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B.Sc: Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.: Medical Microbiology / Jor. Ph.D.: Medical Virology & Serology / UK Prof. Mamdoh Harahsha

B.Sc: Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.: Medical Microbiology / Jor

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Prof. Mamdoh Harahsha. B.Sc: Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.: Medical Microbiology / Jor. Ph.D.: Medical Virology & Serology / UK. GENERAL PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATIONS. INTRODUCTION. Small Dependent on living cells Genome Have receptor-binding protein. Virus. Bacterium. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

B.Sc: Biology / Medical Analysis /

Jor. M.Sc.: Medical Microbiology / Jor. Ph.D.: Medical Virology & Serology /

UK

Prof. Mamdoh Harahsha

Page 2: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor
Page 3: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

• SmallSmall

• Dependent on living cellsDependent on living cells

• GenomeGenome

• Have receptor-binding proteinHave receptor-binding protein

Page 4: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Comparing the size of a virus, a Comparing the size of a virus, a bacterium, and an animal cellbacterium, and an animal cell

0.25 m

Virus

Animalcell

Bacterium

Animal cell nucleus

Page 5: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Size of virusesSize of viruses

Page 6: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Basic components of virusesBasic components of viruses

Virion (Intact virus):Virion (Intact virus):

• Capsid (capsomeres)Capsid (capsomeres)

• Nucleic acidNucleic acid

Both Both Nucleocapsid Nucleocapsid

# Envelope# Envelope

Page 7: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Influenza virusInfluenza virus

Page 8: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Virus symmetry Virus symmetry (Nucleocapsid)(Nucleocapsid)

• IcosahedralIcosahedral

• HelicalHelical

• ComplexComplex

Page 9: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Capsid and CapsomeresCapsid and Capsomeres

Page 10: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Helical Helical

Page 11: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

IcosahedralIcosahedral

Page 12: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

ComplexComplex

Page 13: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Electron MicroscopyElectron Microscopy

Page 14: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Virus Virus genomesgenomes

• # All DNA viruses ds # All DNA viruses ds EXCEPTEXCEPT

ParvoviridaeParvoviridae

• # All RNA viruses ss # All RNA viruses ss EXCEPTEXCEPT

ReoviridaeReoviridae

• # Positive & Negative stranded RNA# Positive & Negative stranded RNA

• # Exons & introns# Exons & introns

Page 15: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Virus genome & transcriptional Virus genome & transcriptional mapsmapsDNA virusesDNA viruses

• Herpes & PoxvirusHerpes & Poxvirus

150 genes 150 genes No splicing No splicing

(Large No. of genes)(Large No. of genes)

• AdenovirusAdenovirus

30 genes 30 genes Viral Viral splicing splicing

• ParvovirusParvovirus

Few genes Few genes Viral Viral splicingsplicing

Page 16: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

RNA virusesRNA viruses

• Poliovirus: Poliovirus: +ve ssRNA+ve ssRNA

• Rabies: Rabies: -ve ssRNA-ve ssRNA

• Coronavirus: Coronavirus: +ve ssRNA+ve ssRNA

Page 17: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Classification of VirusesClassification of Viruses

• NA: NA: DNA OR RNADNA OR RNA• Number of strands of NA: Number of strands of NA: ds ds

or ss, or ss, • Forms: Linear, Circular, Forms: Linear, Circular,

Continuous (or circular with Continuous (or circular with breaks as in HBV), or Segmentedbreaks as in HBV), or Segmented

• PolarityPolarity• Symmetry of NASymmetry of NA• EnvelopeEnvelope

Page 18: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Nomenclature of virusesNomenclature of viruses

• Family:Family: --- viridae --- viridae

((AdenoviridiaeAdenoviridiae))

• SubfamilySubfamily --- Virinae--- Virinae

((AdenovirinaeAdenovirinae))

• Genera: Genera: --- virus--- virus(Adenovirus)(Adenovirus)

• Serotype: Serotype: --- Nnumber or letter--- Nnumber or letter

Page 19: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

DNA VIRUSESDNA VIRUSES

• Poxvirus:Poxvirus: (Pox : pock or pustule)(Pox : pock or pustule)

