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VOCABULARY• Janjaweed: a government funded armed tribal militia group within Sudan
• SLA: (Sudan Liberation Army) Sudanese rebel group, defied the Sudanese government
• JEM: (Justice and Equality Movement) Sudanese rebel group, defied the Sudanese government
• Omar al-Bashir: the president of Sudan who possesses almost all effective political power
Janjaweed militia entering a village on Camels
“US” = SLA + JEM + People of Darfur(Black Sudanese)
“THEM” = Janjaweed + Sudanese government (Arab Sudanese)
Genocide is racially based
8 STAGES• Origins of Conflict
Civil war
Tension btwn Darfurians + Arabs over land rights
Janjaweed = old rivals of SLA and JEM
Govt. neglect lead to poverty and starvation
Neglected children living in Darfur
8 STAGES
1956: Independence
from Britain
Civil War: North vs. South – ends in 1972
1983 – Civil War
starts again
1990’s – govt
ignores Darfur
violence
Feb. 2003 – rebel groups attack
2005 – Comprehensive
Peace Agreement
• Timeline
8 STAGES• State Sovereignty
Authoritarian govt, all power given to President Omar al-Bashir
Sept. 2004 – UN proposes resolution putting sanctions against Sudan’s leaders Haven’t done so, afraid to challenge state sovereignty
Sudan’s president Omar al-Bashir
8 STAGES• How genocide is carried out
Muslim Arab Sudanese killing Muslim Black Sudanese (Classification)
Carried out by Janjaweed
Sudanese leaders fund and supply Janjaweed (Organization, Preparation)
Enter villages, kill men, rape women, burn houses, destroy entire villages, separate families, shoot those trying to escape (Dehumanization, Extermination)
Escapees travel to Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps
Pollute water + cut off economic resources
8 STAGES
Total Deaths Displaced Civilians
Deaths per Day
Deaths per Month
+400,000 +2,000,000 500 15,000
• Statistics
President Omar al-Bashir is claiming to have only lost around 10,000 lives (denial)
8 STAGES – REVIEW
a) Classification – black Africans vs. Arab Africans
b) Symbolization – no specific examples
c) Dehumanization – harming people, separating families, raping women
d) Organization – govt. funded Janjaweed, planned route of villages
e) Polarization – no help or protection
f) Preparation – govt. cut off Darfur
g) Extermination – burning villages, killing people
h) Denial – reject evidence of genocide
Suffering children of Darfur
INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE
• Sep, 2004 – US Secretary of State declared this an act of genocide
• US and UN initiated + supported peace agreements, but many countries will not sign up/will not follow them once signed
USA
• June 2005 – ICC investigated human rights violations in Darfur
• March, 2009 – ICC issued arrest warrants for al-Bashir, Ahmad Harun, + militia leader Ali Kushayb
International Community
INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE• Justice/Recovery
Genocide still going on
Justice began thru US and international response, but there is still so much more to be done
Some death rates have declined (as a part of recovery), but many people are still suffering/being harmed
Many injuries and health concerns still exist and will continue to affect Darfurians even once genocide is ended
Corpses in Darfur
WORK CITED• "11 Facts About Darfur." Do Something. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
• BBC News. BBC, 14 Mar. 2013. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
• "Council on Foreign Relations." Council on Foreign Relations. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
• "Darfur ConflictPeace Elusive in War-torn Region." Darfur Conflict. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
• "Darfur Genocide | World Without Genocide." Darfur Genocide | World Without Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
• "The Basic Facts about Darfur." The Basic Facts about Darfur. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
• "The Free Automatic Bibliography and Citation Maker." EasyBib. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
• "United Human Rights Council." United Human Rights Council. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.
• "United to End Genocide." United to End Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.