BRILYAN NILAM PRATIWI - core.ac.uk · mencintai dan dicintai, dan kebutuhan untuk percaya dan dipercayai. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK

WANDERER’S MOTIVATION TO LIVE WITH HUMAN

IN STEPHENIE MEYER’S THE HOST

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

In English Letters

By

BRILYAN NILAM PRATIWI

Student Number: 094214031

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2014

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i

WANDERER’S MOTIVATION TO LIVE WITH HUMAN

IN STEPHENIE MEYER’S THE HOST

AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS

Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For the Degree of Sarjana Sastra

In English Letters

By

BRILYAN NILAM PRATIWI

Student Number: 094214031

ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAM

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS

FACULTY OF LETTERS

SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY

YOGYAKARTA

2014






vi

“The best way out is always through.”

Robert Frost

“Give thanks.

Keep moving forward.”


vii

Dedicated to

God Almighty,

my beloved parents,

my little sister,

my love,

my friends


viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First, I would like to give my gratitude to Jesus Christ for His endless

blessings throughout my life.

My gratitude goes to my advisor, Maria Ananta Tri Suryandari, S. S., M.

Ed., for her guidance, patience, inspiration and attention. She patiently guides and

supports me in the process of my writing. My gratitude also goes to my co-

advisor, for corrections and notes on my undergraduate thesis. I also give my

gratitude to my academic advisor, the USD lecturers, the secretariat staffs, and the

library staffs who have helped me during my process of my study.

I want to give my greatest gratitude to Thery, my greatest Mother who

always loves and supports me; Papa Benny who dedicates his life to our family;

and for my little sister, Bella, who always cheers up our days. I also thank Ayah

Lili (+) for his love and memories.

I also give thanks to all my friends: awesome SLPers (Rena, Mba Hellen,

Pucil, Mba Lid, Boni, Ucca, Dory, Putra, Mas Anggit, Wisnu, Wawan, Bang

Theo, Wanda, Leo, Satrio), Beswan Djarum batch 27, Thomas, Rinda, Rachel,

Pipit, Ninik, Halabi, Kres, Hill, Lola, Itha, Icha, Indi, and my entire classmates in

the year of 2009 for their care, joy, stories, and supports.

Brilyan Nilam Pratiwi


ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE….………………………………………………….......... i

APPROVAL PAGE…………………………..……………….….......... ii

ACCEPTANCE PAGE…………………………..…………………..... iii

STATEMENT OF WORK’S ORIGINALITY………….…………..... iv

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI…............ v

MOTTO PAGE……………………..…………………………….......... vi

DEDICATION PAGE…………………………………..…………...… vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS………………………………….……........ viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS………………….…………………………... ix

ABSTRACT……………...………………………………………........... xi

ABSTRAK…………………...……………………………………….… xii

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION………………………………...……. 1

A. Background of the Study……………………………………. 1

B. Problem Formulation……………………………………...…. 4

C. Objectives of the Study…………………….……………....... 4

D. Definition of Terms…………………………………………... 5

CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW…………….…..……….... 7

A. Review of Related Studies……………………...…..……....... 7

B. Review of Related Theories……………………...….………. 9

1. Character and Characterization…...…….…...…….. 9

2. Conflict……………………………………………… 12

3. Motivation…………………………………….…...... 13

C. Theoretical Framework………………………….……...…… 15

CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY………………...……...………..… 16

A. Object of the Study………………………...………….…...… 16

B. Approach of the Study……………………..………….…..… 17

C. Method of the Study……………………....……………….… 18

CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS...................................................................... 21

A. The Character of Wanderer……………………..…..….....… 21

1. Brave…………...……………………….....……...… 22

2. Strong……………………………………………….. 24

3. Persistent………...…...………...…………...….......... 26

4. Smart……………………………………………….. 28

5. Caring…………………………………….…….…… 30

6. Sincere…………………………………….….....…... 33

B. The Conflicts of Wanderer………………………....….….… 36

1. Wanderer and Other Souls......……………...……… 38

2. Wanderer and Human…….……..……..….………. 42

C. Wanderer’s Motivation to Live With Human.......….……...... 44


ix

1. Motivation to Fulfill Physiological Needs.…..…....... 45

2. Motivation to Fulfill Safety Needs………..…...….... 47

3. Motivation to Fulfill Love or Belongingness Needs.. 49

4. Motivation to Fulfill Esteem Needs………………… 51

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION……………………………………..…. 54

BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………… 57

APPENDIX…………………………………………………………...… 59

Summary of the Novel…………………………………………... 59


xi

ABSTRACT

BRILYAN NILAM PRATIWI. Wanderer’s Motivation to Live With Human

in Stephenie Meyer’s The Host. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters,

Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, 2014.

The writer discusses the motivation of Wanderer in Stephenie Meyer’s

The Host. The novel tells about an alien or a “soul” named Wanderer who is

inserted into a girl named Melanie to gain information to hunt human that refuse

the inception. However, Wanderer is captivated into Melanie’s memories about

people she loves, Jared and her brother, Jamie. She then decides to escape in order

to find and live with human that hide in secret caves in the dessert.

This study focuses on Wanderer’s motivation to live with human that

based on three problems. The first is the description of Wanderer’s

characterization, the second is description of the conflict of Wanderer, and the

third is how her motivation to live with human is revealed due to the influnce of

her characterization and conflict.

The writer applies a library research that used The Host as the main source

in this study. The main source is supported by several secondary sources that

include theories used in this study. Moreover, this study also provides several

studies related to Meyer’s works.

This study finds out that Wanderer is brave and strong soul because she

manages to survive from the Seeker’s hunt. She also persist to reach her goal and

smart to solve her problems. She is a caring soul for loving Melanie, Jamie, Jared,

and other human while lives with them. Her sincerity is genuine because she helps

humans have better life. Then, the writer finds out that the external conflicts of

Wanderer motivates her to live with human. Her conflict with other souls arises

because they have different wills. She wants to save human while souls want to

incept them. She also faces conflicts with human that arise because they have

different perspectives. She wants to care and live with human but they assume she

threats their life. The last, the writer finds out the reasons behind Wanderer’s

motivation using Malsow’s hierarchy of needs that are influenced by her

characteristics and her conflicts. Wanderer is motivated to live with humans to

fulfill her physiological needs, safety needs, love or belongingness needs, and

esteem needs.


xii

ABSTRAK

BRILYAN NILAM PRATIWI. Wanderer’s Motivation to Live With Human

in Stephenie Meyer’s The Host. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas

Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2014.

Penulis membahas motivasi Wanderer dalam novel karya Stephenie

Meyer. novel ini berkisah tentang alien bernama Wanderer yang “merasuki”

seorang gadis bernama Melanie guna mendapatkan informasi tentang manusia

yang melawan invasi mereka. Akan tetapi, Wanderer terkesan dengan memori

Melanie tentang orang-orang yang dia cintai seperti Jared dan Jamie, adiknya.

Selanjutnya, dia memutuskan untuk kabur mencari dan tinggal bersama manusia

yang bersembunyi dalam gua di padang gurun.

Penelitian ini fokus pada motivasi Wanderer untuk hidup besama manusia

yang didasari tiga rumusan masalah. Yang pertama adalah deksripsi karakter

Wanderer, kedua mengenai deskripsi konflik yang dihadapnya, dan yang ketiga

mengenai motivasinya yang timbul karena dipengaruhi oleh karakter dan

konfliknya.

Penulis mengaplikasikan data kepustakaan yang menggunakan novel The

Host sebagai sumber utama dalam penelitian ini. Sumber utama didukung oleh

beberapa sumber pendukung termasuk teori-teori dan beberapa penelitian yang

berhubungan dengan karya-karya Meyer.

Penelitian ini menghasilkan bahwa Wanderer adalah alien yang berani dan

kuat karena ia berhasil bertahan dari kejaran Seeker. Dia juga perhatian karena

mencintai dan meyayangi Melanie, Jared, Jamie, dan para manusia saat tinggal

bersama. Ia sungguh-sungguh tulus karena ia menolong manusia agar hidup lebih

baik. Penulis menemukan bahwa konflik external memotivasi Wanderer untuk

hidup bersama manusia. Konflik dengan alien lain terutama Seeker terjadi karena

perbedaan keinginan. Wanderer ingin menyelamatkan manusia sedangkan alien

lain ingin menginvasi mereka. Wanderer juga menghadapi konflik dengan

manusia yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan cara pandang. Dia ingin menyayangi

dan hidup bersama mereka sedangkan mereka menganggapnya sebangai ancaman.

Pada akhirnya, penulis menemukan alasan dibalik motivasi Wanderer

menggunakan hierarki kebutuhan Maslow yang dipengaruhi oleh karakter dan

konflik yang dihadapinya. Wanderer termotivasi untuk hidup bersama manusia

guna memenuhi kebutuhan fisik, kebutuhan keamanan, kebutuhan untuk

mencintai dan dicintai, dan kebutuhan untuk percaya dan dipercayai.


1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Literature is an intangible creation of human‟s logic and heart. It is

not merely printed papers or play performances but also consist of human

reflection in life. In a book Fiction: an Introduction to Reading and Writing

Second Edition, Robert and Jacobs stated that

Imaginative literature, which we will call simply literature, refers to

written (and also spoken) compositions designed to tell stories,

dramatize situations, and reveal thoughts and emotions, and also,

more importantly, to interest, entertain, stimulate, broaden, and

ennoble readers. (1989: 1)

From the quotation above, it can be said that literature functions to entertain

and to be a leaning tool for the reader. Through the stories, the reader can

sharpen their knowledge about human‟s thoughts and emotions. Author

presents such an interesting story to stimulate the reader to be critical to a

certain situation or character as happen in real life.

Novel is an ingenious and elaborate literary form that reveals

comprehensive description about human‟s life. M. J Murphy in Understanding

Unseens stated that “there is practically no subject, no human situation that

has not been at some time the subject of a novel” (1972: 127). Novel tells

various stories with various subjects and situations that can happen to the

reader. It helps the reader elevate their understanding and knowledge about the

complexity of people and situations in life.


2

Furthermore, a novel can be analyzed in many approaches. A

psychological point of view is one of approaches that analyzes the behavior of

human as it represent through the character in the novel. The behavior of a

person is influenced by certain motives. This motive leads a person to do

something to fulfill her or his needs. The reason that underlies the motives

called motivation. Motivation is one aspect that influences human‟s behavior.

Psychological novel deals with “the feelings and attitude of individual

(1977: 32)” as stated in Reading the Novel by Henkle. He added that there are

“ethical implications in what we learn about other people; we can sympathize

with them and figure out what moves them” (1977: 33). Psychological novel

contains feelings and behaviors of the character. It also analyzed what are the

motivation that drives the character‟s feelings and attitude or behavior. As

stated by Emily R. Rai, that motivation is “reasons that underlie behavior that

is characterized by willingness and volition

(http://www.pearsonassessments.com/research)”. In another word, willingness

and volition are the factors that motivate people to do certain actions.

