOrlando (10.106).

SpainExplosives danger area:Cabo Tioso (2.165)

Piracy, armed robbery and terrorism1.6

1 Since 1995, there have been seven reported incidents ofpiracy or attempted armed robbery against ships in thewaters covered by this volume. The mariner should be alertto the risk of such activity, especially when in port.

After the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in theUSA, there is now a real international fear that terroristscould use a ship as a weapon. Consequently, security needsto be a top priority for all mariners.

TRAFFIC AND OPERATIONS

Traffic1.7

1 Concentrations of shipping. Major routes through thearea covered by this volume predominantly lead E-W fromthe Strait of Gibraltar via the Strait of Sicily to the AdriaticSea, the Aegean Sea, the E Mediterranean and the SuezCanal. Alternately, routes lead NE-SW to the Balearic Sea,

Gulf of Lions, Ligurian Sea and Tyrrhenian Sea. Foradditional information see the Admiralty Ocean Passagesfor the World.

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2 Navigation routeing east bound:

East bound. Vessels proceeding E from the Strait ofGibraltar should pass about 10 miles N of Isla de

Alborn (2.149) and about 20 miles S of Cabo deGata (2.138). Vessels bound along the Africancoast should pass the salient points at a distancebetween 10 and 20 miles, thence passing through

the Canal de la Galite (7.9). Vessels should thenpass about 5 miles N of Ras Ben Sekka (7.18),7 miles N of les Cani (7.32) in the TSS, 5 milesNNE of Cap Bon (7.32) in the TSS, and 5 milesNE of Isola di Pantelleria (8.17) a nd Gawdex(Gozo) (8.59); thence as prudent navigation allows.

3 North-east bound. Vessels bound for ports in the Npart of the W Mediterranean Sea should keep atabout 20 miles from the coast of Spain afterrounding Cabo de Gata (2.138) and take departurefor their destinations when abreast Cabo de San

Antonio (2.258).4 Palermo bound. Vessels bound for Palermo (10.51),

take departure from Cabo de Gata (2.138) and

make for the N side of Sicilia, giving Keith Reef(8.11) a wide berth.Navigation routeing west bound:

5 From the E Mediterranean. Vessels bound W forthe Strait of Gibraltar from the E part of theMediterranean Sea should pass S of Sicilia. TheE-going current (1.132) m ay be a voided bykeeping N of le de la Galite (7.9), thence makingdirect for Cabo de Gata (2.138) and then followthe Spanish coast as closely as navigation permits.

6 From Barcelona.Vessels make Cabo de San Antonio(2.258) direct and, after rounding Cabo de Gata(2.138), follow the Spanish coast as closely asnavigation permits.

7 From Italian ports. Vessels proceeding from Italianports make the Spanish coast at Cabo de Palos(2.273), if passing N of Islas Baleares, or at Cabode Gata if passing S of Islas Baleares.

8 Traffic separation schemes:

IMO adopted TSS are established at the followingfocal waterways:

Strait of Gibraltar 35563N 5450Wto35591N 5256W

Cabo de Gata TSS (2.75) 36362N 2069Wto36380N 2007W

les Cani TSS (7.26) 37317N 10076E

Cap Bon TSS (7.26) 37117N 11063E

Cabo de Palos (2.273) 37324N 0342Wto37350N 0309W

Cabo de la Nao (2.258) 38378N 0217Eto38427N 0259E

9 Algerian TSS. Traffic separation schemes establishedby the Algerian Government are located at thefollowing focal waterways:

Approaches to Skikda (6.257) 3705

N 6

44

E and

3704N 703E

10 Spanish TSS. Traffic separation schemes establishedby the Spanish Government are located at thefollowing focal waterways:

Approaches to Castellon (3.86) 3957N 005E

Approaches to Barcelona(3.210)

4120N 212E

11 Italian TSS. Traffic separation schemes establishedby the Italian Government are located at thefollowing focal waterways:

Stretto di Messina TSS (12.13) 38140N 15366E

Approaches to Taranto TSS(14.136)

40240N 17100E

For additional information concerning Traffic separationschemes see Annual Notice to Mariners Number 17.

12 Ferries. Numerous fe rry routes c r iss-cross theMediterranean between national mainlands and their variousoff-lying islands. There are also regular ferry routesbetween N African ports and European Mediterraneanports. Some of these routes will cross main shipping routes

and mariners are advised to keep a good lookout. Aparticularly high density of ferry traffic exists in Stretto diMessina (12.1).

13 High speed ferries operate in the area covered by thisvolume, and mariners are advised to keep a good lookout.Some high speed craft (HSC) may generate large waves,

which can have a serious impact on small craft and theirmoorings close inshore and on shallow off-lying banks.

Additional information on HSC is available in AnnualNotice to Mariners Number 23.

14 Deep-draught vessels. Many deep-draught vesselsnavigate through the area covered by this volume. They areslow to manoeuvre and special rules pertain under the

International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.Mariners are advised to keep a good lookout. Masters ofdeep-draught vessels must be aware of their under-keelallowance at all times. Further information on under-keelallowance is available in the Mariners Handbook and inthe Annual Notice to Mariners Number 15.

15 Pleasure craft. Numerous pleasure craft navigatethrough the area covered by this volume, especially duringthe summer months. Particularly high numbers can beexpected in the vicinity of the Spanish and Italianmainlands and offshore islands. Mariners are advised tokeep a good lookout.

16 Ship movement reporting systems and requirements:

TSS. See above for locations of TSS and AdmiraltyList of Radio Signals Volume 6(3) for reportingrequirements.

Vessels carrying Dangerous or Polluting Goods.See 1.26 and Admiralty List of Radio SignalsVolume 6(3) for reporting requirements.

