CHAPTER 6

Introduction to Internet

Chapter 6

6.1 Identify each of the ARPANET and the INTERNET

• ARPANET was the network that became the basis for the Internet.

• ARPANET was developed under the direction of the U.S. Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

• In 1969, the idea became a modest reality with the interconnection of four university computers.

• The initial purpose was to communicate with and share computer resources among mainly scientific users at the connected institutions.

6.2 Basic Internet Definition

• ARPANet : The precursor to the Internet.• ASCII : American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The de

facto world wide standard code for alphanumeric characters.• Blacklist : Describes inappropriate advertisers on Usenet newsgroups

and via junk E-mail.• Browser: A program that is specifically used to look at various WWW

resources.• Client: Any computer that makes use of services available from other

computers.• Domain Name: A unique name that identifies an Internet site. The

name always has two or more parts separated by a dot. The last part of the name identifies the site ( i.e. gov for government, edu for education, com for commercial, or net for network). An electronic street address.

6.2 Basic Internet Definition

• E-mail: Messages, usually text, sent from one person to another via a computer.

• Fire Wall : A combination of hardware and software that separates a LAN into two or more parts for security purposes.

• Host :- A computer or software package which provides a specific kind of service to other computers. One that is seen by other computers on the Internet.

• LAN: Local Area Network. Several computers located in the same physical location which are connected together in order to share information and services.

• Modem: A device that allows a computer to use a phone line to communicate with another computer.

• Protocol: The rules of conduct which enables a computer to communicate with another computer.

6.2 Basic Internet Definition

• PPP: A protocol that allows a computer to use a telephone line and a modem to make TCP/IP connections.

• Server: Any computer that makes services available to other computers.

• TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. This is the protocol which defines the Internet.

• URL: Uniform Resource Locator. A unique name that identifies an Internet site.

• WWW: World Wide Web. The universe of hypertext servers.

6.3 Introduction to Internet

• It is a network of the interlinked computer networking worldwide, which is accessible to the general public.

• These interconnected computers work by transmitting data through a special type of packet switching which is known as the IP or the internet protocol.

• The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net. • The World Wide Web (www) is only a portion of what makes

up the internet, but it is the fastest growing part of the internet.

• The Web lets people, organizations and companies publish information for other people to see. This makes the Web a very useful tool for finding information on just about any topic.

6.3 Introduction to Internet

• The Web is a large number of computer documents or "Web pages" that are stored on computers around the world and are connected to one another using hyperlinks.

• These Web pages can be seen by anyone through their computer's "Web Browser," which is the program you are using now.

• A group of Web pages that follow the same theme and are connected together with hyperlinks is called a "Web site."

• Web sites and Web pages are written in a coding language that makes it possible to add pictures, sound and interactivity to plain old text, making people's reading experience more exciting.

6.4 What are the Browsers & Search Engines

6.4 What are the Browsers & Search Engines• Web browsers are programs used to explore the Internet. • There are many Web browser programs available including

Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer and Opera. • Internet Explorer is the Internet browser made by Microsoft

and comes with Windows operating system. • A Web Search Engine is designed to search for information

on the World Wide Web.• The search results are generally presented in a line of

results often referred to as search engine results pages (SERPs).

• The information may be a specialist in web pages, images, information and other types of files.

6.4 What are the Browsers & Search Engines

6.4 What are the Browsers & Search Engines• Google – is the most popular search engine in the world, and a

multinational, publicly-traded organization built around the company's hugely popular search engine.

– User can search for any information by writing what he is looking for in the search text box.

– Google can view the searched information as a web pages, pictures and there is a part for Maps, YouTube, and news.

– Google have its own E-Mail Application called “Gmail”.

6.5 What is E-Mail and How to Use it?

Email: e-mail: electronic mail a system for receiving, sending, and storing electronic messages preferred for both personal and business communication.

• A-How To Create E-Mail The most popular e-mail programs in the internet world are Yahoo and Hotmail.• create a new account in one of these programs to make an e-mail

by pressing on “Create New Account” to fill some information like personal information and pick up an e-mail address.

• If no problems occurred such as missing information then the user can establish using the e-mail for sending and receiving information.

6.5 What is E-Mail and How to Use it?

6.5 What is E-Mail and How to Use it?

• Messages sent by electronic mail normally reach a recipient’s account within seconds.

• They frequently include more than just text; images and numerous types of formatted documents are now easily included as attached files.

• If the user wants to read the coming emails he must press on “inbox” then pressing on the message.

• If the user wants to write a message to someone then he must press on “Compose Message”.

6.6 What is Signatures & Signature Files

a- Sending a Message• When the user wants to send a message he must know

the e-mail address for the recipient in the other side.• There is a text box named be “To” to write the e-mail

address in it.• the user can write the title of his message in a text box

named by “Subject”.• He can write the message in the bigger text box and

then press on “Send”.

6.6 What is Signatures & Signature Filesb-Compose Message

c-Attaching Files Also the user can attach a file which can contain a text, pictures or videos by pressing on “Attachment” button for attaching any file saved in the computer.

6.7 Internet Behavior and ETHICS

• You shall not use internet to harm other people. • You shall not snoop around in other people's

internet files.• You shall not use a internet to steal or hack. • You shall not use other people's internet resources

without authorization or proper compensation.• You shall always use internet in ways that show

consideration and respect for your fellow humans.• You should not upload articles that may scratch

others psychological manners.