This study analyzes a novel by Stephenie Meyer, The Host. This

novel is very interesting because it reveals the main character‟s motivation to

live with human. The story takes place when Earth is invaded by aliens or

souls that want to purify the world which is full of human‟s negativity and

violence. Wanderer, the main character is an alien or soul that is inserted to

occupy a girl named Melanie Stryder. Hence, there are two characters residing

in one body. Her duty is to gain information about other human from her


http://www.pearsonassessments.com/research

3

memories. The information is needed by Seeker or soul that assign to keeping

peace by „catch‟ human.

Despite obeying her duty, Wanderer is influenced by Melanie‟s soul.

Her communication to Melanie makes her slowly feels the love and care about

human in Melanie‟s memories; especially to Jamie‟s her little brother and

Jared her boyfriend. Her love for Melanie makes the Seeker urges her to move

into another body so she can handle Melanie. Wanderer resists her and then

decides to run away from her society. She and Melanie start their searching for

human in the desert based on the routes given by Jeb, Melanie‟s uncle. She

almost dies when she finally meets Uncle Jeb and few human. Knowing that

Wanderer uses her niece‟s body, he saves her and takes her to their hiding

place. She and Melanie also meet Jamie and Jared there. Living there, most

human are afraid of her because they think she only pretends and will hand

them to the Seeker. She desperately struggles to show her genuine love and

care for them by helping them during her living with them.

Meyer‟s novel, The Host, is a captivating novel. Through it, she

presents the values about love, complex human feelings, social standards, and

the meaning of life; as stated by Anna Limber as follow.

The Host is marketed as “science fiction for people who don‟t like

science fiction”. This is true. The science fiction aspect is that it

involves aliens who possess technology well advanced beyond ours,

but it‟s firstly a love story on several levels… The Host brings up

good discussion topics, such as the depth and range of human

emotions, and whether and when it‟s right for one society to impose

it‟s standards on another, especially at the cost of sentient life

(http://bestsellers.about.com/od/fictionreviews/gr/the_host.htm).


http://bestsellers.about.com/od/fictionreviews/gr/the_host.htm

4

The Host is unique from other novels because does not only tell about

imaginative alien story but also contain values of life. The combination of

science fiction and depth human values attract the reader to follow the story.

In this thesis, the writer focuses on Wanderer‟s motivation to live

with humans as the topic because analyzing motivation enhances the writer

understanding to become a personally fulfilled person. As Petri stated in his

book Motivation: Theory and Research that “the basic motive of all human is

to become a personally fulfilled as we can” (1981: 4). Thus, motivation is the

basic motive of human to develop. It influences the writer and the reader to

develop into a better person, both mentally and physically.

B. Problem Formulations

1. What are the characterization of Wanderer?

2. What are the conflicts that happen to Wanderer?

3. How do the characterization and the conflicts reveal Wanderer‟s

motivation to live with human?

C. Objectives of the Study

The aim of this study is to analyze three focuses. The focuses are in

the characterization, conflicts, and motivation of Wanderer. This study used

three objectives to answer the problem formulations. The first objective is to

describe the characterization of Wanderer. The second objective is to describe

the conflicts related to Wanderer‟s motivation. The third objective aimed to


5

give the analysis of Wanderer‟s motivation reveals from the characterization

and the conflicts.

D. Definition of Terms

This research has several terms which are used in analyzing the

problem formulations. The terms used in this research are character, conflicts,

and motivation.

1. Character and Characterization

The first term used in this research is character. A Glossary of

Literary Terms Six Edition by M. H. Abrams stated that character is the sketch

in prose of distinctive type of person (1985:23).Abrams underline that every

character is unique from others. It has special and different features as human

has in real life. In this study, the writer analyzes Wanderer as the main

character in the novel. Although she is an alien, she has the same qualities and

traits as a person because she is live in a female human body.

2. Conflict

The second term used in this research is conflict. Conflict is the most

important element of plot. Roberts and Jacobs in Fiction: An Introduction to

Reading and Writing Second Edition stated that conflict are opposition or

contrasting of two people or larger forces such as natural objects, ideas, modes

of behavior, public opinion, and values (1989: 99). Conflict occurs and is

provoked by the different ways of concept, belief, and impression that lies in


6

each person. Conflicts in this study refer to external conflicts of Wanderer.

There are conflicts of Wanderer and other souls and her with human.

3. Motivation

The third term used in this study is motivation. According to

Motivation: Theory and Research by Herbert L. Petri (1981: 3) stated that:

Motivation is the concept we use when we describe the forces acting

on or within an organism to initiate and direct behavior. The concept

of motivation is also used to explain differences in the intensity of

behavior. More intense behaviors are considered to be the result of

higher levels of motivation.

Motivation is the reasons that underlie people to do or to feel something. It leads

people to fulfill their action and it differs between individuals. It also influences

the intensity of a person to behave and do an action. People who are motivated

have directing behavior that leads them to reach their goals. This study refers to

the motivation Wanderer as the main character. It is influenced by her

characterization and conflicts.


7

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL REVIEW

A. Review of Related Studies

In this study, the writer uses Stephenie Meyer’s novel, The Host, to be

analyzed. Meyer is the writer of bestseller vampire-romance-saga titled

Twilight, New Moon, Eclipse and Breaking Dawn. The Host is her latest novel

in science-fiction genre. The Host is remarkable because Meyer shifts her

previous focus in teen-vampire romance into an adult-science-fiction-

romance.

There are several criticisms of Meyer’s works that are discussed by

the writer in this study. First, an editorial review from Amazon website

(http://amazon.com/The-Host-Novel-Stephenie-Meyer/dp0316068047/), Mari

Malcolm argued that The Host will be pleasantly surprised because it is

consisted by equal parts of action and emotion. The Host is able to present the

story that can balance demotion and action through the flow of the story. By

reading it, the reader can arouse their feelings and focus on the action of the

character and the flow of the story.

The Host is an interesting novel to read. Jane Jorgenson in Library

Journal criticized that the novel “lives up to the hype, blending science fiction

in a way that never worked so well”

(http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/thehost.html). From the quotation, it can be

said that the author explores what happen to the relationships when the two


http://amazon.com/The-Host-Novel-Stephenie-Meyer/dp0316068047/

8

souls inhabit the same physical body. The novel enhances the relation between

Wanderer and Melanie in a beautiful way; how the two species interact and

actually motivate to help each other although they have so many differences.

Another review is from Booklist signifies about the pretty mixture

tale about the humanity issues in the novel.

Meyer’s ingenious adult-market debut, heavily but not tediously

indebted to Invasion of the Body-snatchers, imagines the tangled web

of attachments between an alien parasite and the colony of humans to

which the alien’s host body once belonged. Meyer boldly chooses to

narrate from the perspective of the invading alien, a 1,000-year-old

female “soul” named Wanderer, and it is a tribute to the author’s skill

that Wanderer is a sympathetic protagonist despite the fact that she

tells her tale while clinging to the cerebellum of a human victim, 17-

year-old Melanie.

(http://www.amazon.com/TheHostNovelStephenieMeyer/dp/productd

escription/0316218502/ref=dp_proddesc_0?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=

books)

According to the quotation above, Meyer makes a significant debut of the

alien story for adult readers. Wanderer as the main character and a protagonist

describe as kind soul although she posses Melanie’s body. The uniqueness of

main character provokes the readers’ curiosity to explore her journey in the

novel.

Criticisms about Meyer’s character also come from undergraduate

thesis by Nurvita Wijayanti a scholar from Sanata Dharma University that

uses Twillight novel by Stephenie Meyer. She stated that “Meyer can describe

every character commonly and does not give excessive” (2011: 6). Meyer

creates character with ordinary description that is perceptible by the readers.

Thus, character in Meyer’s work portrays a conventional view of individual

type that is easy to understand.


http://www.amazon.com/TheHostNovelStephenieMeyer/dp/productdescription/0316218502/ref=dp_proddesc_0?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books



9

Regarding the criticisms mentioned before, the writer can highlight

several important points. First, the story in The Host is amusing to explore

because it is a balance mixture of emotion and action. Second, Meyer presents

Wanderer, the main character as a unique figure because she is an alien or a

soul. Third, those criticisms and reviews help the writer analyze The Host.

Although the writer agrees with the criticisms above, the writer has different

opinion about in this study. The writer chooses the motivation of Wanderer as

the topic by observing her character and her conflicts.

B. Review on Related Theories

Some theories are needed to support the analysis and answer the

problems. Those theories are the theories on character and characterization,

theories of conflict, and theories of motivation.

1. Theory of Character and Characterization

The theories about character and characterization are needed to

analyze the major character, Wanderer. In a book Fiction: An Introduction to

Reading and Writing, Roberts and Jacobs stated about character and

characterization.

Character in literature generally, and in fiction specifically, is an

extended verbal representation of a human being, the inner self that

determines thought, speech, and behavior. Through dialogue, action,

and commentary, authors capture some of the interactions of character

and circumstance. (1989: 143)

From the quotation above, character in fiction is defined as representation of

human being that has particular thought, speech, and behavior. Whereas,


10

characterization is the way to analyze the character. The key elements such as

dialogue, action, and comments are important to the writer as clues to

determine the character.

Arp and Johnson in their book Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound,

and Sense. Tenth Edition explains that character is complicated description of

human being.

Analyzing characterization is more difficult than describing plot, for

human character is infinitely complex, variable, and ambiguous.

Anyone can summarize what a person in a story has done, but a writer

needs considerable skill and insight into human beings to describe

convincingly who a person is. (2009: 161)

They explained that characterization is more complex and varied compared to

the plot. The reader can identify the action of the character because every

character does different activity. Thus, the complexity of the character is

described as a deep portrait of human being.

Also, in the book Understanding Unseen by Murphy (1972:161-173)

there are several paths to analyze the characterization. He states that character

can be seen through personal description, character as seen by another, speech,

past life, conversation of other, reactions, direct comment, thought, and

mannerism.

The first, character can be analyzed through their personal

description. The detail about the character’s appearance such as clothes, the

face, skin, and eyes are important keys to find the characterization (1972:

161). It provides particular clues related to the character due to the fact that

each character has their own appearance.


11

The second, the way to analyze the characterization is through

characters description as seen by another (1972: 162). The reader is able to

obtain reflection or image of the character through the eyes of another

character in the story. The third, characterization can be analyzed through

speech(1972: 164). The author can give some understanding of the character

through what character says. The author present some hints of the

characterization whenever a character speaks, whenever a character is in

conversation with another character or whenever a character states an opinion.

