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Bacterial Leaf Blight(Xanthomonas

Campestris)

Presented On :

Field Technical Annual Meeting

By :

Hilman Ginanjar

Field Technical Assistant

Karawang

Bacterial Leaf Streak(Xanthomonas Translucens)

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Bacterial Leaf Blight(Xanthomonas Campestris)

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History

Bacterial Leaf Blight was found in Japan 0n 1884Spread wide in all over Rice Country such as China, Taiwan, Korea,

Thailand, Philippine, India, Africa, and also Indonesia

This disease is causing by bacterial which called Xanthomonas Campestris/Pseudomonas Oryzae

(Ishiyama ; 1922)

In Indonesia (Java), Bacterial Leaf Blight has a full concern on 1948.Reitsma and Schure (Bogor ;1950) thought that it’s a new disease and called it “Kresek”

In Japan, Kresek is identified as Bacterial Leaf Blight, and international Kresek is the highest grade/Level from Bacterial Leaf Blight. Because the leafs are decaying, and causing decrease in yield more than 36%

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Symptom

Symptom are emerge 1-2 weeks after transplanting,Leafs which infection by Xanthomonas are green rather grey on leaf edge,

arch, and generally first symptom seen on cut leaf when transplanting

First, Bacteria attack few leafs, but it can spread until plant die.The last level of this symptom is decaying leafs which recognized by “Lodoh”

Bacteria are live in binding small channel, if the infection leaf cut and put down in damp room, brass dilution jell will flow out from binding small channel which are million of bacterium

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We can also find the symptom when rainy weather, and rice land are suffused, because bacteria are like

high dampness condition.

Too much Nitrogen also causing leafs infected easily, when leafs to much this element, the surface of the leafs are soft and hurt easily, when the leafs injured,

bacteria will infiltrating inside leafs.

Symptom

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Disease Cycle

Bacteria infected from :1. Injured leafs cut when transplanting.2. Through injured root when repeal process.3. Hurt by friction4. Hurt by insect

Bacteria aren’t stay on seed, generally this disease doesn’t brought by seed

Infection happen when transplanting or a few days after transplanting.

Carrier plant, how it’s infect, and how the bacteria can survive from season to season still not yet known much.

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Disease Cycle

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Controlling Methods

There are not yet cure to control this disease, but we can control it by :

1. Planting the strength rice type2. Do not cut leaf edge if using transplant method3. Balance fertilization (do not to much nitrogen element

esspecially when rainy season)4. Don’t suffuse rice land continuously, but alternate it with

dry condition (Irrigating System)

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Bacterial Leaf Streak(Xanthomonas Translucens)

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History

Bacterial Leaf Streak first time found in Philippine on 1918.This disease has serious concern on 1950, there are much

found in tropical area such as Philippine, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, South China, Vietnam, Cambodia, West Africa.

This disease is causing by bacterial which called Xanthomonas Translucens.

Called Translucens because the leafs seen translucent

In Indonesia, this disease reported by Oka (1972), According to Ramlan (1985) BLS spread in all over Indonesia, but Anon (1987/1989) not in Maluku and Papua.Generally, There are so many attack in high flow rate rain area in Indonesia

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Symptom

Streak for the first time, parallel length with leaf bone, old green colored, wet, and translucent.

Streak are increase accros the leaf bone. On damp condition dropping mucus which bacterial on it, and after it dry, looks like regular yellow blots.

Next level, all leafs are brown and dead, leafs are discolor, looks grey, attack by saprofit microorganism.

On this level, Streak can’t be different with Bacterial Leaf Blight.

Differing from Bacterial Leaf Blight, Bacterial Leaf Streak are not expanding in small binding channel, and it not to much causing decrease on yield (5-10%).

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We can also find the symptom when rainy weather, and high wind, because there are friction among leafs and causing leafs injured and bacteria can

infiltrate easily.

Symptom

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Disease Cycle

Bacteria can hold up from one season to another in seed of infected plant, after seed germinating, bacteria infect sprout by skin mouth.

Bacteria can spread from one plant to another carried by irrigate water

Wide spread can happen when rainy wind, cause the bacterial mucus are spread to other leafs, wind also causing injured leafs.

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Disease Cycle

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Controlling Methods

Generally, doesn’t need special operation to control Bacterial Leaf Streak.

If still are, do not plant seed which infected.When plant infect, do not too much activity in rice

land area, because the friction can help the bacteria to spread.

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Thank You