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By Clare Brennan DARFUR GENOCIDE

By Clare Brennan DARFUR GENOCIDE. Map of Sudan and the Darfur region

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By Clare Brennan

DARFUR GENOCIDE

Map of Sudan and the Darfur region

VOCABULARY• Janjaweed: a government funded armed tribal militia group within Sudan

• SLA: (Sudan Liberation Army) Sudanese rebel group, defied the Sudanese government

• JEM: (Justice and Equality Movement) Sudanese rebel group, defied the Sudanese government

• Omar al-Bashir: the president of Sudan who possesses almost all effective political power

Janjaweed militia entering a village on Camels

“US” = SLA + JEM + People of Darfur(Black Sudanese)

“THEM” = Janjaweed + Sudanese government (Arab Sudanese)

Genocide is racially based

8 STAGES• Origins of Conflict

Civil war

Tension btwn Darfurians + Arabs over land rights

Janjaweed = old rivals of SLA and JEM

Govt. neglect lead to poverty and starvation

Neglected children living in Darfur

8 STAGES

1956: Independence

from Britain

Civil War: North vs. South – ends in 1972

1983 – Civil War

starts again

1990’s – govt

ignores Darfur

violence

Feb. 2003 – rebel groups attack

2005 – Comprehensive

Peace Agreement

• Timeline

8 STAGES• State Sovereignty

Authoritarian govt, all power given to President Omar al-Bashir

Sept. 2004 – UN proposes resolution putting sanctions against Sudan’s leaders Haven’t done so, afraid to challenge state sovereignty

Sudan’s president Omar al-Bashir

8 STAGES• How genocide is carried out

Muslim Arab Sudanese killing Muslim Black Sudanese (Classification)

Carried out by Janjaweed

Sudanese leaders fund and supply Janjaweed (Organization, Preparation)

Enter villages, kill men, rape women, burn houses, destroy entire villages, separate families, shoot those trying to escape (Dehumanization, Extermination)

Escapees travel to Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps

Pollute water + cut off economic resources

Villages in Darfur being burned down and destroyed

8 STAGES

Total Deaths Displaced Civilians

Deaths per Day

Deaths per Month

+400,000 +2,000,000 500 15,000

• Statistics

President Omar al-Bashir is claiming to have only lost around 10,000 lives (denial)

8 STAGES – REVIEW

a) Classification – black Africans vs. Arab Africans

b) Symbolization – no specific examples

c) Dehumanization – harming people, separating families, raping women

d) Organization – govt. funded Janjaweed, planned route of villages

e) Polarization – no help or protection

f) Preparation – govt. cut off Darfur

g) Extermination – burning villages, killing people

h) Denial – reject evidence of genocide

Suffering children of Darfur

INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE

• Sep, 2004 – US Secretary of State declared this an act of genocide

• US and UN initiated + supported peace agreements, but many countries will not sign up/will not follow them once signed

USA

• June 2005 – ICC investigated human rights violations in Darfur

• March, 2009 – ICC issued arrest warrants for al-Bashir, Ahmad Harun, + militia leader Ali Kushayb

International Community

INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE• Justice/Recovery

Genocide still going on

Justice began thru US and international response, but there is still so much more to be done

Some death rates have declined (as a part of recovery), but many people are still suffering/being harmed

Many injuries and health concerns still exist and will continue to affect Darfurians even once genocide is ended

Corpses in Darfur

WORK CITED• "11 Facts About Darfur." Do Something. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.

• BBC News. BBC, 14 Mar. 2013. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.

• "Council on Foreign Relations." Council on Foreign Relations. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.

• "Darfur ConflictPeace Elusive in War-torn Region." Darfur Conflict. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.

• "Darfur Genocide | World Without Genocide." Darfur Genocide | World Without Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.

• "The Basic Facts about Darfur." The Basic Facts about Darfur. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.

• "The Free Automatic Bibliography and Citation Maker." EasyBib. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.

• "United Human Rights Council." United Human Rights Council. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.

• "United to End Genocide." United to End Genocide. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 Mar. 2013.