Building Security and Access Control System Group Members: Abdulrahman Daher Saeed199901447 Khalid Younus Ali Kalbat199900132 Mohammed Ramadan Sarhan199905274

Building Security and Access Building Security and Access Control SystemControl System

Group Members:Group Members:Abdulrahman Daher SaeedAbdulrahman Daher Saeed 199901447199901447Khalid Younus Ali KalbatKhalid Younus Ali Kalbat 199900132199900132Mohammed Ramadan SarhanMohammed Ramadan Sarhan 199905274199905274Mohammed Numan ShehadehMohammed Numan Shehadeh 199901473199901473

Executive SummaryExecutive Summary

Designing and implementing a secure access and Designing and implementing a secure access and control system for an office buildingcontrol system for an office building

The system consists of two sites. The system consists of two sites. – system site system site

– local sitelocal site

The two sites are connected using serial The two sites are connected using serial communication RS-232 communication RS-232

Executive SummaryExecutive Summary

Local Site: Local Site: where the personal computer is located where the personal computer is located and a user interface program is installedand a user interface program is installed

System site: a keypad and a Liquid Crystal Display System site: a keypad and a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) are located at the entrance of the system(LCD) are located at the entrance of the system

The LCD is used to show all the needed messages to The LCD is used to show all the needed messages to the user to inform him/her about what to do at the the user to inform him/her about what to do at the entrance entrance

IntroductionIntroduction

The importance of this project lies in the fact that it The importance of this project lies in the fact that it serves the security for offices, hospitals, businesses serves the security for offices, hospitals, businesses or institutional buildingsor institutional buildings

The system is environmentally friendly, it doesn’t The system is environmentally friendly, it doesn’t pollutes the environment.pollutes the environment.

The system gives access to any person who has an The system gives access to any person who has an authorized User ID and passwordauthorized User ID and password


System Operation:System Operation:

– The LCD will show a message to the user asking him to The LCD will show a message to the user asking him to enter his/her User ID and passwordenter his/her User ID and password

– Then it will show a wait message while the data will be Then it will show a wait message while the data will be transmitted to the PC via RS-232 interfacetransmitted to the PC via RS-232 interface

– The PC compares the data with the database to check if The PC compares the data with the database to check if the person should be allowed to enter or not the person should be allowed to enter or not


System Operation:System Operation:

– If a valid User ID and password were entered, the LCD If a valid User ID and password were entered, the LCD will show an acceptance messagewill show an acceptance message

– The stepper motor will start rotating and open the door The stepper motor will start rotating and open the door to give the person the permission to enter the building to give the person the permission to enter the building

– Otherwise, if the User ID and the password were not Otherwise, if the User ID and the password were not valid, another message will be displayed showing valid, another message will be displayed showing “INVALID” on the LCD“INVALID” on the LCD

Project DescriptionProject Description

The project is basically a Microcontroller based The project is basically a Microcontroller based systemsystem

Microchip PIC16F877 microcontroller was Microchip PIC16F877 microcontroller was selected selected

The different components of the system are The different components of the system are controlled by microcontroller controlled by microcontroller

Project DescriptionProject DescriptionThe system consists of the following major The system consists of the following major

componentscomponents:: Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) SystemLiquid Crystal Display (LCD) System

Microcontrollers and other chipsMicrocontrollers and other chips

Sensors (Opto-Switches)Sensors (Opto-Switches)

Stepper motorStepper motor

KeypadKeypad

System Block DiagramSystem Block Diagram

MicrocontrollersMicrocontrollers

There are many companies which There are many companies which provide series of microcontrollersprovide series of microcontrollers – AtmelAtmel– Motorola Motorola – Microchip Technology.Microchip Technology.

The PIC16F877 microcontroller was The PIC16F877 microcontroller was selectedselected

The PIC microcontroller series are The PIC microcontroller series are produced by Microchip Technology produced by Microchip Technology


The PIC microcontroller has The PIC microcontroller has many powerful features.many powerful features.

