By: Chealsea Slider6 t h period .

Manifest DestinyOregon CountryTexasNew MexicoCaliforniaUtah

By: Chealsea Slider6 t h period .

Manifest DestinyOregon CountryTexasNew MexicoCaliforniaUtah

MANIFEST DESTINY Manifest Destiny— An idea popular in the United States during the 18oos that the country must expand its boundaries to the Pacific.

James L. O’Sullivan came

up with the slogan in 1845

MANIFEST DESTINY

Oregon CountryThe Oregon Country is a huge area of land between the Pacific ocean and the Rockies Mountains, north of California. Washington, Oregon,

Idaho, Montana and Wyoming came from the Oregon Country. The Oregon

Country came from the Treaty with Great Britain

Oregon Country

Oregon Trail:• The Oregon Trail took 2,000

miles to travel.• It started in the Mississippi

Valley.• It went through the Great

Plains and Rocky Mountains.• The Oregon Trail crossed the

Platte River, Snake River and the Columbia River .

The “Forty-four Forty or Fight,” was James K. Polk’s slogan for his campaign. The slogan referred to the line of latitude that Democrats believed should be the nation’s northern border in Oregon

TexasTexasMain Idea:

-Texas won their independence from Mexico

and asked to be admitted to the United States

The conflict over Texas started in 1803.

Stephen F. Austin organized a colony, he recruited 300

American families to settle along the Brazos and the

Colorado River of Texas. The first settlers became know

as the “Old Three Hundred.”In 1830, the Mexican government issued a decree that stopped all immigration from the United States, this official order angered the Americans.In 1833 Santa Anna became President of Mexico.

The Alamo was a small Texan force barricaded

inside a nearby mission.

Texas declared their independence on March 2, 1836 at Washington-on-the-Brazos.

Sam Houston became the commander in chief after

Texas declared their independence

Texas ; San JacintoTexas; San Jacinto

The Battle of San Jacinto happened on April 21.

The Texans shouted “Remember the Alamo!

Remember the Alamo,” as they attacked Mexican

camps.

At the end of the battle Santa Anna signed a treaty that recognized the independence of Texas.

President Andrew Jackson refused to annex Texas, because the addition of

another slave state would upset the balance of slave

and free states.

Texas was annexed to the United States on December 29, 1845.

James K. Polk was the president when Texas was

annexed.

War With MexicoWar With Mexico

New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada and Utah and parts of Colorado and Wyoming were all located in the New Mexico Territory.

The Santa Fe trail was the route that William Becknell took to trade merchandise.

The trail left the Missouri River and crossed the

prairies to the Arkansas River. It followed the river

west toward the rocky Mountains before turning

south into New Mexico Territory.

The trade with New Mexico increased the Americans settling in the New Mexico region.

The Spanish used the missions in California to

convert Native Americans to Christianity.

John C. Fre`mont described California to have mild climate, scenic beauty and abundance of natural resources

War With MexicoWar With Mexico

Some Americans saw the advantage of extending the United States to the Pacific, that way the nation would be safely bordered by the sea instead of by a foreign power.

The United States insisted the Rio Grande was the

border of Texas.Mexico insisted that the

Nueces River was the border of Texas.

Polk called an emergency cabinet meeting because Mexico was invading the country.The cabinet agreed that the attack was grounds for war with Mexico.

Fredrick Douglass believed the war was “disgraceful”

and “cruel.” He felt this way because he believed that if the United States expanded into the

West, the Southern states would carry slavery into the

new territories.

War With MexicoWar With Mexico

The flag for the Republic of California showed a bear and a star on a white background.

Polk gave the task of capturing Mexico City to

General Winfield Scott.

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in February of 1848, ended the Mexican War.

In the treaty Mexico agreed that the Rio Grande is the

border of Texas.

In the Mexican Cession, Mexico gave the United States California and New Mexico for $15 million.

In 1853, the United States gave Mexico $10 million for

the Gadsden Purchase, which is a strip of the

southern edge of Arizona and New Mexico.

New Settlers In California and UtahNew Settlers In California and UtahThe Gold Rush happened in 1849 in California.The people who came to the mine were call forty-niners.

The forty-niners crossed the Sierra Nevada to get to California

Mexico, South America, Europe, Australia and China sent forty-niners to California

Boomtowns- new communities

As people arrived daily to California, San Francisco grew from a tiny town to a large city of more than 20,000 people.

A Jewish immigrant Levi Strauss sold the miners sturdy pants made of denim. He called them “Levi’s.”

New Settlers In California and UtahNew Settlers In California and Utah

A religious refuge in Utah:

The religion in Utah were Mormons, or members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

The founder of the church was Joseph Smith.

In 1844 a mob in Illinois killed Smith and Bringham Young took over as head of the Mormons.

Young believed the Mormons should settle near the Great Salt Lake in present day Utah.

In 1850 Congress established Utah as a state.

Causes and Effects of Westward Movement

Causes:

• Americans accept Manifest Destiny

• As the East becomes more crowded, Americans want more land.

• The West contains fur, lumber, and precious metals.

Causes: Effects:

• Native Americans are forced off their land.

• The United States wars with Mexico.

• The United States extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

Effects:

Causes and Effects of Westward Movement