The fourth, the characterization can be analyzed through past life

(1972: 166). The reader can learn something about a character’s past life by a

hint given by the author in the story. The past life of the character reflects

through direct comment seen in the person’s, thought, conversation, or

through the medium of another character. The fifth, the characterization can

be analyzed through conversation of other. The character often talks about

other characters and it gives some hints to the description of particular

character (1972: 167).

The sixth, the characterization can be analyzed through reactions. The

author can give the reader a hint by presenting the character’s reactions to

particular situations and events (1972: 168). The seventh, the characterization

can be analyzed through direct comment. The author explains or comments on

a person’s character straightly without any medium (1972: 170). Next, the

characterization can be analyzed through thoughts. The author give the reader


12

straight information of what a character is thinking about, what is on the

character’s mind and what the character feels (1972: 171).

Last, the characterization can be analyzed through mannerisms. The

author portrays a character’s mannerism by the description of the character’s

habits and behaviors (1972: 173).These nine ways are applied to a gain

concrete understanding of the character in the story. The reader can view the

complete image of the character by seeing at personal description, character as

seen by another, speech, past life, conversation of other, reactions, direct

comment, thought, and mannerism. Thus, these ways helps the reader

understand about the character completely.

2. Theory of Conflict

Conflict contributes the dynamic flow of the story in the novel.

According to Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson in Perrine’s Literature:

Structure, Sound, and Sense Tenth Edition; important information can be find

in the conflict that present as follows.

Conflict--a clash of actions, ideas, desires, or wills. Characters may be

pitted against some other person or group of persons (conflict of

person against person); they may be in conflict with some external

force--physical nature, society, or “fate” (conflict of person against

environment); or they may be in conflict with some elements in their

own natures (conflict of person against himself or herself). The

conflict may be physical, mental emotional, or moral (2009: 104).

Arp and Johnson divide conflict into two which are internal conflict (conflict

person against himself and herself) and external conflict (conflict person


13

against person or environment). A contrast action, will, ideas, and desire occur

because every character is unique and have their own perspective.

X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia in their book An Introduction to

Fiction Eleventh Edition define conflict as the contradiction between forces in

the story.

Conflict is the central struggle between two or more forces in the

story. Conflict generally occurs when some person or thing prevents

the protagonists from achieving his or her intended goal. Opposition

can arise from another character, external events, preexisting

situations, fate, or even some aspect of the main character’s own

personality (2010: 714).

Conflict can forbid the character to reach her or his goal. It also can keep

particular action or situation to happen. Therefore, conflict is the main aspect

that builds the plot in the story.

3. Theory of Motivation

Every person has motivation in his or her life. It provokes people to

do actions in order to fulfill their goals. In the book Motivation: Theory and

Research by Herbert L. Petri, “motivation is the concept we use when we

describe the forces acting or within an organism to initiate and direct behavior

(1981: 3)”. This concept influences people to decide and behave in particular

situation happen in daily life.

Petri also stated the theory of motivation that is developed by

Abraham Maslow in his book. Maslow discovered motivation which is in

relation with human needs called hierarchy of needs. A person is less


14

influenced if lower needs are mostly satisfied most of the time. On the

contrary, a person is more influenced if the higher needs are less satisfied.

The needs have five stages that influence the motivation of people.

The first stage of hierarchy is physiological needs (1981: 302). This is the

basic needs of human such as food, drink, and sexual needs. The second stage

of the hierarchy is safety needs (1981: 303). This is a need for security in the

environment or in the place that the person lives in.

The third stage of hierarchy is love or belonging needs (1981: 303).

These needs are related to maintain relationship with others, especially the

feeling of being involve in particular group or person. The fourth stage of the

hierarchy is esteem needs (1981: 303-304). This stage relates to a positive,

high evaluation of oneself. It can be divided into a need for self-esteem which

motivates individual to struggle for achievement, strength, confident,

independence, and freedom whereas a need for esteem from others including

the needs of the social status, recognition, independence, appreciation by

others of one’s abilities, and a feeling of importance.

The final stage of the hierarchy is self-actualization (1981: 304-305).

This level can be reach if the first four levels of needs are satisfied. At this

level, behavior of the people is motivated by different conditions at the lower

levels. The self-actualized person is no longer motivated by deficiencies, but

is motivated to grow and become all that he or she is capable of becoming a

fully grown person.


15

C. Theoretical Framework

Those theories are needed to analyze the thesis. The theories are

theory of character and characterization, theory of conflict, and theory of

motivation. First, the theory of character and characterization is used to

analyze the first problem about the description of the main character. The

writer needs those theories to analyze and explain the description of Wanderer

as seen in The Host novel.

Second, the writer uses the theory of conflict to analyze the second

problem about Wanderer’s conflict that influences her motivation in the story.

Third, the writer uses Maslow’s theory of motivation. It is applied to explain

the relation between Wanderer’s character and the conflicts that motivate her

to live with human. The analysis of motivation is based on Maslow’s

hierarchy of needs. The needs are physiological needs, safety needs, and love

or belongingness needs.

In this study, library research method is used to collect and analyze

the data. The writer uses articles, journals, and books from the library and

internet besides The Host novel as the main source. In conclusion, the review

of related studies and theories are needed to gain the complete analysis and

understanding of the Wanderer’s motivation to live with human.


16

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Object of the Study

The object of the study is a novel entitled The Host. This novel

consists of 619 pages and divided into epilogue, 58 chapters, and epilogue.

This novel is created by a famous American author, Stephenie Meyer. It is

published after her previous vampire-romance-saga: Twilight, New Moon,

Eclipse, and Breaking Dawn. The Host first published in 6 May 2008 by

Little, Brown, and Company and has been a hit since that.

The Host gain several praise such as #1 New York Times Bestseller,

remained on this list for 26 weeks and also spent over 36 weeks on The Los

Angeles Times bestseller list. In Canada, it also becomes #1 of 10-top-selling

fiction books by Maclean’s Magazines. Furthermore, its debut remark “Best

Book of May 2008” in Amazon.com.

The novel tells about an alien named Wanderer that motivates to live

with human. The conflicts arise since Wanderer inserted to Melanie’s body. In

the continuation of the story, Wanderer finds herself affected by Melanie’s

soul, especially her emotion and memories. Although she is trapped, she

protects the information about other humans, including her brother, Jamie, and

her boyfriend, Jared.

The contradiction of traits and feelings between Wanderer and

Melanie are collided. They run away from the Seeker, soul that is assigned to


17

hunt human; to search for human’s hiding place which is located in the desert.

At the hiding place, lived Melanie’s relatives such as Uncle Jeb, Aunt Maggie,

Sharon, Jamie; and of course Jared. At the beginning, most human there wants

to kill Wanderer, but later they trust Wanderer for being a friend and part of

their community. She also falls in love with a young man named Ian, who

convinces other human to trust her.

The Host was recently adapted into a film and was released in theaters

on 29 March 2013. The movie’s casts are Saoirse Ronan as

Wanderer/Melanie, Max Irons as Jared Howe, Chandler Canterbury as Jamie,

and Jake Abel as Ian O’Shea. It beautifully presents the novel’s story of

motivation and love of two different kinds in struggle to reach their goals.

B. Approach of the Study

In order to earn conclusion of this thesis, the writer choose an

appropriate approach to be applied. The writer uses psychological approach in

analyzing the work, since it deals with motivation. Thus, the writer obtains an

understanding about Wanderer’s mind, feelings, and behaviors that influence

her motivation to live with human.

Rohgerber and Woods in Reading and Writing about Literature stated

that “psychological approach involves the effort to locate and demonstrate

certain recurrent patterns” (1971: 13). It can be said that the purpose of

psychology approach is to define repeated patterns of people. The patterns are

behaviors, perspectives, and emotions are the clues to discover psychological


18

aspects such as motivation. In this study, the patterns are the characterization

of the main character, Wanderer, that can be seen through her behavior,

perspective, and emotion. This characterization influenced her to do actions

when there are conflicts that hold her to reach her goal. Characterization and

conflicts influenced her to have motivation in order to reach her goal. Thus,

psychological approach enables the writer to clearly explain the pattern of the

main character in analyzing of Wanderer’s motivation.

The theories stated by Rohgerber and Woods are needed to analyze

the motivation of Wanderer. The writer applies psychological approach to

support the study and analysis. This approach captures some theories of

psychology to explain the character and the conflicts that reveal the

motivation of main character. It is the most suitable approach for this study

because it explores the character’s mind, attitude, and motivation which are

discovered through intrinsic elements in the story.

C. Method of the Study

The method used in this study is library research. This method was

used because the work needed to be analyzed independently. This study used

the references from related book, articles, journals, and reviews that were

provided in the library and internet. The library also provided objective and

usually complete data and references from many reliable sources that helped

the writer make an objective and research.


19

This study had two main sources which were The Host by Stephenie

Meyer and other books from library such as An Introduction to Fiction by

Robert Stanton, An Introduction to Fiction Eleventh Edition by X. J. Kennedy

and Dana Gioia, Introduction to Psychology Eight Edition by Rita L.

Atkinson, Richard C. Atkinson and Enest R. Hilgard; Motivation: Theory and

Research by Herbert L. Petri, Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound, and

Sense, Tenth Edition by Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson, Psychology in

Action by Karen Huffman, Mark Vernoy, and Judith Vernoy;and

Understanding Unseen by Murphy.

Moreover, several steps were used to answer the problem

formulations. The first step was the reading of The Host novel as the primary

data and to obtain a complete understanding of the study. The second step

was formulated the topic and the characterization of Wanderer that related to

motivation. Then, the writer formulated the problems formulation.

The third step was the writer collected and read books, articles, and

journals that supported the thesis. Those sources were related to theory on

character and characterization and theory of motivation. The fourth step was

the writer chose appropriate approach of the study, which was psychological

approach. Some books related to the approach used to analyze and to solve the

problem formulations.

The fifth step was to analyze and answer the questions mentioned in

the problem formulation. The writer tried to solve the first problem

formulation which was the description of Wanderer. The second problem


20

formulation was the conflicts happened to Wanderer. The third problem

formulation was the motivation revealed from the characterization and conflict

between other characters. Finally, the last step was made a conclusion. It was

important because it presented the point of the analysis and the summary of

the problem formulations. It was also contained the findings of the analysis of

this study.


21

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS

The Host is a novel written by Stephenie Meyer. This novel tell a

story about the life of Wanderer, an alien or so called ―soul‖ who is inserted

into a teenage girl named Melanie. This novel presents strong motivation of

Wanderer to live with human.

This chapter consists of three parts based on the three problems of this

study. The first part is the description of major character that has important

role in the story and also in analysis, Wanderer. It presents the description of

her characterization such as her physical appearance and her character.

The second part shows the conflicts Wanderer and the other

characters and circumstances in the novel that influences her characterization

to live with human. This part focuses on external conflicts which strongly

affect her motivation.