It has low cost compared to It has low cost compared to other productsother products

It is available in the Electrical It is available in the Electrical Engineering Department with its Engineering Department with its programming tools programming tools


Main Features:Main Features:

– 256 Bytes EEPROM data memory256 Bytes EEPROM data memory

– Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources)Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources)

– Three different built-in timersThree different built-in timers

– 8 channels 10-bit analog-to-digital converter8 channels 10-bit analog-to-digital converter

– Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART)Transmitter (USART)

Development ToolsDevelopment Tools

MPLAB IDE is a Windows MPLAB IDE is a Windows based Integrated Development based Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Environment (IDE)

MPLAB IDE is used to write, MPLAB IDE is used to write, debug, and optimize programs debug, and optimize programs in Assembly languagein Assembly language


MPLAB IDE tools is used to:MPLAB IDE tools is used to:

– Assemble, compile, and link source codeAssemble, compile, and link source code

– Debug the executable logic by watching program flow Debug the executable logic by watching program flow with the simulatorwith the simulator

– Make timing measurementsMake timing measurements

– View variables in watch windowsView variables in watch windows

– Program firmware with PICSTART PlusProgram firmware with PICSTART Plus


PICSTART PLUS is used to PICSTART PLUS is used to

Program micrcontrollersProgram micrcontrollers

PICSTART PLUS makes PICSTART PLUS makes designing simple.designing simple.

PIC16F877 Pin ConfigurationPIC16F877 Pin Configuration

Keypad InterfaceKeypad Interface

Keypad is used for command Keypad is used for command and data input in computer and data input in computer systemssystems

The user can enter the User ID The user can enter the User ID number and the password by number and the password by the keypadthe keypad


keypads are usually arranged keypads are usually arranged as a simple matrix of as a simple matrix of conductorsconductors

switches connect each row to switches connect each row to each column each column

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

0 # *

1...................8

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

* 0 #

1 2 3

4

5

6

7


Keypad scanning mechanism:Keypad scanning mechanism:

– Forcing the rows to zero by making the appropriate Forcing the rows to zero by making the appropriate Port B pins outputs and writing 0s to these pinsPort B pins outputs and writing 0s to these pins

– Making the pins associated with the columns inputs and Making the pins associated with the columns inputs and checking these pins to determine if any are 0checking these pins to determine if any are 0

– Forcing the columns to zero by making the appropriate Forcing the columns to zero by making the appropriate Port pins outputs and writing 0s to these pins Port pins outputs and writing 0s to these pins


Keypad scanning mechanism:Keypad scanning mechanism:

– Making the pins associated with the rows inputs and Making the pins associated with the rows inputs and checking these pins to determine which row is zerochecking these pins to determine which row is zero

– Using the row and column numbers to look-up the key Using the row and column numbers to look-up the key value in a table and returning this value in the W value in a table and returning this value in the W accumulatoraccumulator

– Returning from the subroutine. Returning from the subroutine.

Stepper MotorStepper Motor

The stepper motor is used to The stepper motor is used to open and close the dooropen and close the door

The stepper motor moves one The stepper motor moves one step at a timestep at a time

In order to rotate the stepper In order to rotate the stepper motor specific sequence of motor specific sequence of voltages should be applied to voltages should be applied to the stator coilsthe stator coils


Unipolar stepper motor is Unipolar stepper motor is used since it’s easy to controlused since it’s easy to control

Permanent magnet is used Permanent magnet is used for the rotor and coils are put for the rotor and coils are put on the statoron the stator

4 poles stepper motor has 4 poles stepper motor has step angle of 90 degreesstep angle of 90 degrees


The turn of the motor is controlled by the electric The turn of the motor is controlled by the electric current which passes into the motor terminalscurrent which passes into the motor terminals

The motor can rotate in clockwise direction or The motor can rotate in clockwise direction or counterclockwise directioncounterclockwise direction


Turning off coil A and turning on coil B will Turning off coil A and turning on coil B will rotate the rotor in clockwise directionrotate the rotor in clockwise direction

Turning off coil B and turning on coil C will Turning off coil B and turning on coil C will move the rotor one step furthermove the rotor one step further

Stepper Motor ControlStepper Motor Control

The microcontroller was used to control the The microcontroller was used to control the stepper motorstepper motor

A program was written in assembly language to A program was written in assembly language to control the speed and the direction of rotation of control the speed and the direction of rotation of the stepper motorthe stepper motor


Opto-SwitchOpto-Switch

The Opto-Switch is a special The Opto-Switch is a special type of sensors used as a type of sensors used as a switch switch

