United Nations Expert Group Meeting onUnited Nations Expert Group Meeting on Contemporary Practices in Census Mapping and Contemporary Practices in Census Mapping and

Use of Geographical Information SystemsUse of Geographical Information Systems

ESRI Experience in the Use of GIS forESRI Experience in the Use of GIS forCensus Mapping ApplicationsCensus Mapping Applications

Carmelle J. Terborgh, Ph.D.Carmelle J. Terborgh, Ph.D.

ESRI – Global AffairsESRI – Global Affairs

cterborgh@esri.comcterborgh@esri.com

OutlineOutline

• GIS Technology for Census MappingGIS Technology for Census Mapping

– Pre-Enumeration – Data Design, Collection, and PreparationPre-Enumeration – Data Design, Collection, and Preparation

– Enumeration – Conducting the CensusEnumeration – Conducting the Census

– Post-Enumeration – Data Analysis, DisseminationPost-Enumeration – Data Analysis, Dissemination

• Presented with examples from work around the globePresented with examples from work around the globe

• Recommendations for the 2010 RoundRecommendations for the 2010 Round

Benefits of using GIS for Census ActivitiesBenefits of using GIS for Census Activities

• Benefits in both effectiveness Benefits in both effectiveness and efficiency for:and efficiency for:– data creation/collectiondata creation/collection– geodatabase developmentgeodatabase development– digital mappingdigital mapping– data analysisdata analysis– web mappingweb mapping– GIS web servicesGIS web services

• These include:These include:– productivity gain and time productivity gain and time

savings,savings,– cost savings/cost avoidance,cost savings/cost avoidance,– greater credibility and authority greater credibility and authority

of map products,of map products,– better service,better service,– increased accuracy,increased accuracy,– improved consistency,improved consistency,– income generation,income generation,– improved analysis,improved analysis,– improved policy-making,improved policy-making,– improved data sharing, andimproved data sharing, and– improved outreach. improved outreach.

Source: United Nations, DESA - Statistical Division, Source: United Nations, DESA - Statistical Division, Handbook on geographic information systems and digital mapping, Handbook on geographic information systems and digital mapping, 20002000

Census MappingCensus MappingGIS is the platformGIS is the platform

AuthorAuthor

ServeServe

UseUse

CollectCollect

Pre-Enumeration - Data Design, Collection, and Pre-Enumeration - Data Design, Collection, and Preparation (Data Management)Preparation (Data Management)

• Data Design Data Design – Census Data ModelsCensus Data Models

• Development of Census GeographiesDevelopment of Census Geographies– Defining Enumeration AreasDefining Enumeration Areas– Coding SchemesCoding Schemes

Census Model from ESRI Support CenterCensus Model from ESRI Support Center

Geocoding in many countries… Geocoding in many countries… not an easy task!not an easy task!

• ““Situs Addressing in Africa”Situs Addressing in Africa” workshop workshop– United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) – United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA) –

Committee on Development Information (CODI IV) meeting in 2005Committee on Development Information (CODI IV) meeting in 2005

• Identified five (5) types of geocoding systems that would Identified five (5) types of geocoding systems that would be needed to effectively locate settlements in an African be needed to effectively locate settlements in an African context:context:

1.1. Urban Street Addressing - planned communitiesUrban Street Addressing - planned communities

2.2. Urban Situs Addressing - less planned communities (no street Urban Situs Addressing - less planned communities (no street names/numbers)names/numbers)

3.3. Urban Informal Settlements Addressing - in slum areasUrban Informal Settlements Addressing - in slum areas

4.4. Rural Area Addressing - few settlementsRural Area Addressing - few settlements

5.5. Traditional Area Addressing - tribal areasTraditional Area Addressing - tribal areas

Statistics South Africa (Stats SA)Statistics South Africa (Stats SA)

• Stats SA has developed a geo-referenced dwelling frame Stats SA has developed a geo-referenced dwelling frame which is a complete, up-to-date database of all dwellings which is a complete, up-to-date database of all dwellings and other structures in the country. and other structures in the country. – a coding scheme for dwelling units such that their location can be a coding scheme for dwelling units such that their location can be

foundfound

• Methodologies for:Methodologies for:– Urban Formal AreasUrban Formal Areas– Informal AreasInformal Areas

