Buddhism

Siddhartha

http://www.dakiniunlimited.com/images/birth_siddhartha.jpg

The Four Passing Sights

Prophecy Fulfilled

1. An old man 2. A sick man who was diseased ridden

4. a holy man who had no possessions but was at peace

3. a corpse on the way to being cremated

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.frankossen.com/Old_Man_from_Hampi_-_India.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.frankossen.com/Portraits-2.htm&h=529&w=352&sz=24&tbnid=iWA-emuvxI8J:&tbnh=129&tbnw=85&hl=en&start=2&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dold%2Bman%2Bindia%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26sa%3DG – slide 3

http://i.a.cnn.net/cnn/2004/WORLD/asiapcf/11/23/india.aids.bollywood/tz.sick.man.afp.jpg - slide 3 http://members.chello.se/harryperonius/dod/indien/dead_head.jpg - slide 4 http://www.kamat.com/kalranga/bhiksha/sadhu02.jpg - slide 4 http://zteecher.com/img/siddhartha.jpg - slide 6 http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/depend.htm#Ageing – slide 8 http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/depend.htm#Craving – slide 8 http://birminghambuddhistcentre.org.uk/index_files/3js.jpg - slide 17 http://www.shambhalabay.ca/images/bodhisattva.jpg - slide 19 http://www.metta.lk/english/APcakra.jpg - slide 20 http://www.harekrsna.it/karma_e_reincarnazione/immagini/reincarnazione.jpg - slide 21 http://seasiancrafts.com/spiritworld/Images/enlightenment%20mural.JPG – slide 22 http://www.zenandbusiness.com/buddha_nirvana.jpg - 23 http://www.info4india.com/indian-personality/images/ashoka.jpg - slide 26

The Path to the Buddha

What was his “Pah”

Four Noble Truths

Embody the idea that craving is the source of suffering and the cessation from craving releases suffering .

Four Noble Truths

1. Duhkha or suffering is everywhere

2. Tanha or craving or desire is the source of suffering

3. Relieving craving ceases suffering--when craving ceases entirely through dispassion, renunciation, and nondependence, then suffering ceases

4. The path leading to cessation of suffering is the

Eightfold Path

Eight Fold Path

Like spokes in a wheel

Eight Fold PathThe Way to Inner Peace

Three Main Goals face life objectively live kindly cultivate inner peace

Some Things to Remember

The steps or recommendations are not to be practiced sequentially but all together

The word “right” might be better translated as “correct” or “complete.”

Eight Fold Path

1. Right views

2. Right intention

3. Right speech

4. Right action

5. Right livelihood

6. Right effort

7. Right mindfulness

8. Right concentration

Eightfold Path Enunciated

1. Right views or Right understanding I recognize the impermanence of life, the

mechanism of desire, and the cause of suffering.

2. Right intention My thoughts and motives are pure, not tainted

by my emotions and selfish desire.

Eightfold Path Enunciated

3. Right speech I speak honestly and kindly, in positive ways,

avoiding lies, exaggeration, harsh words.

4. Right action My actions do not hurt any other being that can

feel hurt, including animals; I avoid stealing and sexual conduct that would bring hurt.

Eightfold Path Enunciated

5. Right work or livelihood My livelihood (occupation) does no harm.

6. Right effort With moderation, I consistently strive to improve.

Eightfold Path Enunciated

7. Right mindfulness I will keep my attention, awareness, and mind

focussed on the Four Foundations of Mindfulness: the body is impure, sensations result in suffering, the mind is impermanent and all dharma do not have a substantial self.

8. Right concentration I use the disciplines of meditation (dyana) and

focused awareness to contemplate the nature of reality more deeply.

The Core of Basic Buddhism The Three Jewels The Buddha

Is an ideal whom people should imitate and his image of sitting and meditating with self-control and mindfulness.

“I take refuge in the Buddha.”

The Dharma is the sum total of Buddhist teachings about

how to view the world and how to live properly. “I take refuge in the Dharma.”

The Sangha is the community of monks and nuns.

“I take refuge in the Sangha.”

The Writings

The sacred writings of Buddhism are written in both Pali and Sankrit as are the writings in Hinduism and the many offshoots.

Pali a language related to Sanskrit Sanskrit is called the Latin of India because

of its widespread use. (class references will be using Sanskrit)

Bodhisattva Being who is to become fully

enlightened (possesses bodhi); especially as applied to Gautama, the future Buddha. More generally, in Mahayana Buddhism the term applies to those who have experience enlightenment (bodhi) but who have taken a special vow to continue being reborn into samsara ["the great run-around"] (rather than entering nirvana) so as to deliver others form their suffering by aiding in the attainment of enlightenment.

Dhama (Dhamma)

Has many meanings in Buddhist texts, the proper one being determining by context and use. However, some of the meanings are: the teaching of the Buddha; the Truth; The Real; moral law; the right duty; religion.

Karma (Kamma)

Act, action, deed performed by body, speech, or mind, which, according to the intention it embodies, will have a set consequence experienced in this or future rebirth. Good karma are those things that are positive; bad karma is negative.

Mara

Killing, death, "Destroyer," "Tempter," the personification of evil or attachment to transient conditioned reality (the Wheel of Life) or to this world as an obstacle to attaining of enlightenment; the god of desire and death.

Nirvana

"Blowing out, quenching (as of a fire)"; the goal of Buddhism, the extinguishing of passionate attachment or desire (raga) fearful hostility or hatred and anger (dvesa), and confusion of delusion (moha), the primary causes of karma and hence bondage of samsara. It is equal to the Hindu goal of moksa (release).

Sangha

Buddhist community which consist of four assemblies; monks, nuns, laymen, and laywomen.

Relation between Sangha, lay society and government The Sangha depends on government

support. However, the government does not control the Sangha. This community is a mutual relationship between the "bhiku" (male and female), lay person and the government. Through the community one earns merit; the bhiku teaches dharma.

The Development of Buddhism

The Energetic King

Ashoka (India circa 250 B.C.E.)

Inspection after the battle

He becomes so horrified at the carnage that he decides that he converted to the idea of nonviolence.

He spread the the principle of nonviolence throughout India as a way of converting people.

He built stones which had the principles carved in them.

Three Schools of Buddhist Thought Theravada Buddhism

The Way of the Elders Mahayana Buddhism

The Big Vehicle Vajrayana Buddhism

The “Diamond Vehicle” Zen Buddhism

Enlightenment through Experience

The Two Great Branches of Buddhism Theravada

Man as an individual Man on his own in the

universe – self effort Key virtue: Wisdom Religion a full time job Ideal: the Arhat Buddha a saint Avoids metaphysics Confines prayer to

meditation Conservative

Mahayana Man as involved with others Man not alone (salvation by

grace) Key virtue: karuna, compassion Religion relevant to life in the

world (for the layman as well) Ideal: the Bodhisattva Buddha a savior Elaborates metaphysics Includes ritual Includes petitionary prayer Liberal

from Huston Smith

Note about the soul and karma Although Buddhist do not really believe in a

soul they do maintain that traits and characteristics of a person can recombine in a future life.

Therefore, part of the karma process is where a persons personality has recombined in the next life.

(note: nevertheless the ideas of karma and rebirth were so much part of the thinking that Buddhism had to accommodate the concepts in their teaching.

Some Buddhists Sites

Basics More Explanations Mandalas

Example 1 Example 2