Consists of two sections:Consists of two sections:– Infrared LEDInfrared LED– PhototransistorPhototransistor

There is a small gap between There is a small gap between the two sectionsthe two sections

Opto-SwitchOpto-Switch

The Opto-switches were used to provide a feedback The Opto-switches were used to provide a feedback to the microcontroller while the door is movingto the microcontroller while the door is moving

There are three Opto-switches located on the track There are three Opto-switches located on the track on which the door is slidingon which the door is sliding

The microcontroller senses the changes on these The microcontroller senses the changes on these sensors and performs the proper actionsensors and performs the proper action

Liquid Crystal Display Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)(LCD)

LCD can operate in one of the two LCD can operate in one of the two modes:modes:

– 8 bits data interface mode8 bits data interface mode

– 4 bits data interface mode4 bits data interface mode

8 bits mode is easier to implement 8 bits mode is easier to implement because it requires less memory size but because it requires less memory size but it also requires more additional I/O linesit also requires more additional I/O lines


The LCD has 11 data and control pinsThe LCD has 11 data and control pins

D0-D7 is the bi-directional data busD0-D7 is the bi-directional data bus

R/W determines if we read from or write to the R/W determines if we read from or write to the LCD LCD

According to RS pin, the data on the data bus is According to RS pin, the data on the data bus is treated either as a command or character datatreated either as a command or character data


Power SupplyPower Supply

The power supply is needed to operate the The power supply is needed to operate the microcontroller and the other components:microcontroller and the other components:

– 5 Vdc is needed to operate the microcontroller, 5 Vdc is needed to operate the microcontroller, LCD, and sensorsLCD, and sensors

– 12 Vdc is needed to operate the stepper motor12 Vdc is needed to operate the stepper motor

Power SupplyPower Supply

VCC 5 DCGND

GND

U2LM7805C/TO

13INOUT

VAC-

+1000u

VAC+T1

220/24 VAC

15

48

+10u

Bridge Rectifier

VAC+

VAC-

VDC+

VDC-

System IntegrationSystem Integration

The microcontroller supports five ports with a The microcontroller supports five ports with a width of 8 bits each except for the ports A and Ewidth of 8 bits each except for the ports A and E

The first four pins of PORTA(RA0:RA3) are The first four pins of PORTA(RA0:RA3) are

configured as output ports to control the stepper configured as output ports to control the stepper motor by setting the corresponding register motor by setting the corresponding register TRISA to onesTRISA to ones

The keypad is connected to seven pins of The keypad is connected to seven pins of PORTB(RB1:RB7)PORTB(RB1:RB7)

System IntegragtionSystem Integragtion

RB0 is reserved to be used as an interrupt pin to RB0 is reserved to be used as an interrupt pin to open the door directly from the computeropen the door directly from the computer

The three sensors used in the system are connected The three sensors used in the system are connected to PORTC(RC0:RC2)to PORTC(RC0:RC2)

RC6 (TX) and RC7 (RX) are configured to RC6 (TX) and RC7 (RX) are configured to send/receive data to/from the microcontroller at a send/receive data to/from the microcontroller at a baud rate of 9600 baud rate of 9600


PORTD and PORTE are reserved for the LCD PORTD and PORTE are reserved for the LCD display moduledisplay module

PORTD is connected to the bi-directional data bus PORTD is connected to the bi-directional data bus (D0-D7) of the LCD(D0-D7) of the LCD

The three pins of PORTE(RE0:RE2) are The three pins of PORTE(RE0:RE2) are connected to RS, RW and EN, respectivelyconnected to RS, RW and EN, respectively


The assembly code to configure the ports:The assembly code to configure the ports:BANKSEL ADCON1BANKSEL ADCON1MOVLW 0X06MOVLW 0X06MOVWF ADCON1MOVWF ADCON1BANKSEL TRISEBANKSEL TRISEMOVLW 0X00MOVLW 0X00MOVWF TRISEMOVWF TRISEMOVLW 0X00MOVLW 0X00MOVWF TRISDMOVWF TRISDMOVLW 0X00MOVLW 0X00MOVWF TRISAMOVWF TRISA


The assembly code to configure the serial port:The assembly code to configure the serial port:

MOVLW 0xC7MOVLW 0xC7MOVWF TRISCMOVWF TRISCMOVLW SPBRG_VALMOVLW SPBRG_VALMOVWF SPBRGMOVWF SPBRGMOVLW 0x24MOVLW 0x24MOVWF TXSTAMOVWF TXSTABANKSEL PORTEBANKSEL PORTEMOVLW 0x90MOVLW 0x90MOVWF RCSTAMOVWF RCSTA


A user defined byte is used for the purpose of building A user defined byte is used for the purpose of building multifunctional subroutines (AUX)multifunctional subroutines (AUX)

Only six bits of the AUX byte are used by the programOnly six bits of the AUX byte are used by the program

UP EQU 0UP EQU 0 ;USERNAME/PINCODE;USERNAME/PINCODEVINV EQU 1VINV EQU 1 ;INVALID/VALID;INVALID/VALIDMOT EQU 2MOT EQU 2 ;NOT MOTOR/MOTOR;NOT MOTOR/MOTOROPCL EQU 3OPCL EQU 3 ;OPENNING/CLOSING;OPENNING/CLOSINGWNW EQU 4WNW EQU 4 ;WAITING/NOT WAITING;WAITING/NOT WAITINGDOFFON EQU 5DOFFON EQU 5 ;DOOR OFF/ON;DOOR OFF/ON


LCD initialization:LCD initialization:LCD_INITLCD_INIT

MOVF COUNT,WMOVF COUNT,W

CALL INITCALL INIT

MOVWF DATMOVWF DAT

CALL COMMANDINCALL COMMANDIN

INCF COUNT, FINCF COUNT, F

MOVLW 0X08MOVLW 0X08

SUBWF COUNT,WSUBWF COUNT,W

BTFSS STATUS, ZBTFSS STATUS, Z

GOTO LCD_INITGOTO LCD_INIT


After initializing the LCD module, the main part After initializing the LCD module, the main part of the program startsof the program starts

The microcontroller sends commands to the LCD The microcontroller sends commands to the LCD to write a message “ENTER USERNAME”to write a message “ENTER USERNAME”

The data are stored in a subroutine called The data are stored in a subroutine called USRNM_DATAUSRNM_DATA


A memory location (DIGITS) is initialized so that A memory location (DIGITS) is initialized so that the user can enter only four digitsthe user can enter only four digits

The data entered by the user is processed in a loop The data entered by the user is processed in a loop call DATALcall DATAL

The data entered by the user is also sent to the The data entered by the user is also sent to the LCD and computerLCD and computer


Controlling the stepper motorControlling the stepper motor– After entering 4 digits by the user, PLS_WAIT After entering 4 digits by the user, PLS_WAIT

subroutine will be called to poll if the PIN code is valid subroutine will be called to poll if the PIN code is valid or invalidor invalid

– If the pin cod is invalid, the user will have another If the pin cod is invalid, the user will have another chance to enter his/her PIN code and only for three chance to enter his/her PIN code and only for three timestimes

– If the PIN code is valid, the program will activate the If the PIN code is valid, the program will activate the motor by setting DOFFON and WNW bits in the AUX motor by setting DOFFON and WNW bits in the AUX memory locationmemory location


Database ProgramDatabase Program

Database is used to store the users’ information such as:Database is used to store the users’ information such as:

– User NameUser Name

– User ID NumbersUser ID Numbers

– User PasswordUser Password


Database usually consists of Database usually consists of tables.tables.

Tables consists of fieldsTables consists of fields In our case there are three fields In our case there are three fields

which are:which are:– User NameUser Name

– User IDUser ID

– PasswordPassword


There are several methods which are used to There are several methods which are used to locate specific records in database tableslocate specific records in database tables

FindFirstFindFirst method is one of these methods method is one of these methods

In the visual basic program the method will try to In the visual basic program the method will try to match the input to the system with the data in the match the input to the system with the data in the tabletable

The value of the The value of the NoMatchNoMatch property indicates the property indicates the success or the failure of the search operationsuccess or the failure of the search operation


Another method is looping through all the records Another method is looping through all the records and testing the EOF property in each iterationand testing the EOF property in each iteration

The EOF property indicates the end of the records The EOF property indicates the end of the records in a tablein a table

