Breaches in Canal, Causes & remedial measures

8/12/2019 Breaches in Canal, Causes & remedial measures

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Engr. Muhammad Sajid Nazir

Roll No. 15

4th

Pre Service TrainingGovernment Engineering Academy Lahore

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CAUSES & REMEDIAL MEASURESOF BREACHES IN IRRIGATION

CANALS


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Introduction

STATISTICS OF PUNJAB IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Barrages 14

Length of Irrigation Canals 23,184 Miles

CCA 21 Million Acres

Canal Systems 24

Capacity of Canal System 1.1 lacs cusecs

Outlets 58,000


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Objectives

Identification of causes for occurrence of

breaches.

How to avoid breaches by Proper upkeep &

maintenance of channels.

Remedial Measures.


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Sources/Causes of Breaches

Natural Disasters

Human Interference


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Occurrence Of Breaches Due To

Natural Disasters

Heavy Rains

Wind Storms

Falling Of Dead And Hollow Trees


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Heavy Rains

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CANAL FLOWING ABOVE FSL DUE TO HEAVY RAIN


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Wind Storms

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WIND WAVE ACTION CAUSING EROSION AND ULTIMATELY BREACH


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Falling of Dead Trees

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TREE CAUSING HEADING UP U/S CAUSING OVERFLOW OF WATER


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Occurrence Of Breaches Due To

Human Interference Obstruction of Flow

Cutting of Banks

Tampering Channel Heads

Trespassing Encroachment of Banks

Unauthorized Use of

service Roads

Breaching of Banks due toPiping

Breaching of Banks from

Instability

Poor Compaction of Banks

Sudden Draw down ofwater/Sloughing

Vegetation Growth

Construction of Water

Course along the channel

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Cutting of Banks/Removal of outlets

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Trespassing

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Encroachment of Banks

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Unauthorized Use of Service Roads

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Breaching of Banks due to Piping

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Breaching of Banks from Instability

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Poor Compaction of Banks

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Damage due to Sudden Draw down

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SLOUGHING


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Vegetation Growth

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GROWTH OF VEGETATION


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Construction of Water Course along

the Channels

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How To Avoid Breaches?

Proper maintenance of canal

Formation of berms

Dowels to be provided

Sarkanda growth to be inhibited

Dead trees to be removed

Escape channels must be

operational

Trespassing to be prohibited

Unauthorized use of service

road to be avoided

Strict action against the culprits

of water theft

Syphon pipes of tube wells to be

avoided

Porcupine holes and Raingharas shall be attended

forthwith

Water courses along the

channel must be avoided

Proper surveillance of channelsshould be done

Construction of recharge wells

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Closing of Breaches Arranging reduction of canal supply from head of the channel.

Closing of channel as per regulation orders.

Collection of earth on upstream and downstream of the bank.

A ring bund is marked at the breach site for filling of earth when

less or no water is passing through the breach.

Earth filling on the alignment on the ring bund shall be done withcompaction in layers till the top level of the bank is attained.

Bamboos / Killa bushing is done in the design berm width along the

breach site with 50 ft. up / down stream of the breach.

Additional Pushta with the bank is also provided at the breach site

to cover the Hydraulic gradient.

Upon complete satisfaction that the breach site is properly

closed,canal supply is restored in the channel as per regulation

orders.

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Conclusion

Human Interference plays an important part as

the cultivators dont want to miss any

opportunity to irrigate their lands.

Cultivators are compelled to do so because ofincrease in intensity of irrigation.

Field staff Negligence.

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Recommendations

Escape Channels should be opened in heavy

rains to divert and enhance capacity of the

channels.

The recharge well would be used to take thewater diverted from the irrigation channels

whenever there was no demand of water from

farmers. The farmers would be urged torelease water into the recharge well instead of

closing the outlets.

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Cont

The capacity of irrigation channels should be doubledto match with the intensity.

All Minor Distributaries, Minors and Sub Minors are

required to be lined especially in brackish zones.

Enforcement of law and order should be ensured in

letter and spirit to eliminate cuts and breaches in

irrigation channels. 1 No. ASI and 3 No. Constables

should be deployed with the SDCOs for summoning

the culprits under Section 70 of Canal and Drainage

Act and frequent watching of channels in the critical

reaches.

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Cont

The offenders causing damages to the channelsby making deliberate cuts should be tried

under Section 70 of Canal and Drainage Act

1873, amended 2006.

FIRs should be registered against the culprits

and such type of offences should be declared as

non-bail able.

Close liaison among Irrigation, Police andRevenue Department is required at particular

hierarchy to get the optimum results.

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Thankyou

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Documents

Breaches in Canal, Causes & remedial measures