17 Ports. For reporting requirements, see the Pilots andPort information sect ions l isted under theappropriate port name in Admiralty List of Radio

Signals Volume 6(3).

Fishing1.8

1 General remarks. Fishing is carried out throughout theyear with seasonal concentrations in various localities.Much of the fishing is conducted in coastal waters.

2 Fishing methods. The principal methods of sea fishingcovered by this volume are: Trawling, pair-trawling,gill-netting, long-lining, seabed otter trawling and potting.

A general description of the fishing methods common in

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European waters together with a description of associatedequipment and type of vessel are given in the MarinersHandbook.

3 Tunny fishing. During certain seasons of the year,fishing nets of large size are moored off many of the coastscovered by this volume, for the purpose of catching tunnyfish. These nets, which sometimes extend up to 7 miles

offshore, should be avoided. The nets can obviously bedamaged if vessels pass over them, however, the nets areusually of such strength that, should the propeller becomefouled, the vessel may be unable to navigate safely.

4 In most cases the nets are marked by buoys or boatscarrying lights see below. The general areas where thesenets may be encountered are detailed in the appropriatechapter and section of this book.

In 1985 tunny fisheries in the Mediterranean began todecline and many semi-permanent obstructions relating totunny nets were being lifted.

5 Tunny nets and fishing technique. These nets, from 30to 40 m in depth, are held in position by a special systemof mooring lines, the upper part of the net being attached

by vertical lines, to a hawser (sommo), which is secured byanchors at suitable intervals and kept afloat by bundles ofcorks. Another hawser (piombo) is attached at the lowerside of the net, and weighted by large pieces of stone.These nets act as guides to direct the passage of the fishwhich seldom attempt to pierce them.

6 The tunnery proper is divided into several chamberswhich are closed or opened by raising or lowering netcoverings. Watchmen in boats are constantly on the lookoutfor the fish, and by means of the net coverings, the fish areallowed to pass through the various chambers until theyreach the last (the chamber of death). This last chamberwhich is made of close and heavy hemp netting, and with abottom, is hauled over a pontoon, thus obliging the fish tocome to the surface, where they are dispatched by gaffs,

fastened to the ends of short poles.7 Tunny fishing season. The season varies somewhat in

different parts. Details are as follows:

Area Approximate dates

S and E coasts of Spain,Islas Baleares,Off the N coast of Morocco

1st February to30th September

Off the coast of Algeria 15th March to10th November

Off the coast of Tunisia the seasonvaries in different locations

Commences:March to May.Ends:July to November

Off the coasts of Sicilia and Italy March to November

8 Tunny fishing areas. Tunny fishing usually takes placein depths of 15 m to 40 m, and within 10 miles of thecoast. On dark nights, small vessels may be encounteredfishing by the lights of flares. These, owing to theundulating motion of the sea, may have the appearance ofwhite flashing lights and must not be mistaken fornavigational lights.

9 Spanish waters Marking of tunny nets. Each tunnynet is marked by two boats or buoys; one about cablesto seaward of the net and the other about cable to

seaward of the outermost warp. These boats or buoysshow:10 By day: A white flag, with a black A in its centre.

At night: Two red lights, disposed vertically, on thefirst-mentioned boat or buoy, and a red light abovea white on the other.

11 New system. A new system of marking tunnyfisheries should have by now (2005) beenimplemented. Fisheries should be marked bylight-buoys (cardinal), with a nominal range of not

less than 3 miles, at the outer points of the area.12 Tunisian waters Marking of tunny nets. The cornersof the areas containing tunny nets are marked by buoyssurmounted by two balls, the upper one white and thelower one red.

13 These buoys are moored on the alignment of wooden oriron beacons erected on the coast and surmounted by twoballs similarly mounted.

The outermost part of the net is marked by a float witha mast 5 m in height, on which the following signals areshown:

14 By day: A white ball above a red ball.By night: A white light above a red light.

Maltese waters Marking of tunny nets. The seaward

extremities of the nets are marked as follows:By day: A small conical buoy surmounted by a staffand ball.

15 By night: A boat exhibiting two white fixed lightsdisposed vertically.

Italian waters Marking of tunny nets. Tunny netsare marked exclusively by IALA special marks.

Marks and lights are established on boats or floats at theouter central part of the net. Extensive tunny nets mayhave two marks, one at each corner, on the seaward end ofthe nets.

16 Drift net fishing for swordfish. Drift net fishing forswordfish may be encountered off the coasts of some ofthe countries covered by this volume, particularly off Italy.Several parts of the Italian coastline, specifically within

3 miles of Capo dell Armi (14.10) and Capo Spartiventolighthouse (14.9) have prohibitions against such driftnetting. Additionally, it is prohibited in the approaches andvicinity of some Italian ports.

17 Night fishing with gill nets. Night fishing takes place inItalian waters (13.3), during the summer months, in thearea between Promontorio di Taormina (13.12) and CapoMurro di Porco (13.104) and up to 30 miles from the coast.Fishing is carried out by staked nets, marked on the surfaceby a long line of white lights. Mariners should keep alookout for small craft which are difficult to see against thebackground of lighted nets.

18 Trawling in Italian waters from sailing or poweredvessels is prohibited within 3 miles of the coast unless the

depth of water is over 50 m.Drag-net fishing. On the approach of another vessel,Spanish vessels engaged in drag-net fishing, exhibit atorch-light or flare on the side on which the net is, inaddition to the lights prescribed by the InternationalRegulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.

19 Pair trawling. When trawlers are working in pairs andit is desired to warn an approaching vessel not to passbetween them, a flare will be exhibited on the same side asthat on which is the trawl, in addition to the lightsprescribed by the International Regulations for PreventingCollisions at Sea.

20 Marine farms may be encountered off the

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Carte Pilot M. Mediterana Vol. I