Care of Patient With Kidney Stone

8/2/2019 Care of Patient With Kidney Stone

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What is a kidney stone?

A kidney stone is a solid piece of material thatforms from crystallization of excreted substancesin the urine. The stone may remain in the kidneyor break loose and travel down the urinary tract.

A small stone may pass all of the way out of thebody, but a larger stone can get stuck in aureter, the bladder, or the urethra. This mayblock the flow of urine and cause great pain.

A kidney stone may be as small as a grain of

sand or as large as a pearl, and some are as bigas golf balls. They may be smooth or jagged, andare usually yellow or brown in color.


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Who is affected by kidney

stones? Kidney stones are one of the most painful disorders,

and one of the most common disorders of the urinarytract. It is estimated that about a million people in theUnited States are treated for kidney stones each year.

Consider the following statistics: Caucasians are more prone to kidney stones than are

African-Americans. Although stones occur more frequently in men, the

number of women who develop kidney stones hasbeen increasing.

Kidney stones strike most people between the ages of20 and 40.

Once a person develops more than one stone, he/sheis more likely to develop additional stones.


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Types of kidney stones A kidney stone develops from crystals that

separate from urine and build up on theinner surfaces of the kidney. Normally,

urine contains chemicals that prevent orinhibit the crystals from forming.However, in some people, stonesstill form. Crystals that remain small

enough will travel through the urinarytract and pass out of the body in the urinewithout even being noticed.


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The four major types of kidney stones: Calcium is the most common type of stone.

Calcium can combine with other substances,

such as oxalate (the most commonsubstance), to form the stone. A uric acid stone may form when your urine

contains too much acid. A struvite stone may form after an infection

in your urinary system. Cystine stones are rare. The disease that

causes cystine stones runs in families.


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e symp oms o neystones

Extreme, sharp pain in the back or sidethat will not go away

Blood in the urine

Nausea and vomiting Cloudy or odorous urine Frequent urination A burning feeling when you urinate Fever and chills


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stones

Specific treatment for kidney stones willbe determined by your physician basedon:

your age, overall health, and medical

history extent of the disease your tolerance for specific medications,

procedures, or therapies expectations for the course of the

disease your opinion or preference


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CON. Some kidney stones pass out of the body

without any intervention by a physician.In cases that cause lasting symptoms or

other complications, kidney stones may betreated with various techniques, includingthe following:


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CON. shock waves or extracorporeal shock wave

lithotripsy (ESWL) - use of a machine to send shockwaves directly to the kidney stone to break a largestone into smaller stones that will pass through theurinary system. There are two types of shock wave

machines: with one machine, the patient sits in a tubof water, with the other, the patient lies on a table.

ureteroscope - a long wire with a camera attachedto it is inserted it into the patient's urethra andpassed up through the bladder to the ureter where

the stone is located. A cage is used to obtain thestone and remove it.


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Con . tunnel surgery (Also called

percutaneous nephrolithotomy.) - asmall cut is made in the patient's back

and a narrow tunnel is made through theskin to the stone inside the kidney. Thephysician can remove the stone throughthis tunnel.


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Kidney stones - self-care

Drinking a lot of fluid is important for treating andpreventing all types of kidney stones. Stayinghydrated (having enough fluid in your body) will keepyour urine diluted, and that makes it less likely stoneswill form.

Water is best. You can also drink ginger ale, lemon-lime sodas, and

fruit juices.

Drink enough liquids throughout the day to make at

least 2 quarts of urine every 24 hours. Drink enough to have light-colored urine. Dark yellow

urine is a sign you are not drinking enough.


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CON. If you drink bottled water, read the label. Make

sure it does not contain calcium or otheringredients that may be harmful. Ask your doctorif you are not sure.

Limit your coffee, tea, and cola to 1 or 2 cups aday. Caffeine may cause you to lose fluid tooquickly, and that can make you dehydrated.

Avoid these foods if you have uric acid stones:

alcohol, anchovies, sardines, oils, herring, organmeat (liver, kidney, and sweetbreads), legumes(dried beans and peas), gravies, mushrooms,spinach, asparagus.


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CON. Other suggestions for your diet include:

Do not eat more than 3 ounces of meat ateach meal.

Avoid fatty foods such as salad dressings, icecream, fried foods, and dressings.

Eat enough carbohydrates.

If you are losing weight, lose it slowly. Quickweight loss may cause uric acid stones form.


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Preventing kidney stones:

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and KidneyDiseases, the best ways to prevent kidney stones are thefollowing:

Drink more water. Up to 12 full glasses of water a day canhelp to flush away the substances that form stones in the

kidneys. Ginger ale, lemon-lime sodas, and fruit juices areacceptable.

Limit coffee, tea, and cola to one or two cups a day. Thecaffeine may cause a rapid loss of fluid.

Consult your physician regarding dietary modifications.

Medications may be prescribed to prevent calcium and uricacid stones from forming.


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References http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/hea

lthcare_services/urinary_bladder_kidney/urogenital_disorders/overview_urogenital_disorders/kidney_stones/Pages/index.aspx

http://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-

zAodtUdJ_w

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000135.htm
http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/urinary_bladder_kidney/urogenital_disorders/overview_urogenital_disorders/kidney_stones/Pages/index.aspxhttp://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/urinary_bladder_kidney/urogenital_disorders/overview_urogenital_disorders/kidney_stones/Pages/index.aspxhttp://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/urinary_bladder_kidney/urogenital_disorders/overview_urogenital_disorders/kidney_stones/Pages/index.aspxhttp://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/urinary_bladder_kidney/urogenital_disorders/overview_urogenital_disorders/kidney_stones/Pages/index.aspxhttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000135.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000135.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000135.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/patientinstructions/000135.htmhttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://www.singhealth.com.sg/PatientCare/ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Minimally-Invasive-Surgery-Urology-robotic-surgery.aspx?gclid=CLWDyO39za4CFUO-zAodtUdJ_whttp://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/urinary_bladder_kidney/urogenital_disorders/overview_urogenital_disorders/kidney_stones/Pages/index.aspxhttp://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/urinary_bladder_kidney/urogenital_disorders/overview_urogenital_disorders/kidney_stones/Pages/index.aspxhttp://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/urinary_bladder_kidney/urogenital_disorders/overview_urogenital_disorders/kidney_stones/Pages/index.aspxhttp://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthcare_services/urinary_bladder_kidney/urogenital_disorders/overview_urogenital_disorders/kidney_stones/Pages/index.aspx


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Fawzia GH

Meaad

Samia

Documents

Care of Patient With Kidney Stone