• Herpesvirus:Herpesvirus: (Herpes : creeping)(Herpes : creeping)

• Adenovirus:Adenovirus: (Adeno : gland)(Adeno : gland)

• Hepadnavirus: Hepadnavirus: (Hepa : liver, dna: DNA)(Hepa : liver, dna: DNA)

• Papovavirus:Papovavirus: (Pa: papilloma, (Pa: papilloma,

Po: polyoma, Va: vacuolating Po: polyoma, Va: vacuolating agent)agent)

• Parvovirus: Parvovirus: (Parvus: small)(Parvus: small)

Page 20: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor
Page 21: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

RNA VIRUSESRNA VIRUSES• Orthomyxovirus, paramyxovirusOrthomyxovirus, paramyxovirus

(Myxo: mucus)(Myxo: mucus)

• Rhabdovirus: Rhabdovirus: (Rhabdos: rod)(Rhabdos: rod)

• Picornavirus:Picornavirus: (Pico: small, (Pico: small, rna:rna:

RNA)RNA)

• Togavirus: Togavirus: (Toga: cloak)(Toga: cloak)

• Flavivirus: Flavivirus: (Flavi: yellow)(Flavi: yellow)

Page 22: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

• Reovirus: Reovirus: (R: respiratory, E: (R: respiratory, E:

enteric, O: orphan)enteric, O: orphan)

• Arenavirus: Arenavirus: (Arena: sand)(Arena: sand)

• Retrovirus: Retrovirus: (Re: reverse, (Re: reverse, TR: TR: transcriptase)transcriptase)

• Calicivirus: Calicivirus: (Calix: cup)(Calix: cup)

• Coronavirus: Coronavirus: (Corona: Crown)(Corona: Crown)

Page 23: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor
Page 24: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Morphology of VirusesMorphology of Viruses

Page 25: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor
Page 26: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Family name Genome Positive or negative stranded genome

Infectivity of isolated nucleic acid

Polymerase or transcriptase present in virion

Approx. genome size

DNA viruses

Parvoviridae ss +- + None 5

Papovairidae ds +- + None 8

Adenoviridae ds +- + None 36

Herpesviridae ds +- + None 150

Poxviridae ds +- - DNA-RNA 150

Hepadnaviridae ds +- ? DNA-RNA 3

RNA viruses

Astroviridae ss + + None v8

Picornaviridae ss + + None 8

Flaviviridae ss + + None 10

Togaviridae ss + + None 12

Coronaviridae ss + + None 30

Bunyaviridae ss - - RNA-RNA 16

Orthomyxoviridae ss - - RNA-RNA 13

Paramyxoviridae ss - - RNA-RNA 15

Rhabdoviridae ss - - RNA-RNA 15

Arenaviridae ss - - RNA-RNA 12

Retroviridae ss + - RNA-DNA 10

Reoviridae ds - - RNA-RNA 20

Filoviridae ss - - RNA-RNA 12

Caliciviridae ss + ? None 8

Page 27: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor

Family name Representative viruses Approximate diameter of virion (nm)

Symmetry of of nucleocapsid

DNA viruses

Parvoviridae Human parvovirus 20 I

Papovaviridae Wart viruses 50 I

Adenoviridae Adenoviruses 80 I

Herpesviridae Herpes simplex viruses 180 I

Poxviridae Vaccinia virus 250 C

Hepadnaviridae Hepatitis B virus 40 I

RNA viruses

Astroviridae 30 I

Picornaviridae Polioviruses 25 I

Flaviviridae Yellow fever virus 30 I

Togaviridae Rubella virus 80 I

Coronaviridae Infectious bronchitis virus 100 H

Bunyaviridae California encephalitis virus 100 H

Orthomyxoviridae Influenza viruses 100 H

Paramyxoviridae Measles virus 150 H

Rhabdoviridae Rabies virus 150 H

Arenaviridae Lassa fever virus 100 H

Retroviridae HIV-1 100 I

Reoviridae Rotaviruses 70 I

Filoviridae Marburg virus Variable H

Caliciviridae Calicivirus 35 I

Page 28: B.Sc:    Biology / Medical Analysis / Jor. M.Sc.:  Medical Microbiology / Jor