106 OBITUARY-W. P. BLOX AM. ABSTRACTS--ICIACH~NERY & APPllRATUP. [ M ~ c h , 1914. _ _ _ - - - - ~ ____ ~

An interesting observation, whch fornis the ' subject matter of one of Holliday's patents, is the effect of an after-treatment of direct colours with sodium thiosulphate. This treat- ment greatly enhances the fastness to light of most direct colours and appears to depend on the amount of "hypo" with which the dyed goods are incorporated.

This after-treatment would appear to be of value for certain classes of dyed materials, such as casement cloths, &c.

The Pigment Co1ours.-The niajority of artificial pigments are insoluble salts of niono- azo dyes. The value of a pigment depends upon the brilliancy of its colour, its fmtness to light, its covering power, and the insolu- bility of its calcium, aluminium, bariuni salt, &c. It is further demanded that it niust be unaffected by lime and be quite insolublc in water arid oil, and not sublime at too low a temperature.

Few, if any, pigments completely satisfy all these requirements. The collection has recently been largely extended and the choice of a suitable pigment is therefore rendered much easier ; the range of colour is, however, rather restricted. The following are a few examples of the azo dyes which are being manufactured for pigments :- Litliol Red R (B.A.S.F.) "-?u'aplitliylainine 1-sulplio

+ beta-nspht.ho1. Lake Bordeaux B 3-Xaphthylamine 1-sulpho

4 bet,a - oxy - riaphthoic acid.

Lake Ked D dnthranilir acid + beta- naphthol.

Pigment Orange IZ (M., L. Paranitro - ortho -toloidin€

Helio Fast, Red RTA (By.) blcta- nitro- para- toluidinc Pigment, Fast Red R L

Lithol Fast Scarlet R

Pigment Pnrple (M., L. 0rthoa.nisidine t beta,

Lake Red P (A"., L. & U.)

V.

and B.) + beta-naphthol.

and beta-napht,hol.

naphthol.

sn!phonic acid + beta naphthol.

1 (B.-4.S.F.)

and B.) ~aranitraniline-ortllo-

A large number of azo dyes for pigment! have been prepared from dinitro-anilines, chlor anilines, chlor-nitro-anilines, chlor-anisicline, &c. by coupling with beta-naphthol its sulphonic and carboxylic acids. The pyrasolone pigrneiiti have already been described.

The condensation product of nitramines wit1 formaldehyde gives according to Grandmougii (Chem. Zrit . , 1911, p. 1276) Pignient Chlorin GG and Lithol Fast Red GG is prepared fron 3-chIor-6-nitraniline in the same way.

The author wishes to thank the many firnis who have so kindly assisted him in this resum&, and regrets that space alone has prevented him from entering more fully into the recent develop- ments of this important branch of technology.

Rubin (B,zi,s.F.) Par;- tohiidine- ortlio- sol phonic acid -I- beta-oxy naplithoic acid.

Anthranilic acid + R salt P?rnianent Recl 4B Pigment. Scarlet 3B (M., L.

and B.)

@bttuarp. -

W. Popplewell Bloxam. After working for soine years in India on

an investigation into the manufacture of natural Indigo, W. P. Bloxam, in conjunction with A . G. Perkin, A. G. Green, and others, carricd out a, series of important researches at Leetls University on the constituents and methods of analysis of natural Indigo. The various papers giving details of the above iiivestigatioiis will be found in this Journal 1904, 13. 180; 1905. p. 273 ; 1908, p. 316 1907, pp. 92, 165 ; 1908, p. 15.

After leaving Leeds, Mr. Bloxam wai appointed Scientific Adviser to the Sulphak of Ammonia Committee. He died on December 26th, 1913, aged 53 years.

ilbetracte front dnglieb an0 jForeiQn 301trnaIe anb Datente.

Z'he Titles of Patents are in some cases abridged .)

I.-MACHINESY A N D APPARATUS. -

%leaching, Dyeing, Washing and Drying Tex- tile Materials as they are Discharged from Spinning Machines.

P. J. GRANDSIRE. This apparatus is designed to dye and other-

wise treat yarn as i t comes from the spinning rame or the ordinary smooth non-perforated ,ubes of pasteboard, &c. The bobbins are placed ipon spindles n in order to avoid deformation if the tubes during treatment, and are then put iito the housings b in the false bottom of the iank B. The housings a in the lid A register

62

with those in the bottom, and when the lidTA is fastened clown the material is treated with liquids under pressure produced by a suitable pun1p.

The space between" the plates is made to correspond with the height of the bobbins. Suitable valves, drain cocks, and pressure gauges are provided.-Engl. Pat. No. 16,005, 1913. A. S.