The third part presents Wanderer motivation to live with human based

on her characterization and conflicts. This part explains about her motivation

based on Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs.

A. Characterization of Wanderer

In the novel, characters are divided into major and minor characters.

The focus of The Host novel is Wanderer‘s characterization as the major

character. In this study, the writer uses Murphy theories to describe the

characterization of Wanderer. The writer only uses personal description,


22

character as seen by another, speech, and past life (1972: 161-173). Although

Wanderer is not human, she has logics and feelings as well as human which

reflect some human‘s characterization that can be analyzed.

1. Brave

Wanderer is an alien or a ―soul‖ that travels to Earth by hibernation

tank. She is chosen to be inserted into ―wild-young human‖ named Melanie

Stryder. Wanderer originally have a tiny spider-look body, but with thin,

silver, feathery antennae. Her body is about three-inches long with a shiny

body and three brains.

To describe characterization, Murphy stated that ―the author can

describe the characters in a story through opinion of another character‖ (1972:

162). Wanderer is described as a brave soul by other characters such as a soul

named Darren and the university students, who are seeing her insertion

process as stated in a quotation below. She is inserted into a girl named

Melanie Stryder in the hope that she will suppres Melanie‘s conciousness to

give information about other humans.

―This soul was specially picked for the assignment,‖ Darren said

soothingly. ―She is exceptional among our kind—braver than most.

Her lives speak for themselves. I think she would volunteer, if it were

possible to ask her.‖

―She‘s lived on six planets.‖

―I heard seven.‖

―I heard she‘s never lived two terms as the same host species.‖

―Is that possible?‖

―She‘s been almost everything. A Flower, a Bear, a Spider—―

―A Sea Weed, a Bat—―

―Even a Dragon!‖

―I don‘t believe it—not seven planets.‖

―At least seven. She started on the Origin.‖ (2013: 5)


23

From the quotation above, it can be said that Wanderer has outstanding track

record because she lives as various organisms in eight different planets.

Darren and the students describe that she has no fear wandering in other

planets. She has many experiences because she knows how to live as other

species such as Flower, a Bear, a Spider, a Sea Weed, and a Bat. Their

conversation also shows that she has already faces various difficulties in

various situations with various organisms. She travels and does her life

journey as individual that make her bravery flourish among her kind. She is

chosen because she has bravery that enables her to handle challenging human

such as Melanie.

Murphy stated that ―the author present some hints to character

whenever he or she is in conversation with another‖ (1972: 164) and ―how the

character reacts to particular situations and events‖ (1972: 168). Wanderer is a

brave soul. It can be seen through her conversation with Jared and her action

to cut her arm when Jamie is sick. Wanderer quickly asks Jared to drive her to

the nearest hospital to steal ‗the soul medicines‘ which are very effective and

sophisticated to safe Jamie‘s life.

―Quick, give me the knife.‖

―Wanda…I know you love Jamie, but I really don‘t think you could

use it. You‘re not a fighter.‖

―Not for them, Jared. I need a wound.‖

He gasped. ―You have wound. That‘s enough!‖

―I need one like Jamie‘s. I don‘t know enough about Healing. I have

to see exactly what to do. I would have done it before, but I wasn‘t

sure I‘d be able to drive.‖

―No. Not again.‖

―Give it to me now. Someone will notice if I don‘t go inside soon.‖


24

Jared thought it through quickly. He was the best, as Jeb had said,

because he could see what had to be done and do it fast. I heard the

steely sound of the knife coming out of the sheath.

―Be very careful. Not too deep.‖

―You want to do it?‖

He inhaled sharply. ―No.‖

―Okay.‖

I took the ugly knife. It had heavy handle and was very sharp; it came

to a tapered point at the tip.

I didn‘t let myself think about. I didn‘t want to give myself a chance

to be a coward. (2013: 601-602)

From the conversation above, it can be said that Wanderer is very brave to be

able to cut herself in order to safe Jamie. Her reaction shows her bravery

because she pushes herself to make similar wound as Jamie‘s in order to know

the way to heal it. She does not fear the pain and blood from wound she

create. She has brave heart to react and does right action in order to save other

people, even though it can endanger her. Thus, she bravely stabbed her arm to

show Melanie and Jamie that she has no fear to save the people she loved. She

has no fear and also has great endurance to face obstacles that steer her from

her goal.

2. Strong

Wanderer is a strong soul and her strength can be seen through

several conversation and opinions from other characters in the story. As

Murphy stated that ―the author gives some hints to person‘s character seen in

the conversation of other character and their opinion about it‖ (1974:

167).Wanderer is chosen to be inserted into Melanie‘s body because the

authorities consider she is strong enough to handle her host body. Her past life


25

in many planets makes her ready to face difficulties such as painful memories

of her host body to search for other human.

―I‘m afraid it‘s too much for her,‖ one said. The voice was soft but

deep, male. ―Too much for anyone.Such violence!‖ The tone spoke of

revulsion.

―She screamed only once,‖ said a higher, reedy female vice, pointing

this out with a hint of glee, as if she were winning an argument.

―I know,‖ the man admitted. ―She is very strong. Others have had

much trauma, with much less cause.‖

……………………―She is strong.‖ The woman‘s tone was reassuring

now. ―See how well she did with the first memory, the worst memory.

Whatever she expected, she handled this.‖ (2013: 15, 17)

From the quotation above, Wanderer‘s strength can be seen through the

conversation of the two souls. In the quotation, the male voice belongs to

Fords, the Healer, who does her insertion process. The female voice belongs

to the Seeker, who assigned to gain information from Wanderer to hunt

human. According to Fords, Wanderer is able to bear painful and violent

memories of Melanie‘s suicide attempt. He sees that other soul may be

traumatized because souls basically never experience such violence before

come to Earth. Seeker also seen her only scream once which proves that she

has strong mind and capable to solve more difficult memories or problems.

She has strength that makes her endure pain, either physically or mentally

when she lives in a human body.

Wanderer is a strong soul. She has the full faith when she decided to

run away from the Seeker in order to find humans. As Murphy stated, the

author give the reader ―straight information of what a character is thinking

about‖ (1972: 171). She thinks that running away from the Seeker to find


26

human is not a betrayal. Instead, she bravely decided to do that because she

thinks that is a proper decision to make.

This shouldn‘t have felt like a betrayal, the idea of continuing on my

right and proper course.....It was me, more than I‘d ever intended it to

be....There was really only one thing to do. (2013: 118-119)

The quotation shows how Wanderer thought influenced her to be brave. She

knows that runaway from Seeker to find human is the right thing. Since she is

captivated with Melanie‘s memories about human life, she feels

compassionate for them as for Melanie‘s and her family. She does that

because she wants to meet Jamie and Jared that she loves, too. She bravely

decides and does her decision altough she will be hunted by the Seeker.

3. Persistent

Wanderer‘s persistence is shown through her reactions when she is

dying in the middle of desert to search for human. She and Melanie follow the

memories of deserted routes that given by Jeb, Melanie‘s Uncle. As Murphy

stated that the author give the characterization ―by letting the reader know

how the character reacts to particular situations and events‖ (1972: 168). Her

persistence can be seen when she tries to move and walk in her last stamina

after several days walking and dehydrating. She realizes that her body is in

pain, but she keeps continuing her step. She is able to resist the pain and does

not complain. She accepts the obstacles with spirit to never give up.

My shadow was a small circle beneath me when I regained control.

Painstakingly, I got back on my feet. Tiny sharp rocks were

embedded in the skin on my legs. I didn‘t bother to brush these off. I


27

stared at the floating mesa mocking me from the west for a long, hot

time.

And finally, not really sure what I did, I started walking forward. I

knew only this: that it was me who moved and no one else.

My footsteps were a slow crunch across brittle ground. (2013: 148)

Wanderer shows her persistence as she keeps continuing to move her body

despite feeling her pain. She does not bother to step on rocks and sands in the

very hot heat. She moves slowly, but her spirit is still burning. Her persistence

keeps her to face the pain and survives. If she can survive to walk, she will

find the humans. Although she is tired,she keeps struggling to reach her

destination. Her persistence makes her sure that she will meet Jamie and Jared

when she arrives.

Wanderer is never giving up even in emergency situation. She shows

her persistence when she and Jared accidentally meet two Seekers in the road.

Murphy stated that ―the author can give the characterization by letting the

reader knows how the character reacts to particular situations and events‖

(1972: 168).

―Give me one more try,‖ I begged. I fumbled quickly for the pill in

my pocket. I pinch it between my thumb and forefinger and held it

up.‖ ―Let me try to lie us out of this. I‘ll swallow it right away if

anything goes wrong.‖

―You‘ll never lie your way past a Seeker!‖

―Let me try. Quick!‖ I pulled off my seat belt and crouched back

beside, him, unfastening his. ―Switch with me. Fast, before they‘re

close enough to see.‖

―Wanda---―

―One try. Hurry!‖ (2013: 649)

From the quotation above, it can be said that Wanda, a nick name for

Wanderer; is a persistent soul. She reacts persistently in emergency situation.

They are hurried on they way home to Pichacho Peak after raid several stores


28

in the city. The Seekers who are following their truck makes Wanderer reacts

to struggle to defend her life and Jared. They will be caught if Wanderer does

not struggle to try to lying to the Seekers. She does not lose faith to try to talk

to the Seekers. She knows that if she tries to talk with them, they will believe

in her. Her persistence saves her life and Jared so they can go home safely. By

saving Jared, he will think that Wanderer is a good soul. Her persistence to try

to talk to the Seekers is only for Jared‘s safety but also for humans in the

caves, too. Thus, she saved Jared because she wants to be accepted and loved

by human, including him.

4. Smart

Throughout the story, obstacle and hardship happen to Wanderer

since she is lives with human. She sees that they live in limitation. They only

have few supplies of food, drinks, and medicines. When someone is sick, they

are rarely succed to cure people there. Fortunately, she can overcome the

problem because she is a smart soul. So, when Jamie is dying because of the

infection wound, Wanderer shows that she is a smart soul when she is in the

soul‘s healing facility to steal medicines for Jamie. She knows that soul‘s

medicines are very effective because it is made of high technology beyond

what human has. As Murphy stated that the author can describe ―the

characterization by letting the reader knows how the character reacts to

particular situations and events‖ (1972: 168). The situation makes her reacts

smartly to think about how the way to use the medicines is.


29

―Healing must be a fulfilling profession.‖ My voice sounded just

right. Interested, but not unduly so. ―I haven't been in a Healing

facility since insertion. This is very interesting.‖

―Yes, I like it.‖ She started spraying my face.