• Lesser Dense Urban Informal AreasLesser Dense Urban Informal Areas

• Dense Urban Informal AreasDense Urban Informal Areas

• Traditional AreasTraditional Areas

• FarmsFarms

Source: GeoReferenced Dwelling Frame ProjectSource: GeoReferenced Dwelling Frame Projecthttp://mapserver.statssa.gov.za/geographywebsite/docs/dwell/detail_specification_docv6.pdf

Geodatabase DevelopmentGeodatabase Development

• Scanning, georeferencing, and vectorizationScanning, georeferencing, and vectorization of existing of existing paper maps to develop digital datasets;paper maps to develop digital datasets;

• Conversion of existing digital maps and datasetsConversion of existing digital maps and datasets into the into the desired data structure; desired data structure;

• Updating of digital datasetsUpdating of digital datasets since the last census activity since the last census activity to ensure that new settlements and roads are included to ensure that new settlements and roads are included and obsolete settlements are omitted from the and obsolete settlements are omitted from the enumeration activities; and/orenumeration activities; and/or

• Collection of aerial or satellite imagery followed by digital Collection of aerial or satellite imagery followed by digital feature extraction and ground-truthing with GPSfeature extraction and ground-truthing with GPS to ensure to ensure proper georeferencing of the images.proper georeferencing of the images.

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan – Department The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan – Department of Statistics (DOS) of Statistics (DOS)

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District boundaries of part of Amman city are converted to digital form using center lines on cadastral maps from the Jordan Land & Survey Department

Source of street namesBuilding numbers and land parcels from municipal government

1

2

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Department of Statistics, Royal Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, with cooperation from USAID Amman, ESRI, and InfoGraph - a Jordanian GIS firm

Hong Kong - Census and Statistical Department (CASD) Hong Kong - Census and Statistical Department (CASD) of the Government of the Hong Kong Special of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China

• Digital Mapping System (DMS) Digital Mapping System (DMS) – Updating the sampling frame Updating the sampling frame

• linking the spatial data and textual records of buildings/structures to facilitate the linking the spatial data and textual records of buildings/structures to facilitate the updating process and delineating boundary segments,updating process and delineating boundary segments,

– Allocation of assignmentsAllocation of assignments

– Itinerary planningItinerary planning

– Production of tailor-made and Production of tailor-made and

up-to-date maps of good quality up-to-date maps of good quality

to support fieldwork operation to support fieldwork operation

– Data compilation from several Data compilation from several

agencies:agencies:• Lands DepartmentLands Department• Planning DepartmentPlanning Department• and the Census and Statistics Department and the Census and Statistics Department

Enumeration – Conducting the CensusEnumeration – Conducting the Census

• Perhaps the biggest new opportunity for census work in Perhaps the biggest new opportunity for census work in 2010 -2010 -– Enumerators enabled with Mobile Computing Devices that include Enumerators enabled with Mobile Computing Devices that include

GIS and GPS GIS and GPS

• More on this in a moment…More on this in a moment…

Post-Enumeration - Data AnalysisPost-Enumeration - Data Analysis

• Analysis of the results with Desktop GIS, such as Analysis of the results with Desktop GIS, such as ArcGIS Desktop productsArcGIS Desktop products

• Development of maps for dissemination to the publicDevelopment of maps for dissemination to the public

Source: NOAA Coastal Services Center – Community Vulnerability Assessment Source: NOAA Coastal Services Center – Community Vulnerability Assessment

Costa Rica – INECCosta Rica – INEC

• Map Distribution from WebsiteMap Distribution from Website

Percentage of PopulationPercentage of Populationwith Waterwith Water

Internal MigrationInternal Migrationof Populationof Population

Improved GraphingImproved GraphingEnriching the Understanding of GIS Data SetsEnriching the Understanding of GIS Data Sets

• New Graphing EngineNew Graphing Engine• Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis • Linked Maps, Graphs & Tables Linked Maps, Graphs & Tables • Dynamic Feature SelectionDynamic Feature Selection• Animation Animation • TimeTime