The above method is slower than the previous one The above method is slower than the previous one in large databasesin large databases


The second method was used in the project to The second method was used in the project to locate the records of the userslocate the records of the users

The implemented code in visual basic can be The implemented code in visual basic can be divided into three parts:divided into three parts:– DeclarationsDeclarations

– InitializationsInitializations

– LoopLoop


Declarations:Declarations:– Dim Db As DAO.DatabaseDim Db As DAO.Database

– Dim Rst As DAO.RecordsetDim Rst As DAO.Recordset

– Dim Found As BooleanDim Found As Boolean

Initializations:Initializations:– Found = FalseFound = False

– Set Db = CurrentDb()Set Db = CurrentDb()

– Set Rst = Db.OpenRecordset("User”) Set Rst = Db.OpenRecordset("User”)


Loop:Loop:Do While Not Rst.EOF And Not FoundDo While Not Rst.EOF And Not Found

If Rst("User ID") = Val(Text1.Text) ThenIf Rst("User ID") = Val(Text1.Text) Then

MsgBox "Match Found”MsgBox "Match Found”

Found = TrueFound = True

End IfEnd If

Rst.MoveNextRst.MoveNext

LoopLoop

If Not Found ThenIf Not Found Then

MsgBox "No Match Found"MsgBox "No Match Found"

Local Site InterfaceLocal Site Interface

The visual basic program is installed in a PC The visual basic program is installed in a PC located in the local sitelocated in the local site

The interface shows the User Name text box and The interface shows the User Name text box and the User ID text boxthe User ID text box

There is a command button used to open the door There is a command button used to open the door directly from the PCdirectly from the PC

Local Site InterfaceLocal Site Interface

System OperationSystem Operation

The LCD continuously shows a message to enter The LCD continuously shows a message to enter the User ID numberthe User ID number


If the user enters the number, the microcontroller If the user enters the number, the microcontroller reads the number and transmits it through a serial reads the number and transmits it through a serial port to the computer while the LCD shows “Please port to the computer while the LCD shows “Please Wait” messageWait” message


The visual basic program checks the existence of the The visual basic program checks the existence of the user in the users’ databaseuser in the users’ database

If the user is a registered user in the system, a valid If the user is a registered user in the system, a valid signal is sent to the microcontroller through the signal is sent to the microcontroller through the serial portserial port

The microcontroller writes “VALID” message on The microcontroller writes “VALID” message on the LCDthe LCD


Then the user is allowed to enter the pin codeThen the user is allowed to enter the pin code The LCD shows “ENTER PINCODE” messageThe LCD shows “ENTER PINCODE” message


If the pin code is correct the visual basic program If the pin code is correct the visual basic program sends another valid signal to the microcontrollersends another valid signal to the microcontroller

The microcontroller operates and controls the The microcontroller operates and controls the stepper motor to open the door for the userstepper motor to open the door for the user

There are three sensors which provide the There are three sensors which provide the feedback to the microcontroller to control the feedback to the microcontroller to control the opening and closing operation opening and closing operation


If the user is not registered in the system, the local If the user is not registered in the system, the local site program sends an invalid signal to the site program sends an invalid signal to the microcontroller.microcontroller.

The LCD shows “INVALID” message The LCD shows “INVALID” message

Conclusion & RecommendationsConclusion & Recommendations

Conclusion:Conclusion:– The system controls the access to a building using PIC The system controls the access to a building using PIC

microcontroller and personal computermicrocontroller and personal computer

– The implemented system is effective in terms of the The implemented system is effective in terms of the costcost

– Low level and high level programming languages were Low level and high level programming languages were used effectively in the project used effectively in the project

– System integration was successfulSystem integration was successful

Conclusion & RecommendationsConclusion & Recommendations

Recommendations:Recommendations:

– Microcontroller based systems should be given more Microcontroller based systems should be given more interest from the department. interest from the department.

– The students from the electrical department should The students from the electrical department should learn how to implement a circuit in a printed circuit learn how to implement a circuit in a printed circuit board.board.

– The labs should be available for students at the evening The labs should be available for students at the evening time.time.

Documents

Building Security and Access Control System Group Members: Abdulrahman Daher Saeed199901447 Khalid Younus Ali Kalbat199900132 Mohammed Ramadan Sarhan199905274