Captulo 3Gramtica 1

Captulo 3Gramtica 1Verbs + el infinitiveInfinitivesverbs that are not conjugatedend in ar, -er, or -ir

Some verbs are followed by a preposition + an infinitiveprepositions are ALWAYS followed by the infinitive

Common prepositions:conwithdeof, fromatopor, paraforenin, on

Common expressions with prepositions:tratar detry toaprender alearn toayudar ahelpdejar destopsoar condream about

Common expressions with prepositions:comenzar astart toinsistir eninsist on

Remember: You can follow a conjugated verb by an infinitiveDebes hacer la tarea.You should do the homework.Pienso ir al cine.Im planning to go to the movies

If a verb is normally followed by the subjunctive, but DOESNT have a que you must use the infinitiveQuiero salir contigo esta noche.I want to go out with you tonight.

Captulo 3Gramtica 1Subjunctive with will or wishUWIERDOIf you speak about what you wish or will someone to douse the subjunctiveMis amigos insisten en que yo vaya a la escuelaMy friends insist that I go to school.

Verbs of wish and willesperar queto hope thatquerer queto wish, to want thatdesear queto desire thatinsistir en queto insist thatnecesitarto need that

Verbs of wish and willdecir queto tell someone topedir queto ask someone tomandar queto demand that

Verbs of wish and willexigir queto demand that

If there is no quedo NOT use the subjunctiveQuiero visitar a mis amigos.I want to visit my friends.

If there is no change of subjectdo NOT use the subjunctiveYo necesito encontrar mi libro.I need to find my book.

Captulo 3Gramtica 1Subjunctive with negation or denialUWIERDOTo negate or deny somethinguse the subjunctiveNo es verdad que haya un examen hoy.Its not true that theres an exam today.

Verbs of negation or denialNo es verdad queits not true thatNo creo queI dont think thatNo es cierto queIts not true that

Verbs of negation or denialnegar queto deny thatno estar de acuerdo queto not agree that

No negation, no subjunctive!es verdad que + indicativecreo que + indicative es cierto que + indicativees verdad que hay un examen hoy.

Captulo 3Gramtica 2Future tenseFormation of future tensekeep infinitiveadd endingssemos

n

Example: hablarhablar

hablars

hablarhablaremos

hablarn

-ar, -er, and ir verbsall have the same endings!

Irregular stems:cabercabr-decirdirhaberhabr-hacer--harpoderpodr-sabersabr-salirsaldr-tenertendr-Irregular stems:valervaldr-venirvendr-Future tense can also express probabilityTendremos mucha tarea esta noche.We will (probably) have a lot of homework tonight.

Future of estar + gerundio also expresses probabilityLos nios estarn comiendo el desayundo.The children will probably be eating breakfast.

Captulo 3Gramtica 2Conditional tenseThe conditional is used tosay what you would do or could do

Formation of condtional tensekeep infinitiveadd endingsdj vu!aasaamos

anExample: hablarhablara

hablaras

hablarahablaramos

hablaran-ar, -er, and ir verbsall have the same endings!Dj vu!

Irregular stems:cabercabr-decirdirhaberhabrehacer--harpoderpodr-sabersabr-salirsaldr-tenertendr-Irregular stems:Valervaldr-Venirvendr-The following expressions are often used with the conditional.Si yo fuera+ conditionalSi t fueras+ conditionalSi yo tuviera+ conditionalSi t tuvieras + conditionalSi yo pudiera+ conditionalSi t pudieras + conditionalThe following expressions are often used with the conditional.Si yo fuera el presidente, yo vivira en la Casa Blanca.If I were the president, I would live in the White House