―What are you doing now?‖

She smiled. I guessed that I was not the first curious soul. ―This is

Clean. It will make sure nothing foreign stays in the wound. It kills

off any of the microbes that might infect the wound.‖

―Clean,‖ I repeated to myself. (2013: 606)

Wanderer is not a Healer or the calling for a soul that assigned to heal, some

kind of doctor. She does not know anything about healing, morover how to

use the medicines. From the quotation above, it can be said that she is a smart

person because she can persuade the Healer to show how to heal and use the

medicines. Her smart idea makes her get the knowledge she needed without

offend the Healer. Thus, her cleverness enables her to find solution she needs

to solve the problem to heal her beloved Jamie. She cannot stand to see him

just die so easily while she can find a way to heal him. By learning it, she does

not only save lives but also can teach humans how to heal others.

Murphy stated that ―the author can describe the characters in a story

through opinion of another character‖ (1972: 162). Wanderer‘s

characterization can also be seen through Jared‘s opinion.

―She walked right into a hospital, right up to the alien there, and

asked them to treat her injuries, bold as anything. Then, when they

turned their backs, she robbed them blind!‖ Jared made it sound

exciting. Jamie was enjoying it, too; his smile was huge. ―She walked

right out there with medicine enough to last us all for a long time. She

even waved at the bugger behind the counter as she drove away.‖

(2013: 626-627)

From the quotation, Wanderer‘s brilliant idea can be seen through her action

as told by Jared. Wanderer gives solution to do ―raid‖ without any suspicion


30

because she is one of them. She tricks other souls by making wound so she

can steal the medicines. She uses her cleverness to do it because she wants

Melanie, Jamie, and also other human to be healthy and nobody dies because

of sickness. She shows her cleverness to show them that she truly cares for

them.

5. Caring

Wanderer starts to care about Melanie since she is influenced by her

memories about her family and love, especially about Jamie and Jared. She

realizes that human is also as good as souls. They have the right to live on

Earth because they also have positive behaviours. She then resists giving the

information about them to Seeker. She even rejects the Seeker‘s suggestion to

remove into another body, so the Seeker cannot insert herself into Melanie‘s

body. She struggles hard by tying to think how to save Melanie‘s life. As

Murphy stated, the author give the reader ―straight information of what a

character is thinking about‖ (1972: 171).

If I could find a way, I would keep Melanie out of the Seeker‘s hands.

It would be very hard. No, it would be impossible.

I would try.

I promised her this, but she wasn‘t listening. (2013: 105-106)

The quotation shows that she cares about Melanie‘s safety. Since they share

the same body, they become close. They become sort of sister or old friends.

Thus, Wanderer does not want bad thing happen to Wanderer. She knows that

the Seeker may kill Melanie if she occupies her body. It is very difficult for

her to hide from Seeker‘s eyes. However, she promised Melanie that she will


31

try it because she loves her. She will struggle to save her although it may

endanger her own safety.

Murphy stated that the author give the reader ―straight information of

what a character is thinking about (1972: 171)‖. In the novel, Wanderer is

revealed as a caring soul. Her compassion toward human can be seen through

her thought when she pushes herself to keep walking in the desert although

she is so tired.

It was the urgency, the lure—the thought that Jared and Jamie might

be right here, somewhere in this empty place that had made it

impossible to resist this senseless plan. (2013: 132)

Although she knows humans may hate her because she is a soul and the

Seeker will automatically hunt her, she still decides to find their hiding place.

She considers Melanie and humans as her friends. Her love for them

especially for Jamie and Jared pushes her to make sure that they are all right.

She keeps searching without knowing the exact location of their place because

she still hope to meet them.

In the novel, Wanderer is revealed as a caring soul. Her compassion

can be seen ―whenever character speak, in conversation with another or

whenever he or she states opinion (1972: 164)‖. When Jeb decides to let her

live in the cave, other humans reject it. Her condition is dangerous because

most people in the caves want her to die. She feels uncomfortable because she

fears that she will be attacked anytime and anywhere. Thus she refuses the

boy‘s offer to accompany her sleeping in the same room. Her statement, ―No,

I don‘t mind. But Jamie, I don‘t think you should‖ (2013: 297); explain that


32

she cares for Jamie‘s safety more than herself. She cares for him as if Jamie is

is her biological little brother. Another statement, ―Because it‘s not safe.

Sometimes people come looking for me at night‖ (2013: 298) describes that

she tries to make Jamie understand that she may cause him danger and she

cares so much about his safety. She does not want Jamie to get hurt while he is

with her.

Wanderer cares about Jamie‘s health, too. She tells Jeb ―don‘t upset

Jamie for insist on taking the mat and moved him when he was asleep‖ (2013:

305). She can not stand to see the boy sleeping only on the mat. She is

worried that Jamie may get sick or hurt. Her caring makes she gladly takes the

mat for sleeping. It proves that she also look up for Jamie while Melanie is not

capable to care for him physically. It shows that she can be a friend and also a

sister for him.

Murphy stated that character is revealed ―whenever characters speak,

in conversation with another or whenever he or she states opinion (1972:

164)‖. Wanderer‘s opinion and conversation with Melanie shows her

kindness. Her caring is not only for her friends but also for her enemy.

If I truly did not want her death, would I be able to think a way to

save her? Was it my hate that was blocking an answer? Would I be

responsible if she died?

But if she dies, and I could have saved her if I’d wanted to…who am I

then?

You have to be practical, Wanda. This is a war. Whose side are you

on?

You know the answer to that.

I do. And that’s who you are, Wanda.

But…but what if I could do both? What if I could save her life and

keep everyone here safe at the same time? (2013: 675)


33

In this quotation, ―her‖ means a female Seeker that is assigned to catch human

and traitor like Wanderer. Instead of succeeding fulfill her assignment, she is

captured by human and put in the jail inside the caves. Wanderer‘s heart

cannot bear the thought that she will be end in human‘s hand. She cares about

her life although she is threatened by her previously It can be seen through her

opinion that she cares about both Seeker and people in the caves. She thinks

by telling the humans how to remove soul‘s from the body, the humans also

will be safe from the Seeker. They will not have to worry again to be out of

caves. Thus, she cares about everyone‘s safety so she thinks the solution to

safe both lives without hurting or killing one of them. She loves both Seeker

and human as her friend.

6. Sincere

Since Wanderer lives with humans, they become friends there. They

can get along with her because she shows her sincerity for them although they

distrust her in the beginning. Her sincerity can be seen when she accompany

Walter, one of her friend, who is dying of bones cancer. As Murphy stated that

the author shows the characterization ―whenever characters speak, in

conversation with another or whenever he or she states opinion‖ (1972: 164).

―Are you leaving?‖ he wheezed. ―Do you have to go so soon?‖

I took his hand again quickly. ―No, I don‘t have to leave.‖

He smiled and closed his eyes again. His fingers locked around mine

with brittle strength (2013: 422-423)

From the quotation above, it can be seen that Wanderer sincerely accompanies

Walter. She knows that is the only way she can do to ease his pain. Her


34

sincerity makes her unable to leave him. Thus, her sincere heart urges her to

stand beside him. She cannot let Walter suffers alone.

Wanderer‘s tribe is known to be very polite and kind. Her culture

teaches the souls to treat others as positively as possible. This manner

continues when she lives with human in the caves who in the beginning hates

her. On the contrary, she sincerely helps them to raid.

―Getting tired of shopping yet, Wanda?‖ Ian asked me.

―No. I don‘t mind it.‖

―You always say that. Isn‘t that anything you mind?‖

―I mind…being away from Jamie.‖ (2013: 635-636)

As Murphy stated that ―the author present some hints to character whenever a

person in conversation with another or state opinion‖ (1972: 164). Through

the conversation above, it can be said that Wanderer is a sincere soul. She

sincerely helps the humans do the shopping. Shopping here means the raid.

Humans there have to raid from time to time to fulfill their basic needs such as

food, water, clothes, medicine, and household tools. The raid turns into regular

shopping since Wanderer join in. She easily gets all their needs in the public

store without suspicion, as she goes there to do casual shopping. Her sincerity

makes she does her best to make people around her comfortable. Ian, another

character that has conversation with Wanderer; is curious why she is so

sincere. Her sincerity is exceptional according to him because she often gets

bad treatment by the humans. She join the raid although it may endanger her

life because the Seekers is always around. Thus, she does helpful things to

human, simply because she has sincere heart.


35

Wanderer always considers doing sincere things. Her reactions

toward critical situation between life and death do not bend her to sincerely

help others, including Kyle, a man that wants to kill her. As Murphy stated

that the author ―gives a hint to the characterization by how the character reacts

to particular situations and events‖ (1972: 168). Wanderer sincerely helps

Kyle to survive from drowning as seen in quotation below.

He‘s going to fall, I realized.

Good, Melanie snarled.

But…!

If he falls, he can’t kill us, Wanda. If he doesn’t fall, he will.

I can‘t just…

Yes, you can. Walk away. Don’t you want to live?

I did. I wanted to live.

Kyle could disappear. And if he did, there was a chance that no one

would ever hurt me again. At least not among the people here. There

was still the Seeker to consider, but maybe she would give up

someday, and then I could stay here indefinitely with the humans I

loved….

I stared at the face of the man who was about to die—the man who

wanted me dead. With him unconscious, Kyle‘s face was no longer

that of an angry animal. It was relaxed, almost peaceful.

Just as I thought that, a large chunk of rock plummeted into the river,

and Kyle‘s precarious balance was overthrown. He began to fall.

―No!‖ I screamed, the siren bursting from my throat again. I flattened

myself against the column and managed to pin him to the other side,

locking my hands around his wide chest. My arms ached.

―Help me!‖ I shrieked. ―Somebody! Help!‖ (2013: 450-451)

Her reactions shows her that she cannot let him just die. She is a sincere soul

because she manages to help her ―killer‖ with all she can do. She helps Kyle

without fear to accidentally drown. Her reaction help Kyle to be safe not only

from drowning but also from falling rocks. Thus, Wanderer understands that

by sincerely helping Kyle, she prevents more injuries to his body. She cannot


36

let him just die although she is hurt by him. Her sincerity is not only for her

friends but also for people who hurt her.

Wanderer‘s sincerity is also described when she succeess to get soul‘s

medicines to save Jamie from his wound. He can die if Wanderer does not

insist to go raid immediately.

I nodded. ―Yes. It's easy for me. I know what they expect.‖ I laughed

briefly to myself. ―I'm one of them. If you trusted me, I could

probably get you anything in the world you wanted.‖ I laughed again.

It was just the stress fading, making me giddy. But it was funny to

me. Did he realize that I would do exactly that for him? Anything in

the world he wanted.

Anything for them, I told her, and then I sighed, because it was so

true. (2013: 616)

From the quotation above, it can be said that Wanderer‘s sincerity is reflected

through her opinion and conversation with Jared. As Murphy stated that the

author present some hints to character ―whenever a person in conversation

with another or state opinion‖ (1972: 164). Wanderer gives her best to do

anything that she can do to help human. She will struggle very hard to give

what they want. Her sincerity pushes her to help them although they may

distrust and hate them. She proves that she truly cares for them by helping

them to obtain supplies.

