Brain Structures and Brain Structures and FunctionsFunctions

The Nervous SystemThe Nervous System

• The central nervous system (CNS): brain and the spinal cord.

• Peripheral nervous system (PNS): nerves.• Motor neurons: deliver the instructions from

the brain to the rest of your body.• The spinal cord: carries messages to and from

the brain.

The BrainThe Brain

• Three main parts of brain: the forebrain, Three main parts of brain: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. midbrain, and hindbrain.

• ForebrainForebrain: cerebrum, thalamus, and : cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus (part of the limbic hypothalamus (part of the limbic system). system).

• MidbrainMidbrain: tectum and tegmentum. : tectum and tegmentum. • HindbrainHindbrain: cerebellum, pons and : cerebellum, pons and

medulla.medulla.

The Cerebrum

• Largest part of the human brain, associated with Largest part of the human brain, associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. higher brain function such as thought and action.

• Divided into four sections, called "lobes": the Divided into four sections, called "lobes": the frontal lobefrontal lobe (reasoning, planning, parts of (reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving); solving); parietal lobeparietal lobe (movement, orientation, (movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli); recognition, perception of stimuli); occipital occipital lobelobe (visual processing); and (visual processing); and temporal lobetemporal lobe (perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, (perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech).memory, and speech).

• Divided into two halves: left hemisphere = logic Divided into two halves: left hemisphere = logic and right hemisphere= creativity.and right hemisphere= creativity.

The CerebellumThe Cerebellum• Regulates and coordinates movement, Regulates and coordinates movement,

posture, and balance.posture, and balance.• ““Little brain.”Little brain.”• Two hemispheres.Two hemispheres.

Limbic SystemLimbic System• ””Emotional brain" is found Emotional brain" is found

buried within the buried within the cerebrum.cerebrum.

• Contains the Contains the thalamusthalamus (sensory and motor (sensory and motor functions); functions); hypothalamushypothalamus (emotion, thirst, hunger, (emotion, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythms); circadian rhythms); amygdala amygdala (memory and (memory and emotion); and emotion); and hippocampus hippocampus (learning (learning and memory).and memory).

Brain StemBrain Stem• Responsible for basic vital Responsible for basic vital

life functions such as life functions such as breathing, heartbeat, and breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure.blood pressure.

• The brain stem is made of the midbrain (vision, hearing, eye movement and bodily movement); pons (motor control and sensory analysis); and medulla (maintaining vital bodily functions such as breathing).