ArcGIS Desktop 9.2: Graphing - More ControlArcGIS Desktop 9.2: Graphing - More Control

• Color matching between graph and map layerColor matching between graph and map layer• Enhanced control over all graph elementsEnhanced control over all graph elements

Post-Enumeration - DisseminationPost-Enumeration - Dissemination

• Web Mapping and GIS ServicesWeb Mapping and GIS Services– Web browsersWeb browsers– Geovisualization applicationsGeovisualization applications

• Database and Mapping Application on CDDatabase and Mapping Application on CD– Free, embeddable mapping applicationFree, embeddable mapping application– Free data viewerFree data viewer

Costa Rica – National Office for Census and Costa Rica – National Office for Census and Statistics (INEC) Statistics (INEC) www.inec.go.crwww.inec.go.cr

US - Census BureauUS - Census Bureau

US - Census Bureau US - Census Bureau Cartographic Boundary FilesCartographic Boundary Files

US - Census Bureau US - Census Bureau Cartographic Boundary FilesCartographic Boundary Files

US - Census Bureau US - Census Bureau American Fact FinderAmerican Fact Finder

• Thematic Maps (Data)Thematic Maps (Data)• Reference Maps (Boundaries)Reference Maps (Boundaries)

Japan - Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Japan - Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Affairs and Communications

• Statistics GIS PlazaStatistics GIS Plaza• http://gisplaza.stat.go.jphttp://gisplaza.stat.go.jp

Japan - Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Japan - Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and CommunicationsAffairs and Communications

AreaAreaSelectionSelection

CadastralCadastralMapMap

GraphGraphSettingsSettings

Graph and MapGraph and Map

Getting Ready for 2010!Getting Ready for 2010!

The 1891 Census in the UKCartoon from "Punch", nineteenth century

US - Census Bureau - Preparing for 2010 CensusUS - Census Bureau - Preparing for 2010 CensusA paperless census?A paperless census?

US - Census Bureau - Preparing for 2010 Census US - Census Bureau - Preparing for 2010 Census

Mobile Computing Devices (MCDs) with GPS and ArcPadMobile Computing Devices (MCDs) with GPS and ArcPad

ESRI is getting ready for 2010…ESRI is getting ready for 2010…

• ArcPad mobile GIS platformArcPad mobile GIS platform

• Field Data Collection Automation (FDCA) project Field Data Collection Automation (FDCA) project

for the 2010 Decennial Censusfor the 2010 Decennial Census

• Harris Corporation selected by the Harris Corporation selected by the

U.S. Census Bureau U.S. Census Bureau

• FDCA program supports census field FDCA program supports census field

enumerators enumerators – GPS-enabled mobile devicesGPS-enabled mobile devices

– ESRI’s ArcPad software selectedESRI’s ArcPad software selected

• performance, productivity, enterprise GIS integration, and performance, productivity, enterprise GIS integration, and

customization optionscustomization options

ESRI is getting ready for 2010…ESRI is getting ready for 2010…

• Districting for ArcGISDistricting for ArcGIS– Updated for Version 9.2 of ArcGIS DesktopUpdated for Version 9.2 of ArcGIS Desktop

• Create defined groupings of geographic data– census tracts, districts, ZIP codes, and precincts– by creating a districting plan

• Functionality– Redraw political boundaries – Set up sales territories – Define voting, school, and fire districts – Analyze population densities, housing breakdowns, income and

race statistics

ESRI is getting ready for 2010…ESRI is getting ready for 2010…

• Local Update of Census Addresses (LUCA)Local Update of Census Addresses (LUCA)– A new extension for ArcGISA new extension for ArcGIS– Built with CityGate GISBuilt with CityGate GIS– Part of the Census Bureau’s LUCA programPart of the Census Bureau’s LUCA program– Replicates the task and Replicates the task and

technical functionality of the technical functionality of the census Master Address File/census Master Address File/Topologically Integrated Topologically Integrated Geographic Encoding and Geographic Encoding and Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Referencing (MAF/TIGER) Partnership Software (MTPS) Partnership Software (MTPS)