B. The Conflicts of Wanderer

According to An Introduction to Fiction Eleventh Edition, conflict is a

main struggles that occur with two or more forces in the story (Gioia, 2010:

717). It means that conflicts happen because of contrast in forces such as

needs, drives, and wishes. These contradictions motivate people to do


37

particular action in order to fulfill what they want. This condition also happens

to the major character, Wanderer.

Based on the theory by Thomas R. Arp and Greg Johnson in

Perrine’s Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, Tenth Edition (2009: 104),

generally conflict is defined as ―a clash of actions, ideas, desires, or wills.‖

They categorize conflict into internal conflict and external conflict. Internal

conflict happens if character ―in conflict with some elements in their own

nature (conflict of person against himself or herself).‖ External conflict

happens if character ―against some other person or group of persons‖ and if

character against ―external force—physical nature, society or fate.‖

Also, X. J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia in their book An Introduction to

Fiction, Eleventh Edition (2010: 714) define conflict as ―the central struggle

between two or more forces in the story.‖ They added that conflict occurs

when ―some person or thing prevents the protagonists from achieving his or

her intended goal.‖ How conflict arise can be influenced by ―another

character, external events, preexisting situations, fate, or even some aspect of

the main character‘s own personality.‖

In this study, these theories are applied by the writer to analyze the

conflicts of Wanderer. External conflicts here are more conspicuous or catchy

in this novel. It has significant influence in motivating Wanderer to defend

humanity. The external conflicts are divided into two parts; the conflict

between Wanderer and other souls, and the conflicts between Wanderer and

other human.


38

1. Conflicts of Wanderer And the Other Souls

Arp and Johnson stated that one type of external conflicts is ―a clash

of actions, desires, ideas, or wills between a person and other person‖ (2009:

104). Wanderer has a clash of desire with other souls that want to disposes

Melanie‘s body. Usually, a soul will automatically suppress human, so there is

only one mind that controls one host body, which occupies by a soul. In

Wanderer case, there are two mind in one host body; Wanderer and Melanie.

Other souls that live around Wanderer consider the condition soon will harm

Wanderer. They are afraid that Melanie will control Wanderer to attack them.

They suggest Wanderer to move out into another host body because Melanie

is a danger to their community. However, Wanderer has already captivated

with her memories about humans and she becomes care for her.

But if you‘re this…unhappy, you should have told me earlier. We

need to get you to a Healer.‖

It took me a moment, emotionally distracted as I was, to understand.

―A Healer? You want me to skip?‖

―No one would think it badly of that choice, Wanderer. It‘s

understood, if a host is defective—―(2013: 57)

From the quotation, it can be seen that Wanderer has different desire from

Kathy, a soul who is her calling as Comforter. Kathy is terrified when she

knows that Melanie still lives in the body. She dislikes Wanderer situation.

She suggests Wanderer to consult to a Healer, some kind of doctor; to be

moved into another host. In contrast, Wanderer does not want to move from

Melanie‘s body because she is important for her. She resists separation

because she considers her as her friend, not just another host. Because she is a

caring soul, she can not let Melanie suppresed by the other soul.


39

Arp and Johnson stated that one type of external conflicts is ―a clash


104). There are different ideas between Wanderer and the Seeker. Wanderer

thinks humans positively. She considers human as good as soul. However, the

Seeker thinks that they are dangerous enemy, as stated below.

―The humans?‖

―Yes. Do you pity them?‖

―Don‘t you?‖

―No. They were quite a brutal race. They were lucky to survive each

other as long as they did.‖

―Not every one of them was bad.‖

―It was a predication of their genetics. Brutality was part of their

species. But you pity them, it seems.‖

―It‘s a lot to lose, don‘t you think‖ (2013: 80)

Wanderer assumes that human are deserved to be pitied because they lost the

war. Human lost almost all its race because of the inception. Her care for

humans makes her able to feel their suffering for separated from their families.

Wanderer thinks that not all human are bad because she can feel their

positivity from Melanie‘s memory. Her sincere heart also lead her to have

empathy toward human, starts by helping Melanie. On the contrary, the female

Seeker thinks human are brutal race because they have it in their species. She

argues that human deserve to be eliminated from their own body to prevent

them to do violence to each other and their environment. These two different

ideas are the cause of conflict. It makes the Seeker hates Wanderer and

decides to hunt her and human afterwards.

Since Wanderer cares for human, that means she has different wills

compared to the Seeker, as stated by Arp and Johnson that ―conflict is a clash


40


104). Wanderer does not want to give too much information about the

existence of humans to Seeker. But Seeker is curious and insists her to give

her information so she can hunt and capture humans as soon as possible.

―No, I think you‘re telling me what you know… But I don‘t think

you‘re looking as hard as you could. I‘ve seen it before. You‘re

growing sympathetic to you host. You‘re letting her memories

unconsciously direct your own desires. It‘s probably too late at this

point. I think you‘d be more comfortable moving on and maybe

someone else will have better luck with her‖

……..―If you think someone else would have better luck breaking

into her secrets, you‘re wrong.‖

………―I've gotten permission to give it a try. Shouldn't take long.

They're going to hold my host for me.‖ (2013: 82-83)

In this quotation, it can be seen that Seeker wants Wanderer to move on to

other host because she thinks Wanderer is not supposed to be sympathetic to

Melanie. Wanderer is sympathetic to Melanie because of she considers her as

friend. She sees her memories that present human life before and after the

inception. It makes Wanderer realizes that Melanie and other humans are

worth to stay so Wanderer does not approve Seeker‘s order to change body

because she want to defend Melanie. She refuse the Seeker‘s suggestion also

because she is a brave and persistent soul. She has no fear in arguing with her

because she is never giving up to do right thing.

Wanderer and Seeker have different perspective toward humans that

are still resisting from inception. As Arp and Johnson stated that conflicts can

occur because of ―clash of actions, desires, ideas, or wills between a person

and other person (2009: 104)‖. Wanderer thinks that the remaining humans


41

are not harmful anymore whereas Seeker thinks that humans are enemy

whatever the condition.

―Why do you care so much about a few spare of humans? Why? How

do you justify your job anymore? We‘ve won! It‘s time for you to

join society and do something productive!‖

My questions, my implies acquisations, did not ruffle her.

―Wherever the fringers of their world touches ours there is death‖

―If even one is lost to your Jared or your Jamie, that is one soul too

many. Until there is total peace in this planet, my job will be justified.

I am needed to protect our kind. As long as there are Melanie;s

leading souls around by the nose…‖ (2013: 84-85)

Seeker has contradictory ideas about human. According to her, humans are

threats to the souls so she will not stop hunting them until they all gone. She

considers that a soul‘s life is more important comparing to humans death.

However, Wanderer thinks that she exaggerated because they have already

won. Her care for human makes her reacts according to her heart, not just by

ego. Moreover, she knows the fact that human are outnumbered so they can

not attack souls communities that have ruled the Earth for years. Using her

cleverness, she assumes that Seeker must deal with the reality and does other

thing that can benefit for souls community.

Conflicts is ―a clash between some other person or group of persons

or conflict of persons against person‖ (2009: 104). Wanderer has a clash with

the Seeker that want to kill herself and all the humans she knows. Wanderer

become a fugitive after she decides to go to search for human. She knows that

the Seeker will soon hunt her too but she never giving up to find their place.

Her love for human pushes her to be brave and strong, even when the Seeker

is close to capture her after she live with human.


42

―Is that—is that a helicopter?‖ Doc asked, whispering.

―Yes,‖ Brandt whipered back. ―It‘s the Seeker—the one from before,

the one who was looking for it.‖ He jerked his chin at me.

My throat was suddenly to small—the breaths moving through it were

thin and shallow, not enough. I felt dizzy.

…………… The helicopter circled and circled. Sometimes more than

an hour would pass, and I would think it was finally over. Then the

sound would come back, and I would see the Seeker‘s obstinate face

in my head, her protruding eyes scouring th blank dessert for some

sign of humans. (2013:427, 430)

Seeker uses the helicopter to search for Wanderer. She is assigned to capture

and kill her together with humans. She hunts Wanderer as traitor to her race

because of her decision to live with human. She never stop in searching for

her and human that are hiding although she does not know where the exact

location is. She also urges other Seekers to run the patrol around the desert.

These conflicts motivates Wanderer to live with human because she has to

help them. Her care for them makes she truly do all the best she can to protect

human, especially Melanie and her family. She bravely stands to struggle for

them because they are her friends.

2. Conflicts of Wanderer and the Human

Wanderer is persistent toward her goal. She struggles to find humans

although humans disbelieve her at first. She is threatened by them after Uncle

Jeb found her dying at desert. She is dehydrated after four days walking in hot

and dry desert. She is searching for them because she cares, but humans want

to kill her.

―We‘re not going to allow this, Jared.‖ It was a different speaker, a

more reasonable voice. Probably the younger brother, Ian. The

brothers‘ voices were very similar—or they would have been, if Kyle


43

weren‘t always half shouting, his tone always twisted with anger.

―We‘ve all lost somebody—hell, we‘ve all lost everybody. But this is

ridiculous.‖

―If you won‘t let Doc have it, then it‘s got to die,‖ Kyle added, his

voice a growl.

―You can‘t keep it prisoner here,‖ Ian continued. ―Eventually, it will

escape and we‘ll all be exposed.‖ (2009: 191)

From the quotation above, it can be seen that there are conflict between

Wanderer and humans. As stated by Arp and Johnson that ―conflict is a clash

against some other person or group of persons conflict of person against

person‖ (2009: 104). The biggest man in the quotation refers to Kyle, who is

about to kill her with a long blade. He wants to kill her because she has

occupied Melanie‘s body. They think she is a Seeker in disguise who is

assigned to capture them. Because she is a sincere soul, she can accept that

there is only a little chance of Uncle Jeb and other humans to believe her.

Wanderer is a caring soul. She cares about human and consider they

are her friend. It is the reason why she troubled herself to their hiding place

and live with them. The conversation between Wanderer and Uncle Jeb show

the conflict. Uncle Jeb said that ―everyone here thinks she hunted them out to

turn them over to the Seekers (2013: 264)‖. There are two different wills here;

Wanda wants to stay there because she actually cares and loves human;

however, most of humans inside the caves hates her. They are afraid that she

may capture them and hand them to the Seekers. They avoid interactions with

her. They consider her as hazardous, altough she does nothing that can harm

them. Because she is a persistent soul, this conflict motivate her to live with

human. She wants to show them that she is truly love them.


44

Conflict also happen between Wanderer and Kyle, the man that hate

her present so much. He does not trust the souls including Wanderer. Kyle

tries to kill her when she is in the bathing cave. Wanderer struggles to survive

from Kyle‘s attack that want to throw her to the river.

