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Some development highlights for a High Resolution Broadband Multibeam Echo sounder

Berit Horvei, Product Manager Multibeam

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/ 2 / 9 Apr 2023

AGENDA

• EM 2040. A High Resolution Broadband Multibeam Echo sounder

• Requirements set• Examples verifying requirements• Results

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EM 2040, specification

• Wideband: 200-400 kHz

• Depth rating: 6000 m

• Operational modes: Deep, medium and inspection or 200, 300 and 400 kHz.

• Pulse length: 25µs – 12 ms(FM)User selectable or automatic

• Three transmit sectors, dual swath

• 1 or 2 receive transducer(s)

/ 3 / 9 Apr 2023

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Requirements set

• Sector transmission• Full motion compensation• Broadband transducer• Large band width – short pulse length• Near-field focusing • 6000 m depth rating• Low self-noise• Re-use of bottom detection algorithms• SIS, same topside SW as previous models• Support third party topside SW

/ 4 / 9 Apr 2023

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Sector transmission

• Three transmit sectors.• Motion compensation• Reduce multipath problems

• Receiver filter. Filters adapted for each transmit pulse.

/ 5 / 9 Apr 2023

230 260 290 320 350

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

Frequency [kHz]

Am

plit

ud

e [d

B]

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Motion compensation

• Test of yaw stabilization. EM 2040 has full motion compentation

/ 6 / 9 Apr 2023

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Broadband transducer, measured coverage

/ 7 / 9 Apr 2023

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Measured coverage

• Jervis Inlet, 200 kHz, gravel

/ 8 / 9 Apr 2023

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CW/FM pulses, Measured & calculated coverage

/ 9 / 9 Apr 2023

250 200 150 100 50 0 50 100 150 200 250

0

50

100

150

200

250

Dep

th [

m]

Coverage Port[m] Coverage Starboard[m]

EM 2040, 300 kHz, Sand [-30 dB] Single RX 1*1 degree

= 53.0dB/km

CW CWFM FMCW CW

CWFM]

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Band width/ pulse length.

/ 10 / 9 Apr 2023

Reduced speckle with short pulse:

300 kHz

• 600 µs

• 70 µs

• 200 µs

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Frequency, beam width and pulse length

/ 11 / 9 Apr 2023

2 x 2 m

Courtesy of Marine Research Vessel KAIO-MARU No7, Nippon Kayo Co,Ltd

Courtesy of Marine Research Vessel KAIO-MARU No7, Nippon Kayo Co,Ltd

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Frequency, beam width and pulse length

/ 12 / 9 Apr 2023

200 kHz 100 µs(1.5 °)

380 kHz25 µs(~ 0.75 °)

Oppgi dimensjoner på vrak?

Wreck at 20 m

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Near-field focusing

/ 13 / 9 Apr 2023

Focusing enabled. Beamwidth is 0.4 deg.

Focusing disabled, Beamwidth is 5 deg. SL is 6 dB weaker

This shows the need for nearfield focusing:

380 kHz, measured at 6 m range.

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Depth rating, 6000 m

• Results from ROV testing in Gulf of Mexico

/ 14 / 9 Apr 2023

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Depth rating, 6000 m

• Results from ROV testing in Gulf of Mexico.

/ 15 / 9 Apr 2023

Colour scale:4.4 m depth difference

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Low self noise in electronics

/ 16 / 9 Apr 2023

EM 2040Passing over a forced hydrocarbon leakageMode: 400 kHzWater depth: 24 m

Early EM 3002 results, Water depth, 40 m Old receiver electronics, electronics later modified

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Low self noise, bottom detection algorithms

/ 17 / 9 Apr 2023

Pier,Water depth, 4-19 m

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/ 18 / 9 Apr 2023

Results

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/ 19 / 9 Apr 2023

400 kHz ModeT = 50 μsWater depth 8.5-9.0 meter

Seabed image

Gridded backscatter

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HMCS MacKenszie

• 112 m destroyer• Keel around 30 m• Upper deck 18 m• Radar tower 10 m

/ 20 / 9 Apr 2023

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Wreck Church

/ 21 / 9 Apr 2023

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Sand waves, 97 m depth

/ 22 / 9 Apr 2023

Y-axis: 2 m grid

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Sand waves, 90-100 m water depth

/ 23 / 9 Apr 2023

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Pipeline

8 m depth60 cm pipeline

Gridded (below) andRaw depth points (Allpoints)

400 kHz, single sector25 us pulse length (40 kHz BW)80 deg sector

/ 24 / 9 Apr 2023

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New Zealand, Shallow survey 2012http://www.conference.co.nz/index.cfm/shallowsurvey

Wellington harbour, between piers, 0.5 m grid/ 25 / 9 Apr 2023

90 m

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New Zealand, Shallow survey 2012

Pilars and mooring chains, 3D, allpoints, 12 m depth

9 Apr 2023

Mooring chains

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New Zealand, Shallow survey 2012

Habitat area, 0.5 m gridSand waves +/- 8 cm at 15 m depth

9 Apr 2023

Bathymetry Backscatter

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New Zealand, Shallow survey 2012

• Survey, flat bottom plus wreck, Neptune

/ 28 / 9 Apr 2023

Very clean dataNo filtering done8 million points23 m depthStd = 2 cm0.07% D

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New Zealand, Shallow survey 2012

• HMNZS wreck, 0.5 m grid

/ 29 / 9 Apr 2023

Ships Internal structure,3D allpoints

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SAT, Fugro OSAE, Victor Hensen, concrete target

/ 30 / 9 Apr 2023

Victor Hensen installation:EM 20400.5 * 1 degreeDual swath

Concrete target 2*8 mOne half is 50 cm higher A 1 m ”tower” at the corner, 30*30 cm at top.

19 m depth

Target:

400 kHz, 50 us, one single line, gridded.Allpoints on next slide

0.5

1

30*30 cm

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SAT, Fugro OSAE, Victor Hensen, concrete target

Gothenburg target, 400 kHz, 3D

/ 31 / 9 Apr 2023

Red points = top of target

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Summary

• EM 2040. A High Resolution Broadband Multibeam Echo sounder

• Requirements set• Examples verifying requirements• Results

• THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION/ 32 / 9 Apr 2023

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/ 33 / 9 Apr 2023

Kongsberg Maritime

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