– To be delivered later this year in To be delivered later this year in the August – October timeframethe August – October timeframeto to 40,000 local governments40,000 local governments

Managing and Disseminating Managing and Disseminating Geographic KnowledgeGeographic Knowledge

UsUsee

ServServee

AuthoAuthorr

Web MapWeb MapViewerViewer

DesktopDesktopGISGIS

3D3DExplorerExplorer

Server GISServer GIS

MobileMobileGISGIS

EnterpriseEnterpriseService BusService Bus

OpenOpenAPIsAPIs

Desktop GISDesktop GIS

Scalable HardwareScalable Hardware

. . . and Services Oriented. . . and Services Oriented

•FasterFaster•Multi ProcessorsMulti Processors•Loosely CoupledLoosely Coupled•ConnectedConnected

WebServices

Cell PhoneCell PhonePDAPDA

TabletTabletPCPC

LaptopLaptop

DesktopDesktop

ServerServer

Server Server ClusterCluster

BladeBladeServerServer

Now many GIS Clients - Consuming GIS Now many GIS Clients - Consuming GIS ServicesServices

GIS ClientsGIS Clients• Web BrowsersWeb Browsers• 3D GeoVisualization Tools3D GeoVisualization Tools• Desktop GISDesktop GIS• PDAs/MCDsPDAs/MCDs• Mobile PhonesMobile Phones

GIS ServicesGIS Services• RoutingRouting• GeocodingGeocoding• GazetteerGazetteer• Custom servicesCustom services

Where will our population be living in the future?Where will our population be living in the future?

Informal settlementsInformal settlements

• Complex geographiesComplex geographies

• In 2007, more people live in an urban In 2007, more people live in an urban

context than in a rural onecontext than in a rural one

• 50% of the urban settlements that will 50% of the urban settlements that will

exist in 2050 have not yet been exist in 2050 have not yet been

constructedconstructed

Source: Rosario Giusti de PerezSource: UN HABITAT

Recommendations for the 2010 RoundRecommendations for the 2010 Round

• Consider Consider appropriate GIS technologyappropriate GIS technology for each phase of for each phase of the Censusthe Census

• Desktop GISDesktop GIS– Data collection and preparation Data collection and preparation

• Automated raster-to-vector conversionAutomated raster-to-vector conversion• Imagery integrationImagery integration• Development of enumeration areasDevelopment of enumeration areas• Allocation of assignmentsAllocation of assignments

– Data analysisData analysis• Strong cartographic toolsStrong cartographic tools

– Data Dissemination with free data viewersData Dissemination with free data viewers

• Mobile GISMobile GIS– Integrates with GPS Integrates with GPS – Field data collectionField data collection

• Geographic location verificationGeographic location verification• NavigationNavigation

• Server GISServer GIS– Data disseminationData dissemination

• Web map publishingWeb map publishing• GIS Services (geocoding, gazetteer, etc.)GIS Services (geocoding, gazetteer, etc.)• GeoVisualization toolsGeoVisualization tools

Recommendations for the 2010 RoundRecommendations for the 2010 Round

• Consider the benefits of using GIS and imagery in areas Consider the benefits of using GIS and imagery in areas of of complex geographycomplex geography– Rural areasRural areas– Informal settlementsInformal settlements

• Adapt best practicesAdapt best practices to suit specific census requirements to suit specific census requirements• Partner with the Partner with the private sectorprivate sector

– Builds the geospatial component of your local, knowledge Builds the geospatial component of your local, knowledge economyeconomy

– Work jointly on coding efforts with telecom, postal service, etc.Work jointly on coding efforts with telecom, postal service, etc.– Value added solutions – higher demand for census dataValue added solutions – higher demand for census data

Let’s make sure that everyone counts!Let’s make sure that everyone counts!..and is counted!..and is counted!

Source: World Resources Institute Source: Robert Ford, LLU

GIS Day: November 14, 2007GIS Day: November 14, 2007An Opportunity to Share Your KnowledgeAn Opportunity to Share Your Knowledge…in 2009 – a focus on census mapping …in 2009 – a focus on census mapping ??????

Support GIS Day!Support GIS Day!

Thank you!Thank you!