―Let‘s get over with‖

He jumped over the smaller stream with a bound and carried me

toward the closest sinkhole. The steam from the hot spring washed

my face.

He was going to throw me into the dark, hot hole and let the boiling

water pull me into the ground as it burned me.

―No, no!‖ I shouted, my voice too hoarse and low to carry.

(2013:447)

From the quotation above, it can be said that Wanderer tries to hold on against

Kyle‘s attacks. Kyle wants to throw her into hot water stream that can boil her

body. He incidentally tries to kill her alone so there is nobody that can help

her. However, Wanderer‘s persistence makes here tries to defend herself by

fighting back to release her body. She wants to keep alive because Melanie

will die if she dies. She never gives up to defend her life in order to stay with

humans she loves. These conflicts makes her care more and more for them

because she wants to proves that she is sincerely care for them. The more

complicated the conflicts are, the more she uses her cleverness to solve them.

She can endure the hard sitution in order to be able to reach her goal.

C. Wanderer’s Motivation to Live With Human

Based on Maslow‘s theory of motivation, Petri stated that ―it

emphasizes the striving to reach one‘s full potential as basic to human

motivation and includes additional motives besides self-actualization‖ (1981:


45

301). He pointed out that the struggles of people are the foundation that

underlies motivation. People have certain motives behind their actions.

Therefore, people are motivated to fulfill her or his needs that lead them to

their goals.

In this study, Wanderer‘s motivation to live with human is also to

fulfill her needs. She faces conflicts with other souls and humans because she

has several needs to be fulfilled. Thus, the writer uses Maslow‘s hierarchy of

needs to analyze the forces behind her motivation.

1. Motivation to Fulfill the Physiological Needs

According to Maslow‘s theory stated by Petri, the first need of

hierarchy is ―physiological needs such as hunger or thirst‖ (1981: 302). He

added that the following need ―emerges as a dominant force in controlling and

directing behavior (1981: 303)‖. Consequently, Wanderer‘s motivation at the

basic level is to fulfill her needs of drinks and food. By living with human,

this need will be satisfied because they has supplies of food and drinks. She

will struggle to fulfill her following needs on the hierarchy if she satisfied her

physiological needs first.

Wanderer realizes that her basic needs; drinks and food are not

completely fulfilled. It can be seen when she is dying after days walking in the

desert to find Pichacho Peak, humans hiding location. She look for them

because she want so badly to be able to meet human. She loves them for

seeing their positivity from Melanie‘s memories. Her care results in conflict


46

with a female Seeker that wants to remove her from Melanie‘s body. She

becomes a fugitive and is hunted by the Seeker. Therefore, she rushly prepares

to go to the desert and brings only few supplies. Despite hunger and thirst, she

keeps walking slowly to reach the place . She stay persistent to find human

due to the fact that her thirst and hunger are uncontrolable. When she is about

to die, she finally meets Jeb, Melanie‘s Uncle that gives her water.

We thought we heard a sigh.

And then the water flowed into our mouth, and we gulped at it and

choked on it. The water vanished while we choked, and our weak

hands grasped out for it. A flat, heavy thumping pounded our back

until we could breathe. Our hands kept clutching the air, looking for

the water. (2013: 153-154)

―We‖ in the quotation above stands for Wanderer and Melanie. It can be said

that Uncle Jeb fulfills her need of drink. He gives Wanderer water although

she is a soul who uses Melanie‘s body. She is very thankful to Jeb for giving

her water so she is saved from dehydration. She knows that if she lives with

them, her need of drink will always be fulfilled. She will be healthy and able

to live with humans she loves. Her conflict with the Seekers motivates her to

be persistent in order to satisfy her thirst. Thus, her motivation to live with

human is in order to fulfill her basic need of drink.

After she meets Uncle Jeb and other humans, she is contained the

underground cave as a prisoner. She is in conflict with human because they

fear she may capture them. Humans in the caves of Pichacho Peak are afraid

of her therefore they guard her there. However, they are still giving her food.

Food. They were feeding me?

It was the bread–a dark, unevenly shaped roll–that I smelled first, but

there was also a bowl of some clear liquid with the tang of onions. As


47

I leaned closer, I could see darker chunks on the bottom. Beside this

were three stubby white tubes. I guessed they were vegetables, but I

didn't recognize the variety.

It took only seconds for me to make these discoveries, but even in that

short time, my stomach nearly jumped through my mouth trying to

reach the food. (2013: 185-186)

It can be said that humans fulfills her basic needs of food. She is hungry

before she meets them. They feed her with appropriate food, the same food as

they eat. If her basic needs are not fulfilled, she can harm Melanie‘s health.

She can not show her care for them if she is hungry and weak. Food and

drinks that they give to her enables her to be healthy and survive. Therefore,

her motivation to live with human is pushed by her basic need. She has a

persistent character that make her motivates to fullfill it. Moreover, her

conflict with human affect her motivation because it makes her strong to bear

her hunger.

2. Motivation to Fulfill the Safety Needs

The following level of Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs is safety needs.

Petri stated that it represents ―a need for safety and security in our

environment‖ also ―triggered in emergency situations‖ (1981: 303). Wanderer

believes she can feel safe if she lives with humans. She needs protection since

she is in conflict with Seeker that hunt her. Since Wanderer decided to seek

and live with humans, she is hunted by a female Seeker. She has been

followed since her first insertion into Melanie‘s body. The Seeker never stops

to search for her and even track her into the desert. She even directly killes


48

Wes, who guarded the outer side in order to find Wanderer. Fortunately, Jeb

and others manage to catch her and lock her in the underground caves.

Fear fluttered in my stomach. The Seeker was alive; the Seeker was

here.

I shouldn't have been afraid of her. Of course, it made sense to be

afraid that her disappearance would bring the other Seeker down on

us. Everyone was afraid of that. Spying on the search for my body,

the humans had seen how vocal she was about her convictions. She'd

been trying to convince the other Seeker that there were humans

hiding in this desert wasteland. None seemed to take her seriously.

They had gone home; she was the only one who kept looking.

(2013:665)

From the quotation, it can be said that Wanderer‘s safety is threatened by the

presence of the Seeker. Jeb and other humans fulfill her safety needs when she

needs it most. She knows that the people from Melanie‘s memories; Jamie,

Jared, Uncle Jeb, and others may protect her. They give her protection by

capturing the Seeker. By given the protection, she has become a part of their

community. Therefore, Wanderer‘s persistency underlies motivation to fullfill

her safety need.

Wanderer is also in conflict with human. Kyle, Ian‘s big brother in the

caves hates Wanderer because she is a soul. From the first time he saw her in

the desert, he wanted so badly to kill her, as he does not believe her sincerity

in befriending human. Then, he tries to kill her by throwing her into a hot

streams but Wanda managed to survive because she is a strong soul.

―My house, my rules,‖ Jeb reminded them. ―Never forget that. So you

listen to me, Kyle. And you'd better listen, too, I think, Magnolia.

Anyone who tries to hurt Wanda again will not get a tribunal, they

will get a burial.‖ He slapped the butt of his gun for emphasis. (2013:

490)


49

The quotation above shows that Jeb, a human, can give the protection which

are needed by Wanderer. Jeb is ready to protect Wanderer‘s life from anyone

who wants to kill her because they have become friends. Wanderer knows that

her life can be threatened anytime because she is a soul that care for human.

Jeb can protect her because he is the owner and also the leader of the ‗house‘

or caves. He has the power to create rules for anyone who lives inside his

caves. Anyone who against him will get punishment or even death. Therefore,

her need of protection arise from her conflict with Kyle, which motivates her

to live with human.

3. Motivation to Fulfill the Love or Belongingness Needs

The next level of Maslow‘s hierarchy of needs is love or

belongingness needs. This needs emerge after safety needs are fulfilled. Petri

stated that it is include ―a hunger for affectionate relationships with others, a

need to feel part of a group, or a feeling that one belongs‖ (1981: 303). In this

novel, it is clearly described that Wanderer‘s care and love for human caused

herself in conflict with her own kind and also with human. They can not

simply understand that the reason is triggered by her need to feel belong by

people that she loves, which is human.

Jamie crawled up the mattress, worming his way around Ian, to put

his arms around my neck.

―Sorry. Don't be sad.‖

―Don't worry about it.‖

―You know I love you, too.‖

So sharp, so piercing, the emotions of this planet. Jamie had never

said those words to me before. My whole body suddenly felt a few

degrees warmer. (2013: 537)


50

From the quotation, it concludes that her love needs are not satisfied before

she meets Jamie. Her love and care pushes her to face the conflicts in order to

be able to live with human. She wants Jamie, the reason she came, cares for

her, too. Jamie cares about Wanderer as his friends. He fulfilled her hunger for

affection by communicating with her. He also gives his care by giving

gestures that comforted her feelings. Thus, Wanderer needs for love is

fulfilled by Jamie because she makes Wanderer feels that she belong to live

with human.

Wanderer needs to belong or to be accepted by humans because she

loves them. She loves humans, especially for Melanie, Jamie, and Jared since

she is inserted into Melanie‘s body. It is uneasy because she faces both

conflict with Seeker that hunts her and also with human that want to kill her.

These conflicts motivate her to live with human so she needs to be loved by

human that she loves.

―I do trust you,‖ he whispered. ―With all our lives, I trust you.‖

And he had trusted me with every single human life. His, and Jamie's,

and everyone else's.

―Thank you,‖ I whispered back.

―You did it,‖ he repeated in wonder.

―We're going to save him.‖

Jamie is going to live, Mel rejoiced. Thank you, Wanda. (2013: 616)

The quotation above show that her need of belongingness isfullfilled by Jared

and Melanie. Due to the fact that she is a caring soul, she is willing to injure

her arms to steal medicines. Moreover, her cleverness makes her find the way

to heal in order to save Jamie from infection wound. She is not only


51

succeeding to heal Jamie but also give them the medicines supplies to heal

humans that are living there. Her brave action makes her love needs fulfilled.

Jared, Jamie, and all humans there are very thankful for her help. Jared and

Melanie say thank you for her to show that they accept her. Her character that

is brave, strong, caring, smart, sincere, and persitence; and also her conflicts;

motivates to fulfill her need of being a part of human community.

4. Motivation to Fulfill Esteem Needs

The fourth level of the hierarchy is esteem needs. This stage related to

a positive, high evaluation of oneself. It can be divided into a need for self-

esteem which motivates individual to struggle for achievement, strength,

confident, independence, and freedom whereas a need for esteem from others

include the needs of the social status, recognition, independence, appreciation

by others of one‘s abilities, and a feeling of importance (1981: 303-304). In

this study, the writer focuses on Wanderer‘s need of esteem by others, how

she wants herself to be recognized as a friend of human. She is persistence and

brave characteristics that help her through her conflict with Seeker and hostile

human. She needed to be trusted and appreciated by human for things that

underlie her motivation to live with them.

Wanderer is a brave and persistent soul that enables her to help

human, although it may endanger her life. She has no fear to steal medicines

from healing facility that are full of souls that can capture her anytime if they

know that she is with human. She uses her cleverness to trick them by making


52

wound so she can enter and bring back medicines without suspicious. Her

action is appreciated by Jared. He stated that ―Having her with us is going to

change everything‖ (2013: 657). Her esteem needs are fulfilled by Jared who

recognized her ability to help them. By helping them, she is considered as

important for the people in the cave. She gets the same status as other human,

not as their enemy anymore.

Wanderer‘s need of esteem from others also fulfilled when Jeb stated

that human needs her. Her cleverness results in her success to talk and

disguise souls when humans accidentally meet them. Her ability to save their

lives makes her become precious to human‘s community.

―I think we need you pretty bad, kid. We got Seekers out there lookin‘

for us, and you can talk right to ‗em. The rest of us can‘t do that. You

save lives.‖ (2013: 777)

It can be inferred that Jeb and humans in the caves appreciates her actions.

They see that she is worthy to be trusted because she has proof that she always

struggles to the best she can for them. She faces conflicts with both souls and

human so they can appreciates her sincerity.

In conclusion, Wanderer‘s characters help her to solve her conflicts

either with other souls or human. Her strength and bravery leads her to escape

and survive from the Seeker‘s oppression due to her needs of foods and safety.

Her persistence and intelligence pushes her to obtain solutions to help human

to be able to survive because she wanted to be loved by them. Her compassion

and sincerity enable her to care for human even when they are treated her


53

badly due to her wishes to be trusted by them. Thus, her characters and

conflicts motivate her to live with human in order to fulfills her physiological

needs, safety needs, love or belongingness needs, and esteem needs.


54

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

The Host is a novel written by Stephenie Meyer that talks about the

life of Wanderer, an alien called “soul”. She is inserted into a girl named

Melanie Stryder. She is supposed to give information about human existence

to the Seekers, the calling for a soul that assigned to hunt humans. She then

affected by Melanie’s memories about people she cared about and makes

Wanderer decide to runaway to find them. This novel also tells about the

motivation of Wanderer, the main character, to live with human. There are

three problems that formulated in this study: the first is about the character of

Wanderer, the second is about the conflicts of Wanderer, and the third is about

Wanderer’s motivation based on Maslow hierarchy of needs.

In discussing the character, Wanderer is described as a strong and

brave soul. She has lived in eight different planets before coming to Earth.

When she was inserted into Melanie’s body, she can handle her painful

memories and take full control of her body. Her strength and bravery makes

her has no fear to help human in emergency situation. She is also described as

a smart and persistent soul when she faces obstacles. In order to find human’s

hiding place, she never stop to walk despite her exhaustion and extreme

weather on the desert. She also has good strategy when she has to talk and

disguise souls by using her knowledge about soul’s attitude. To be treated as

friend, she shows her care for human by join the raid to steals supplies of


55

food, drink and medicines from soul’s civilization. She is also sincerely save

their lives from Seeker’s hunt, although it also endangers her.

In the second problem, the writer discusses the conflict of Wanderer.

First, Wanderer has a clash of will with other souls, especially with a female

Seeker. She refuses her will to relocate her into another host so she can gain

the information about other human and kill Melanie. Since she cares about

human’s live, including Melanie; she decides to runaway to look for human’s

hiding place. Automatically, she also will be hunted by Seeker because she

becomes a fugitive. Second, she also has a clash of will with human when she

finally meets them. They think she is a Seeker in disguise and want to kill her.

On the other hand, because she is a sincere soul, she keeps trying to shows

that she truly wants to live with them because she considers they are her

friends. Therefore, she always persists to find ways to face her conflicts.

After finding the answer of the first and second problems, the writer

uses Maslow’s motivation theory to find the third problem about Wanderer’s

motivation to live with human. The writer associates her characteristics and

her conflicts that influence her to fulfill her needs based on Maslow hierarchy

of needs. Wanderer’s bravery and strength enable her to fight against threats

from souls, especially from the Seeker. She is a smart soul for always find out

the way to deal with either the conflict between her and Seeker or the conflict

between her and humans. Wanderer is motivated to live with human, firstly in

order to fulfill her physiological needs such as drinks and food. The second

level, which is safety needs also fulfilled because human can give her


56

protection from Seeker and other human who wants to kill her. Her love or

belongingness needs also fulfilled as human consider her as friend and also

part of their community. Last, her need of esteem is also fulfilled when they

are appreciate and respect her as important as human. She is no longer seen as

an enemy due to the fact that she does the best she can do for them.

Thus, Wanderer’s characters and conflicts influenced her motivation

to live with human. Her strength, bravery, intelligence, persistence,

compassion and sincerity affect her behavior to solve her conflicts both with

other souls and human. These characters motivate her to fulfill her

physiological needs, safety needs, love or belongingness needs, and esteem

needs that happen when the conflicts arise. Her needs can be fulfill only when

she lives with human.


57

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abrams, M. H. A Glossary of Literary Terms, Sixth Edition. New York:

Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers, 1993.

Arp, Thomas R. and Greg Johnson.Perrine’s Literature Structure, Sound, &

Sense, Tenth Edition. Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2009.

Gioia, Dana and X. J. Kennedy. An Introduction to Fiction Eleventh Edition.

New York: Longman, 2010.

Murphy, M. J. Understanding Unseen: An Introduction to English Poetry and

The English Novel for Overseas Student. London: George Allen

&Unwin Ltd, 1972.

Petri, Herbert L. Motivation: Theory and Research. California: Wadsworth

Publishing Company, 1981.

Roberts, Edgar V. and Henry E. Jacobs.Fiction: An Introduction to Reading

and Writing. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall., 1989.

Rohrberger, Mary and Samuel H. Woods, Dr. Reading and Writing about

Literature. New York: Random House, Inc. 1971.

Stanton, Robert. An Introduction to Fiction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and

Winston, Inc., 1965.

Wijayanti, Nurvita. The Influence of Edward and Alice Cullen’s Personality

on Bella Swan’s Personality Development on Meyer’s Twillight.

Undergraduate Thesis. Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University, 2011.

Online References:

Jorgenson, Jane. Library Journal

<http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/thehost.html> (19 May 2013)

Limber, Anna.

<http://bestsellers.about.com/od/fictionreviews/gr/the_host.htm) (3

September 2013>

Malcolm, Mari. <http://amazon.com/The-Host-Novel-Stephenie-

Meyer/dp0316068047/> (23 June 2013)


http://www.stepheniemeyer.com/thehost.html

http://bestsellers.about.com/od/fictionreviews/gr/the_host.htm



58

Rai, Emily R. April 2011. Motivation: A Literature Review Research Report.

<http://www.pearsonassessments.com/research> ( 5 July2013)

<http://www.amazon.com/TheHostNovelStephenieMeyer/dp/productdescripti

on/0316218502/ref=dp_proddesc_0?ie=UTF8&n=283155&s=books>

(14 Augusr 2013)


http://www.pearsonassessments.com/research



59

APPENDIX

Appendix: Summary of Wanderer’s Motivaton Seen in Stephenie

Meyer’s The Host

The Host tells about Wanderer’s motivation when she lives in Earth.

Wanderer is a female alien or a soul that inhabits the body of a girl named

Melanie Stryder. Earth is Wanderer's ninth planet, and Melanie is her ninth

host body. Upon waking inside her new body, she is shocked not only by the

vividness of human emotions, memories, and senses, but quickly learns that

Melanie is not willing to give up the entirety of her mind. Melanie is one of

few "wild" humans - rebels who have evaded the alien souls that have taken

over the Earth. With her younger brother Jamie and the man she loves, Jared

Howe, Melanie is on the run from Seekers, souls who hunt down host bodies

for use. Souls are creatures that rely upon host bodies to survive. After

insertion, they erase any mental presence of the being there prior and establish

a claim over the body and mind.

Wanderer is bombarded with memories and her host body's missing

for Jared and Jamie, and finds herself motivate to live with the humans and

desperate to see if they are still alive. On a road trip to Tucson, Melanie

remembers her Uncle Jeb telling her about a secret hiding place he once made.

Wanderer sets out to find the place, with a sketch of the path from Melanie's

memories. They are found by Jeb, incredibly exhausted and dehydrated.


60

She is taken back to the caves in which some "wild" humans live, but

is treated bad as they believe Wanderer to be a "parasite" in Melanie's body

and might hand them to Seeker Kyle O'Shea and many others attempt to kill

Wanderer, but are stopped by Jeb. After several weeks of adaptation, she can

live with human. She is known as 'Wanda', becomes a part of the routine by

working, eating, and becoming an unofficial history teacher after evening

meals; some even grow to believe that Melanie is present in her mind as well.

During this time Ian and many other humans, such as Wes, Lily, Walter, and

Mel's younger brother Jamie, befriend with Wanda. After some time, Kyle

tries to kill Wanda by throwing her into a river. He is unsuccessful and is

about to fall into the river himself when Wanda saves him. A tribunal is held

and it is decided that Kyle is allowed to stay, though many of Wanda's friends

are upset about this decision, particularly Ian, who believes that Kyle deserves

to die after his plot to kill Wanda. Meanwhile, Ian begins to fall in love with

Wanda. After discovering this, she is confused with her own feelings because

of the fact that Mel's memories caused her to love Jared, too.

When Jamie returns from a raid with an infected cut on his leg,

Wanda and Jared sneak out to a hospital where she goes undercover to steal

supplies to bring back to Jamie and the rest. Sive live with humans, they are

realize that Wanda can be a raider, because she is trusted by other souls.

Following another raid, Wanda decides to reveal her biggest secret: how to

remove a soul without killing either the human or the soul, a procedure that

Doc had been attempting unsuccessfully. She promises to teach Doc under


61

two conditions: first, he promises to send the souls to new planets without

harming them, and second, he promises to remove Wanda's soul from

Melanie's body and bury the soul next to Walter and Wes, because she does

not want to be a parasite any longer.

Once Ian is asleep, Wanda sneaks away from him. He is enraged at

the idea of Wanda ending her life so that Jared can have his Melanie back. She

realizes that she too loves Ian. Later she sneaks away and has Doc remove her

from Melanie's body. However, later she awakens in a new body. She is then

told that the original owner never established a consciousness in that body,

have been taken over at birth, and it is revealed that none of the humans

wished for her to leave. The story ends when Melanie, Jared and Ian are on a

raid with Wanda. They discover another rebel group who also has a soul

among them. This discovery suggests that humanity and Souls together might

still have hope for the future.


Documents

BRILYAN NILAM PRATIWI - core.ac.uk · mencintai dan dicintai, dan kebutuhan untuk percaya dan dipercayai. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK